Long Prolapse

Long Prolapse
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Ferri FF. Pelvic organ prolapse. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 31, 2022.
Rogers RG, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse in females: Epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and management. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 31, 2022.
AskMayoExpert. Pelvic organ prolapse (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2022.
Hoffman BL, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse. In: Williams Gynecology. 4th ed. McGraw Hill; 2020. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed May 31, 2022.
Uterine and apical prolapse. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/pelvic-organ-prolapse-pop/uterine-and-apical-prolapse#. Accessed Aug. 31, 2022.
Nguyen H. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic. April 27, 2022.
Kegel exercises. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kegel-exercises. Accessed June 4, 2022.
Jelovsek JE. Pelvic organ prolapse in woman: Choosing a primary surgical procedure. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 2, 2022.
Trabuco EC (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. July 2, 2022.

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Supporting ligaments and other connective tissues hold the uterus in place. When these supportive tissues stretch and weaken, the uterus can move out of its original place down into the vagina. This is called a prolapsed uterus.
Uterine prolapse occurs when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken until they no longer provide enough support for the uterus. As a result, the uterus slips down into or protrudes out of the vagina.
Uterine prolapse most often affects people after menopause who've had one or more vaginal deliveries.
Mild uterine prolapse usually doesn't require treatment. But uterine prolapse that causes discomfort or disrupts daily life might benefit from treatment.
Mild uterine prolapse is common after childbirth. It generally doesn't cause symptoms. Symptoms of moderate to severe uterine prolapse include:
See a health care provider to talk about treatment options if symptoms of uterine prolapse bother you and keep you from doing daily activities.
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Uterine prolapse results from the weakening of pelvic muscles and supportive tissues. Causes of weakened pelvic muscles and tissues include:
Factors that can increase the risk of uterine prolapse include:
Uterine prolapse often happens with prolapse of other pelvic organs. These types of prolapse can also happen:
To reduce the risk of uterine prolapse, try to:
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This content does not have an English version.
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Cohee MW, et al. Benign anorectal conditions: Evaluation and management. American Family Physician. 2020;101:24.
Rectal prolapse. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract/rectal-prolapse. Accessed March 26, 2021.
Rectal prolapse. American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons. https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse-expanded-version. Accessed March 22, 2021.
Tsunoda A. Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse in the laparoscopic era; A review of the literature. Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon. 2020; doi:10.23922/jarc.2019-035.
Varma MG, et al. Surgical approach to rectal procidentia (rectal prolapse). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 26, 2021.
Varma MG, et al. Overview of rectal procidentia (rectal prolapse). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 26, 2021.
Morrow ES. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic. April 16, 2021.

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Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum becomes stretched out and protrudes from the anus.
Rectal prolapse occurs when part of the large intestine's lowest section (rectum) slips outside the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract (anus). While rectal prolapse may cause discomfort, it's rarely a medical emergency.
Rectal prolapse can sometimes be treated with stool softeners, suppositories and other medications. But surgery is usually needed to treat rectal prolapse.
If you have rectal prolapse, you may notice a reddish mass that comes out of the anus, often while straining during a bowel movement. The mass may slip back inside the anus, or it may remain visible.
The cause for rectal prolapse is unclear. Though it's a common assumption that rectal prolapse is associated with childbirth, about one-third of women with the condition have never had children.
Certain factors may increase your risk of developing rectal prolapse, including:
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Vaginal prolapse, also known as vaginal vault prolapse, occurs when the top of the vagina weakens and collapses into the vaginal canal. In more serious cases of vaginal prolapse, the top of the vagina may bulge outside the vaginal opening.
Symptoms of vaginal prolapse include the feeling of vaginal pressure or fullness — like you’re sitting on a small ball — and the sensation that something has fallen out of your vagina.
A cystocele or rectocele usually occurs with vaginal prolapse.
Mild cases of vaginal prolapse do not require treatment. Moderate to severe symptoms require nonsurgical therapies or minimally invasive surgeries, such as vaginal prolapse repair.

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Prolapse occurs when a woman’s pelvic floor muscles, tissues and ligaments weaken and stretch. This can result in organs dropping out of their normal position. Vaginal prolapse refers to when the top of the vagina — also called the vaginal vault — sags and falls into the vaginal canal. In severe cases, the vagina can protrude outside of the body.
There are no direct causes of vaginal prolapse. However, women are at an increased risk of developing vaginal prolapse if they:
Hysterectomy, a surgery to remove a woman’s uterus, is sometimes performed to treat uterine prolapse. However, vaginal prolapse can occur after hysterectomy (regardless of the reason for hysterectomy). This is called “vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy.”
Vaginal prolapse is relatively common. About one-third of women will experience some degree of prolapse during their lifetime. If you have more than one risk factor, your chances of developing vaginal prolapse increase.
Women with vaginal prolapse often report feeling pressure in the vaginal area, described as a throbbing pain in the vagina. Women also report:
The pelvic organs are all supported by each other. When one organ prolapses, it can affect the functioning of other nearby organs. Thus, some women also experience:
Your doctor will review your medical and surgical history and complete a physical exam. Additional tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, are rarely needed. In some cases, your doctor may also recommended urodynamics testing, a group of tests that evaluate bladder function.
Our team of compassionate urogynecologists uses the latest research and advanced technologies to treat a range of pelvic floor disorders.
Treatment for vaginal prolapse varies, depending on the severity of the symptoms. Many cases will not require treatment. In mild cases, your physician may recommend pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the muscles. In moderate cases, your doctor may insert a vaginal pessary to support your vaginal wall. In the most severe cases, you may benefit from surgery, such as colposuspension , a minimally invasive surgical procedure, where the vaginal wall is attached to a stable ligament in the pelvis.
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