Ls Vagina
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Vulval lichen sclerosus (LS) is a non-cancerous skin condition of the vulva.
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a skin condition that commonly affects the vulva . When it affects the skin of the vulva, it is known as vulval lichen sclerosus.
Vulval LS is not cancer. But a small number of people who have vulval LS may develop vulval cancer. It is very rare in people whose symptoms are well controlled. It is thought that, over a long period of time, the inflammation caused by this skin condition increases the risk of cancer developing.
There are other conditions that can affect the skin of the vulva. We have more information about vulval lichen planus (LP) and vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) .
The symptoms of vulval LS vary. Sometimes there are no symptoms and the LS may be discovered during tests for other health problems.
In vulval LS, the skin in the affected area may:
Vulval LS does not affect the vagina and does not cause a discharge.
Over time, the skin of the vulva may scar and shrink. This can cause the opening of the vagina to narrow, making sex more uncomfortable.
These symptoms can be caused by conditions other than LS. If you have any of them, let your GP know.
The causes of vulval LS are unknown.
Sometimes LS runs in families. It is possible that it may be caused by an inherited altered gene.
Some people with vulval LS also have an illness, such as thyroid problems or pernicious anaemia. Although these conditions can occur together, one disease does not cause the other.
It is not possible to get LS through sexual contact. It is not a sexually transmitted disease and is not infectious. LS is also not caused by hormonal problems or any allergic reaction.
Your GP will examine you and, if needed, refer you to a doctor who specialises in vulval conditions (gynaecologist) or a skin specialist (dermatologist).
You may need to have a small sample of cells taken from the affected area to be looked at under a microscope (a biopsy). This is usually done in the outpatients department.
Before a biopsy is taken, a local anaesthetic cream is used to numb the area. This usually takes around 10 minutes to work. A local anaesthetic is injected into the area using a small needle. A small sample of skin is then removed. Very rarely, a general anaesthetic may be necessary if several samples are needed.
Vulval LS is usually treated with a strong steroid ointment that is applied to the affected area (topical treatment). Often a steroid called clobetasol proprionate (Dermovate ®) is used. Your doctor, specialist nurse or the pharmacist will tell you how to use the ointment.
Topical steroid treatment can often control the symptoms very well, but you may need to use the ointment from time to time. Treating the inflammation with the steroid ointment may also make sex easier, as the skin is less likely to split if it is not inflamed.
The information leaflet with the steroid ointment may warn against using it on the genital area. However, this treatment is safe when prescribed by a specialist.
Sometimes, if the LS is very severe, you may be treated with a steroid foam that is put into the vagina. You may also be given steroid tablets for a short time.
Your doctor will also advise you to use a non-perfumed moisturiser instead of soap on the vulval area and to wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothes.
Surgery is rarely used to treat LS. It is only used to relieve problems caused by scarring, such as a narrowed vaginal opening. This can help if sex has become difficult or painful. Your doctor can give you more information.
For most people, vulval LS is a long-term condition that cannot be completely cured. But it is usually possible to control the symptoms, and you should not have any further shrinkage or scarring of the area.
You will normally have follow-up appointments until the LS is well controlled. Your specialist will give you more information.
A very small number of people who have vulval LS develop vulval cancer . This is not common but if you notice a sudden change in your symptoms or any ulcers or lumps, talk to your specialist doctor as soon as possible. Do not wait until your next appointment.
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Lichen sclerosus is an inflammatory disorder that affects skin on the genitals. It causes irritation, skin changes, itching and pain. It’s most common in women who have been through menopause and girls who haven’t started puberty, but it can happen in men too. There is no cure for lichen sclerosus, but treatment can relieve symptoms.
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Lichen sclerosus is a disorder that usually affects skin on the vulva (the area outside the vagina), anus or penis. It causes the skin to become discolored, thin, irritated and itchy. Blisters and sores may also form on the genitals. Rarely, these symptoms can appear on other parts of the body.
Untreated, lichen sclerosus can lead to scarring, which can make it difficult or painful to have sex, urinate or have a bowel movement. There is no cure for lichen sclerosus. Healthcare providers can treat symptoms, but they may return after treatment. People with lichen sclerosus have an increased risk of developing a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.
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Lichen sclerosus is rare. About 200,000 people in the United States have the condition. It affects people of all genders. Girls and women are more likely to develop the condition than men.
Lichen sclerosus (also called lichen sclerosus et atrophicus) is most common in women who have been through menopause. It’s most likely to develop between ages 40 and 60. Girls who haven’t started puberty also have a higher risk. Less commonly, lichen sclerosus affects men who haven’t been circumcised .
Lichen sclerosus symptoms can range from mild to severe. Some people with the disorder don’t have any symptoms. In women, symptoms usually affect the vulva, anus and perineum (the area between the anus and the vulva). The condition can also affect skin on other parts of the body, such as the neck, breasts, torso, upper back, wrists and mouth.
In uncircumcised men, lichen sclerosus causes the foreskin of the penis to be irritated and itchy. The opening at the top of the foreskin can become scarred and narrowed, leading to painful erections.
Healthcare providers aren’t sure what causes lichen sclerosus. Experts believe that it’s an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune disorders cause the body’s immune system to attack healthy cells.
Genetics and hormonal changes may also determine who gets the disorder. In some cases, lichen sclerosus develops after someone has experienced trauma, such as an injury or sexual abuse. Lichen sclerosus is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD) , and it’s not contagious.
Your healthcare provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms. In some cases, your provider may order a biopsy . During this procedure, your provider takes a skin sample and sends it to a lab for testing.
Providers treat lichen sclerosus with:
An essential part of treatment for lichen sclerosus includes regular checkups with your provider. Your provider will watch for signs of skin cancer and help you prevent scarring around the genitals.
There is no way to prevent lichen sclerosus. You may be able to relieve symptoms with lifestyle changes.
To reduce friction and irritation, you should:
There isn’t a recommended lichen sclerosus diet. But some studies show that dietary changes can relieve symptoms of lichen sclerosus. Talk to your provider about foods you should avoid and how to make healthy choices.
Lichen sclerosus is a chronic (lifelong) condition. Treatment for lichen sclerosus can relieve symptoms, but they may come back. For some people, genital scarring can cause problems going to the bathroom or having sex. Some of these problems may be severe.
People with lichen sclerosus have a higher risk of developing a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. If you have lichen sclerosus, it’s essential to see your provider for regular checkups. Your healthcare provider will monitor your health and help you detect any problems as early as possible.
If you have irritation, itching or discomfort in the genital or anal area, see your provider. It’s essential to determine what’s causing your symptoms so you can be treated. Many conditions cause symptoms that are similar to lichen sclerosus, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
If you have lichen sclerosus and your symptoms return after treatment, see your provider right away. By treating symptoms immediately, you may be able to prevent scarring. Your provider will also monitor you for signs of skin cancer.
If you have lichen sclerosus, be open and honest with your healthcare provider about your symptoms. Be sure to tell your provider right away if symptoms get worse or come back after treatment. Through regular checkups, your provider will track your health, treat your symptoms and help you prevent scarring and long-term problems. Because people with lichen sclerosus have a higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma, you’ll need to see your provider often to check for signs of skin cancer.
Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 11/03/2020.
https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/worried-about-cancer/pre-cancerous-and-genetic-conditions/lichen-sclerosus-vulva
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16564-lichen-sclerosus
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