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A recent study that found cocaine use in big Swiss cities is among the highest in Europe comes as no surprise to experts, who say it is easy to find and affordable. Born in London, Simon is a multimedia journalist who has worked for www. He speaks French, German and Spanish and focuses on science, technology and innovation issues. He found that the Swiss cities ranked alongside Antwerp and Amsterdam, with average cocaine consumption equivalent to 1. While many agree cocaine is popular in Swiss cities, there are question marks over the precise figures and sewage analysis methodology. According to the federal police, there are between 25,, regular users and 36,, occasional users in Switzerland, for a population of eight million. But these figures are projections based on European and United Nations estimates. Predicting trends is notoriously difficult. Levels of seizures kg of cocaine and arrests suggest that illegal drugs markets were generally stable in , the police say. Meanwhile, the World Health Organization says experimentation among Swiss teenagers has continued to rise slowly from 1. A national survey in showed a similar trend among young men. Among addicts who smoke or take drugs intravenously, cocaine use goes in waves, said Peter Menzi, a drug expert with Infodrog, the Swiss coordination office of addiction facilities. He said some people may have been put off by the falling quality. Some 70 per cent of cocaine samples tested by the Drug Information Centre in Zurich in were adulterated with levamisole, a drug used to treat worms in cattle. The average cocaine concentration was Dealers may mix up to seven other cutting agents such as local anaesthetics. Eawag said its tests indicated that use of the white powder may double or even quadruple at the weekend during events such as the Zurich Street Parade, a huge outdoor party on August 12 attended by , people. Streetwork, which was present at the event, said ecstasy and speed were the main drugs of choice. Organisations agree cocaine remains a hit among clubbers and party-goers, however, as it is not difficult to find and relatively cheap. Then there are the ambivalent users who know about the dangers but consume anyway. The reality might be a bit different as cocaine is still an important player on the party scene. If there is the possibility of a line before a party starts or afterwards, some people may find it difficult to say no. Cocaine comes from the coca plant and is normally a white powder that is snorted, but it can also be injected, swallowed or made into a smokeable drug crack. In the 19th century it was prised for its healing properties. In the 20th century, however, by the s and s it had taken its place in the drugs scene. But it was also used as a lifestyle drug. Cocaine gives a high but only for a short time. Then there is the comedown with feelings of depression, worthlessness, temper and sleeplessness. Other side effects are psychological changes, aggression and, with higher doses, even malnutrition and psychosis. Antwerp and Amsterdam topped the survey, with average cocaine consumption equivalent to 1. Barcelona, London, Milan and Paris registered average use of between 0. The research into illegal drug traces in urine found in waste water also indicated that the drug is used most in central and western Europe rather than eastern and northern Europe. Cocaine is, after cannabis, the second most tried drug in Europe, although its use is concentrated in a small number of high prevalence countries, some of which have large populations. It is estimated that about About 4 million Europeans are estimated to have used the drug in the last year 1. On average 4. Dear Swiss Abroad, what difficulties did you encounter when your foreign spouse applied for Swiss nationality? Tell us your experiences. Swiss food regulations do not allow raw milk to be sold for direct consumption. However, a loophole allows raw milk vending machines to do just that. Is Swiss neutrality misunderstood? Or has the Swiss model of neutrality now become obsolete? More: SWI swissinfo. You can find an overview of ongoing debates with our journalists here. Please join us! If you want to start a conversation about a topic raised in this article or want to report factual errors, email us at english swissinfo. My husband got annoyed whenever I asked him for…. This content was published on Feb 12, The compact detector, which was created as part of a national new technology research programme, Nano-Tera, may be adopted by law enforcement agencies to test suspect drivers. This content was published on Aug 17, Somebody grabs the twigs, preferably a whole bunch, holds them tight at the stems and lets them slip through their hands like a rope, not too fast because it hurts, not too slow because they may miss too many leaves. This is how it all starts. SWI swissinfo. Swiss perspectives in 10 languages. Search Close. Menu Close. Search Search. About us. International Geneva. Foreign affairs. Swiss Politics. Multinational companies. Swiss Abroad. Switzerland: How To. Special reports. Switzerland has one of the highest rates of cocaine use in Europe Keystone A recent study that found cocaine use in big Swiss cities is among the highest in Europe comes as no surprise to experts, who say it is easy to find and affordable. This content was published on August 17, - Simon Bradley. Other language: 1 EN original. Source: Addiction Info Switzerland. Sewage survey. Popular Stories. More Swiss Abroad. Most Discussed. Next Previous More Debate. Hosted by: Emilie Ridard. Join the discussion. Sep 25, More Debate. Hosted by: Anand Chandrasekhar. Should raw milk sales be banned or should consumers decide? Oct 8, Hosted by: Giannis Mavris. What is the future of Swiss neutrality? Sep 13, More Debates. In compliance with the JTI standards. Read more. My husband got annoyed whenever I asked him for… Read more: My cocaine flight straight to a Swiss prison. More Swiss develop rapid infrared cocaine test This content was published on Feb 12, The compact detector, which was created as part of a national new technology research programme, Nano-Tera, may be adopted by law enforcement agencies to test suspect drivers. Follow us. Data Privacy Statement. Terms of Use. Rights to content and liability. Play SWI. External Content Your subscription could not be saved. Please try again. Almost finished We need to confirm your email address. To complete the subscription process, please click the link in the email we just sent you. 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Switzerland couldn’t stop drug users. So it started supporting them.

Lucerne buying Heroin

Countries in Western Europe were among the first to adopt harm reduction services. This long tradition puts harm reduction in a favourable position, both in terms of policy inclusion and funding, compared to other regions around the globe. Core harm reduction services, including needle and syringe programmes NSP and opioid agonist therapy OAT , are available in most Western European countries. In Western Europe, one of the most prevalent barriers to accessing harm reduction services in general, is uneven distribution of services within countries. People who use drugs living in rural areas are particularly underserved in many countries across the region. Unfortunately, there were no changes in this regard since our report. The number of countries in Western Europe in which NSPs operate remains unchanged since the Global State of Harm Reduction , with services available in 20 countries: all countries in the region except Turkey and no data on Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino. However, COVIDrelated disruptions in harm reduction services had adverse effects on the health of people who use drugs. Pandemic-related restrictions reduced outreach activities and low threshold harm reduction service capacities in general, leading to reduced HIV and hepatitis C testing availability in the region. Though COVID still affects harm reduction services, in , some cities Copenhagen, London, Paris, and Rome reported that daily practices of harm reduction services were no longer affected by the pandemic and, overall, there were fewer reductions in service provision after For example, the expansion of peer-to-peer syringe distribution with more peer-to-peer NSP services or the implementation of mail delivery of injecting equipment in at least four countries Austria, Belgium, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Switzerland is among the few countries across the globe where most harm reduction services are available, from NSP, OAT, and drug checking, to heroin assisted treatment in and out of prison. Professionals working in the field of harm reduction and substance use were unanimous in their opinion that all harm reduction services available in the country should also be accessible for young people who use drugs. However, access to harm reduction services in the country for young people who use drugs under the age of 18 is limited, with lower coverage across harm reduction services compared to adults in general. For example, DCRs are strictly for people who use drugs over the age of Anonymity and self-declared age put NSPs in a grey zone with regional differences. Experts working in the field of harm reduction highlighted that this limited availability is rooted in local policies and the lack of political will, as the Swiss law regulating drug use and addiction related services at the federal level impose age related restrictions only on HAT, where the admission criteria is being at least 18 years old. Though federal laws set the framework, cantons have great autonomy due to the fact that they have their own constitutions and laws, and run their own educational systems, social services, and police. Therefore, implementation, policies, and funding of services can differ greatly from canton to canton. For example, drug checking services are available in six cities Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lucerne, Olten, Zurich , while only one drug checking service in Zurich is available officially for people under This policy regulates the role and responsibility of people working in education, social care, the health system, and law enforcement when drug use-related problems are suspected in children and young people. Though harm reduction is included in the policy as one of the interventions that can be offered depending on the situational assessment, harm reduction services should be explicit about their role in early detection to avoid undermining the trust of their clients. For example, drug checking services developed guidance to integrate early detection into their work and defined the possible actions for clients under the age of providing information about the risks of drug use under 18 and about the related youth protection regulations. However, the guidance also clarifies that early detection can be integrated to drug checking services insofar as it does not endanger the relationships with their clients. Nevertheless, in practice, young people who use drugs might access harm reduction services in Switzerland because most services are anonymous. For example, DILU, a drug checking service in Lucerne, is an anonymous service where age is self-declared, so anyone using the service can access sterile syringes at the premises. A similar situation was reported in Bern, as the NSP is anonymous and, in theory, accessible for all. The contradiction between anonymity and age restriction can lead to inconsistencies. For example, in Vaud, young people who inject drugs can access sterile injection equipment, but they are not allowed to use the local DCR. They therefore cannot inject under professional supervision, unlike people who inject drugs over 18 years of age. Young people who use drugs accessing NSPs is a grey zone, with substantial differences between cantons. For example, young people who inject drugs in Lucerne can access syringe dispensing machines, but not the NSP. Reports indicate that young people cannot access NSPs in Basel, and they have to ask older people who inject drugs for equipment. The situation is similar in Solothurn, where under 18s are not admitted to NSPs. In Bern, NSPs are open for young people who inject drugs, though it is not clear to what extent this age group uses the service. In addition to general barriers, such as uneven geographical distribution of services with difficult access for people living in rural areas, lack of political will and appropriate funding for NSPs for young people is hindering access. Access to OAT seems to be an area where the difference between adults and young people who use drugs is smaller compared to other harm reduction services. This relatively good coverage can be attributed to the perceived low demand for this programme among young people. According to expert opinions, cases where OAT is needed in this age group are very rare, though the issue of data availability was also raised. In general, access to OAT for young people is not automatic. For example, in Grisons, cantonal guidelines allow OAT only for adults over 18 , but exceptions can be made if OAT is needed, with training for general practitioners also available. Scepticism and reluctance among professionals in prescribing OAT medications to young people was mentioned as a specific barrier in access to OAT. Young people cannot access DCRs in Switzerland. There are no regional differences, as age limits prevent access in all ten cities where DCRs are available in the country without exception. Generally, safer smoking equipment SSE is available at DCRs, meaning that age restriction is a serious barrier for young people who use drugs in accessing such harm reduction commodities. Young people who use drugs can access the drug checking service in Zurich but, elsewhere, people under 18 are not formally permitted to use the service. However, experts highlighted that drug checking services are anonymous, and age is selfdeclared. This is a pragmatic practice, prioritising the need for the service and building trust in the community over age restrictions. Besides age restrictions, young people who use drug checking services face the same barriers as others: uneven geographical coverage of drug checking services they are available only in big cities , and funding issues regarding available testing capacities. A lack of funding creates a significant barrier to access and, in particular, service availability. For example, in Basel, the drug checking service can take ten samples every 2 weeks, which is not adequate for the need for drug checking in the city. A recent analysis of client questionnaires highlighted the underrepresentation of young people among people who use drug checking services in Switzerland: of the respondents, only 29 were under Age disaggregated data shows higher rates of recreational use of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids, and higher rates of combined use of alcohol and benzodiazepines among under 18s compared to over 18s. Finally, the report emphasised the need for access to cannabis drug checking for young people who use drugs, as cannabis is the most frequently used substance in this population. Young people who use drugs are a vulnerable sub-population of people who use drugs, and unrestricted access to appropriate harm reduction services is therefore crucial. Swiss experts consulted for this report unanimously agreed on the importance of providing young people access to available harm reduction services without age restrictions. The most important issues hindering the implementation of harm reduction for young people were the lack of political will and funding for young person-oriented harm reduction services, and the bias towards offering prevention and treatment to under 18s when drug use is suspected. Disparate policies for young people under 18 is also a significant issue. Additionally, different local polices can further complicate the implementation of services and can lead to geographical inequalities in availability of services. The most important issue regarding access to harm reduction for young people who use drugs is the availability of specialised services tailored specifically to this age group. Both professional opinion and literature are unequivocal: all available harm reduction services should be available to all people who need it, young people included. However, there is an important caveat: existing harm reduction services designed and implemented focusing on adults who use drugs are not appropriate for young people who use drugs. We should develop new harm reduction services that ensure that young people are meaningfully involved throughout all aspects of programme design, implementation, and evaluation, giving young people agency and autonomy over decision-making processes. Full Briefing. Share this post. 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Lucerne buying Heroin