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Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964
"Khrushchev" redirects here. For the surname and other people with the surname, see Khrushchev (surname) .
In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions , the patronymic is Sergeyevich and the family name is Khrushchev .
Nikita Khrushchev in East Berlin in June 1963
observing East German leader Walter Ulbricht 's 70th birthday
a While he was unable to consolidate control over the party apparatus , Malenkov was still recognized as " first among equals " for over a year after Stalin's death. As late as March 1954, he was listed as first in the Soviet leadership and continued to chair meetings of the Politburo . [1]
— Khrushchev's speech in Hollywood, translated by Viktor Sukhodrev [13]
^
/ ˈ k r ʊ ʃ tʃ ɛ f , ˈ k r uː ʃ -, - tʃ ɒ f / ;
Russian: Никита Сергеевич Хрущёв , tr. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchyov , IPA: [nʲɪˈkʲitə sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ xrʊˈɕːɵf] ( listen )
^ Soviet reports list his birth date as 17 April (5 April old style) but recent discovery of his birth certificate has caused biographers to accept 15 April date. See Tompson 1995 , p. 2.
^ Brown 2009 , pp. 232–233.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 2.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 20.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 18.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 2–3.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 27.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 26.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 30.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 6–7.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 37–38.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 8.
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 141.
^ Khrushchev in Hollywood (1959) , CBS News (3:50–6:09)
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 8–9.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 38–40.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 47.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , pp. 47–48.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 48–49.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Taubman 2003 , p. 50.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 12.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 52.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 54–55.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 55.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 14.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , pp. 56–57.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 58–59.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 16–17.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 63.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , pp. 64–66.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Whitman 1971 .
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 66.
^ Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (2005). Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev. Volume 1, Commissar, 1918-1945 . University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. p. 28. ISBN 0271058536 .
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 68.
^ Jump up to: a b c Taubman 2003 , p. 73.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , pp. 31–32.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 78.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 33–34.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 94–95.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 105–06.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 98.
^ Jump up to: a b c Taubman 2003 , p. 99.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 57.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 99–100.
^ Jump up to: a b c Taubman 2003 , p. 100.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 103–04.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 104.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 69.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 114–15.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 116.
^ Jump up to: a b c Taubman 2003 , p. 118.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 60.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 135–37.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 72.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 149.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 150.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 163.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 162–64.
^ Khrushchev 2004 , p. 347.
^ Khrushchev 2004 , pp. 349–50.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 164–68.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , pp. 168–71.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 81.
^ Jump up to: a b c Birch 2008 .
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 157–58.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 82.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 158.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 158–62.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 171–72.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , pp. 177–78.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 81–82.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 73.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tompson 1995 , p. 86.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 179.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 180.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 181.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 193–95.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 87–88.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 195.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 91.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 199.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 199–200.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 200–201.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 92.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 203.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 93.
^ Khrushchev 2000 , p. 27.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 95.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 205.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 96.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , pp. 96–97.
^ Khrushchev 2006 , pp. 16–17.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 210.
^ Khrushchev 2006 , p. 43.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 99.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 226.
^ Irina H. Corten (1992). Vocabulary of Soviet Society and Culture: A Selected Guide to Russian Words, Idioms, and Expressions of the Post-Stalin Era, 1953–1991 . Duke University Press. p. 64 . ISBN 978-0-8223-1213-0 .
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 100–01.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 228–30.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 236–41.
^ Khrushchev 2006 , pp. 167–68.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 114.
^ The New York Times , 1953-03-10 .
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 245.
^ "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" at Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 258.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 246–247.
^ Khrushchev 2006 , p. 184.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 121.
^ Khrushchev 2006 , p. 186.
^ Timothy K. Blauvelt, "Patronage and betrayal in the post-Stalin succession: The case of Kruglov and Serov" Communist & Post-Communist Studies (2008) 43#1 pp 105–20.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 123.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 125–26.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 259.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 263.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 174.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 260–264.
^ Fursenko 2006 , pp. 15–17.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 141–42.
^ Paul Marantz, "Internal Politics and Soviet Foreign Policy: A Case Study." Western Political Quarterly 28.1 (1975): 130–46. online
^ Fursenko 2006 , p. 27.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 266–69.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 275.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 276.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , pp. 279–80.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 153.
^ Khrushchev 2006 , p. 212.
^ The New York Times , 1956-05-06 .
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , pp. 286–91.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 282.
^ Khrushchev 2000 , p. 200.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 176–83.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 361–64.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tompson 1995 , p. 189.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 307.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 308.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 385.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 628.
^ Khrushchev speech, Los Angeles, 19 September 1959 . Youtube
^ Jump up to: a b Zubok 2007 , p. 175.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 172.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 174.
^ Zubok 2007 , pp. 174–75.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 525–28.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , pp. 257–60.
^ Neizvestny 1979 .
^ Jump up to: a b Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 41–42.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 198–99.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 154–57.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , p. 153.
^ Aaron Hale-Dorrell, "The Soviet Union, the United States, and Industrial Agriculture" Journal of World History (2015) 26#2 pp 295–324.
^ Lazar Volin, "Soviet agriculture under Khrushchev." American Economic Review 49.2 (1959): 15-32 online .
^ Lazar Volin, Khrushchev and the Soviet agricultural scene (U of California Press, 2020).
^ Aaron Hale-Dorrell, Corn Crusade: Khrushchev's Farming Revolution in the Post-Stalin Soviet Union (2019) PhD dissertation version .
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 205.
^ Stephen J. Frese, "Comrade Khrushchev and Farmer Garst: East-West Encounters Foster Agricultural Exchange." The History Teacher 38#1 (2004), pp. 37–65. online .
^ Carlson 2009 , pp. 205–06.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 373.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , p. 85.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 86–87.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 87–89.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 89–91.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 92–93.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 91–92.
^ David Joravsky, The Lysenko Affair (1970) pp 172–180.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 214–16.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 519–523.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 607.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 160–61.
^ Il'ia E. Zelenin, "N. S. Khrushchev's Agrarian Policy and Agriculture in the USSR." Russian Studies in History 50.3 (2011): 44-70.
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 221.
^ Khrushchev 2007 , p. 154.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , p. 108.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 192–93.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 193.
^ Jump up to: a b Kelly 2007 , p. 147.
^ Laurent 2009 .
^ Perrie 2006 , p. 488.
^ Daniel, Wallace L. (2009). "Father Aleksandr men and the struggle to recover Russia's heritage". Demokratizatsiya . 17 (1): 73–92. doi : 10.3200/DEMO.17.1.73-92 .
^ Letters from Moscow, Gleb Yakunin and Lev Regelson, Yakunin, Gleb; Regelson, Lev. "Religion and Human Rights in Russia" . Archived from the original on 16 August 2009 . Retrieved 18 June 2009 .
^ Pospielovsky 1987 , p. 83.
^ Chumachenko, Tatiana A. in Church and State in Soviet Russia: Russian Orthodoxy from World War II to the Khrushchev years . Edward E. Roslof (ed.). (ME Sharpe, 2002) p. 187. ISBN 9780765607492
^ Tchepournaya, Olga (2003). "The hidden sphere of religious searches in the Soviet Union: independent religious communities in Leningrad from the 1960s to the 1970s". Sociology of Religion . 64 (3): 377–388. doi : 10.2307/3712491 . JSTOR 3712491 .
^ Pospielovsky 1987 , p. 84.
^ Aleksandr Fursenko, and Timothy Naftali, ‘'Khrushchev's cold war: the inside story of an American adversary'’ (2006) pp 23-28.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 146.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 149.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 150.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 195–96.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 187, 217.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 127.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 216–17.
^ Zubok 2007 , pp. 183–84.
^ Campbell Craig and Sergey Radchenko , "MAD, not Marx: Khrushchev and the nuclear revolution." Journal of Strategic Studies (2018) 41#1/2:208-233.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 188.
^ Walter A. McDougall, "The Sputnik Challenge: Eisenhower's Response to the Soviet Satellite." Reviews in American History 21.4 (1993): 698-703.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 187.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 131.
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 247.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 421–22.
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 63.
^ Carlson 2009 , pp. 226–27.
^ Khrushchev speech, 19 September 1959 . Youtube
^ Carlson 2009 , pp. 155–59.
^ Khrushchev speech, Los Angeles, 19 September 1959 . Youtube
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 133.
^ Khrushchev 2000 , p. 334.
^ Theodore Otto Windt Jr., "The Rhetoric of Peaceful Coexistence: Khrushchev in America, 1959" Quarterly Journal of Speech (1971) 57#1 pp 11–22.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 211.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 218.
^ Hamilton, Martha (10 November 2000). "Gem of a Jeweler Faces a Final Cut" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 6 April 2019 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Tompson 1995 , pp. 219–20.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 223.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 224.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , p. 225.
^ UPI 1960 Year in Review .
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 441.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 469.
^ Carlson 2009 , pp. 265–66.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 230.
^ Carlson 2009 , pp. 284–86.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 139.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 232.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 233–35.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 235–36.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 248.
^ Fursenko 2006 , pp. 465–66.
^ Fursenko 2006 , pp. 469–72.
^ Life , 1962-11-09 .
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 145.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 575.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 148.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 579.
^ Kennedy 1963 .
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 602.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 604–05.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , pp. 166–68.
^ "Trzy dni października" . Dziennik Polski . 19 October 2001.
^ Michalczyk, Bartłomiej (7 June 2019). "1956: Sowieci idą na Warszawę!" .
^ Fursenko 2006 , p. 122.
^ Jump up to: a b Tompson 1995 , pp. 168–70.
^ Fursenko 2006 , pp. 123–24.
^ Fursenko 2006 , p. 125.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 427–28.
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 96.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 145–47.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 169.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 336.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 337.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 111.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 336–37.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 338.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 136.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 391.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 392.
^ Zubok 2007 , p. 137.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 394.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 470–71.
^ Hoxha, Enver (1976). Albania Challenges Khrushchev Revisionism . New York: Gamma Publishing Co. p. 119.
^ Jump up to: a b Taubman 2003 , p. 615.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 617.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 5.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 6.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 11–13.
^ "Vladimir Yefimovich Semichastny, spy chief, died on January 12th, aged 77" . The Economist (18 January 2001)
^ Mccauley, Martin (1995) The Khrushchev Era 1953–1964 . Longman. p. 81. ISBN 9780582277762
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 13.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 16.
^ "Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
^ William J. Tompson, "The Fall of Nikita Khrushchev." Soviet Studies 43.6 (1991): 1101-1121 online .
^ Lazar Volin, Khrushchev and the Soviet agricultural scene (2020).
^ Tompson 1997. pp. 272–275
^ Roy Medvedev, Khrushchev: A Biography (1983) pp 237–244, evaluates the 15 allegations that were unanimously adopted.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 16–17.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 622–23.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 278.
^ Taubman 2003 , p. 623.
^ Taubman 2003 , pp. 623–24.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 279.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 280.
^ Wehner, Markus (1996). "Chruschtschows letzter Kampf: Der ehemalige Parteiführer vor dem Kontrollkomitee der KPdSU" . Osteuropa . 46 (7): A325–A333. ISSN 0030-6428 . JSTOR 44919697 – via JSTOR .
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 280–81.
^ Shabad 1970 .
^ "Khrushchev, Nikita" . The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). The Gale Group, Inc. 1970–1979 . Retrieved 24 August 2022 – via TheFreeDictionary.com.
^ "Obituary: Alexei Adzhubei" . The Independent . 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022.
^ Tompson 1995 , p. 281.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 282–83.
^ Carlson 2009 , p. 299.
^ Schwartz 1971 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , pp. 180–82.
^ Service, Robert (1997) A History of Twentieth-Century Russia . Harvard UP. p. 375. ISBN 9780713991482 .
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , p. 128.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , p. 185.
^ Medvedev & Medvedev 1978 , p. 184.
^ Fursenko 2006 , p. 544.
^ Jump up to: a b c Taubman 2003 , p. 650.
^ Tompson 1995 , pp. 283–84.
Print [ edit ]
Birch, Douglas (2 August 2008), "Khrushchev kin allege family honor slurred" , USA Today , retrieved 14 August 2009
Brown, Archie (2009), The Rise and Fall of Communism , HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 978-0-06-113882-9
Carlson, Peter (2009), K Blows Top: A Cold War Comic Interlude Starring Nikita Khrushchev, America's Most Unlikely Tourist , PublicAffairs, ISBN 978-1-58648-497-2
Laurent, Coumel (2009), "The scientist, the pedagogue, and the Party official: Interest groups, public opinion, and decision-making in the 1958 education reform" , in Ilič, Melanie; Smith, Jeremy (eds.), Soviet state and society under Nikita Khrushchev , Taylor & Francis, pp. 66–85, ISBN 978-0-415-47649-2
Fursenko, Aleksandr (2006), Khrushchev's Cold War , W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN 978-0-393-05809-3
Hale-Dorrell, Aaron. Corn Crusade: Khrushchev's Farming Revolution in the Post-Stalin Soviet Union (2019) PhD dissertation version
Kelly, Catriona (2007), Children's world: growing up in Russia, 1890–1991 , Yale University Press, p. 147 , ISBN 978-0-300-11226-9
Khrushchev, Nikita (2004), Khrushchev, Sergei (ed.), Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, Volume 1: Commissar , The Pennsylvania State University Press, ISBN 978-0-271-02332-8
Khrushchev, Nikita (2006), Khrushchev, Sergei (ed.), Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, Volume 2: Reformer , The Pennsylvania State University Press, ISBN 978-0-271-02861-3
Khrushchev, Nikita (2007), Khrushchev, Sergei (ed.), Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, Volume 3: Statesman , The Pennsylvania State University Press, ISBN 978-0-271-02935-1
Khrushchev, Sergei (2000), Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower , The Pennsylvania State University Press, ISBN 978-0-271-01927-7
Medvedev, Roy; Medvedev, Zhores (1978), Khrushchev: The Years in Power , W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN 978-0231039390
Perrie, Maureen (2006), The Cambridge History of Russia: The twentieth century , Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-81144-6
Pospielovsky, Dimitry V. (1987), "A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer", A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies , vol. 1, New York: St Martin's Press, ISBN 978-0333423264
Schwartz, Harry (12 September 1971), "We know now that he was a giant among men" , The New York Times , archived from the original on 6 June 2011 , retrieved 25 September 2009 (fee for article)
Shabad, Theodore (24 November 1970), " Izvestia likens 'memoirs' to forgeries" , The New York Times , retrieved 25 September 2009 (fee for article)
Taubman, William (2003), Khrushchev: The Man and His Era , W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN 978-0-393-32484-6
Tompson, William J. (1995), Khrushchev: A Political Life , St. Martin's Press, ISBN 978-0-312-12365-9
Volin, Lazar. Khrushchev and the Soviet agricultural scene (U of California Press, 2020).
Volin, Lazar. "Soviet agriculture under Khrushchev." American Economic Review 49.2 (1959): 15-32 online .
Whitman, Alden (12 September 1971), "Khrushchev's human dimensions brought him to power and to his downfall" , The New York Times , retrieved 25 September 2009 (fee for article), free version
Zhuravlev, V. V. "NS Khrushchev: A Leader's Self-Identification as a Political Actor." Russian Studies in History 42.4 (2004): 70–79, on his Memoirs
Zubok, Vladislav (2007), A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev , University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 978-0-8078-5958-2
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