Little Boy

Little Boy




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Little Pepper Busbee (Jakob Salvati) enjoys an idyllic life in an American small town, but his world is shattered when his beloved father (Michael Rapaport) is sent off to fight in World War II. But a chance encounter with a stage magician (Ben Chaplin) awakens his dormant abilities and clues him into the power of faith. Now his devotion to his father will extend past time and space and into the realm of miracles..
Rated PG-13 for some mature thematic material and violence
The earthquake in the movie really happened in real life in Los Angeles three months before the bomb detonation in Hiroshima.
After saying goodbye to his family, James Busbee breaks the handle of his suitcase, in the next scene while getting up the suitcase handle is still intact.
Happy Days Are Here Again Music by Milton Ager (ASCAP), Lyrics by Jack Yellen (ASCAP) Performed by Johnny Marvin and His Orchestra, Courtesy of RCA Records Label by arrangement with Sony Music Licensing Used by permission. All rights controlled & administered by EMI Robbins Catalog Inc. and Advanced Music Corp (ASCAP)
"Little boy. Believe the impossible"
I was captivated by the acting, as well as the cinematography and special effects contained on this great production. I'm glad to see that the filmmakers and actors are bringing this kind of messages to the world through art reminding us that love is the force that brings us all together and that's the path to follow as humanity. I loved Eduardo Verástegui's performance by showing Little Boy the importance of faith. It made me think about how we must have the strength to defend the truth even when some people don't see it. It also made me remember that if we have the courage to go the right way and follow our goals or dreams, based on good intentions, God will give us what we need to get trough difficulties. Not only is it a very entertaining movie with a deep emotional content, but it is also an example of kindness and compassion, great job on bringing all together. The film made me cry, laugh and feel identified at some point with the characters. It takes you on an exciting emotional roller coaster with a beautiful message at the end that will take your breath away.
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An eight-year-old boy is willing to do whatever it takes to end World War II so he can bring his father home. The story reveals the indescribable love a father has for his little boy and the... Read all An eight-year-old boy is willing to do whatever it takes to end World War II so he can bring his father home. The story reveals the indescribable love a father has for his little boy and the love a son has for his father. An eight-year-old boy is willing to do whatever it takes to end World War II so he can bring his father home. The story reveals the indescribable love a father has for his little boy and the love a son has for his father.
James Busbee : Do you believe you can do this?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima. For other uses, see Little Boy (disambiguation) .
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^ Serber & Crease 1998 , p. 104.

^ Hansen 1995 , p. V-105.

^ Jones 1985 , p. 9.

^ Jones 1985 , p. 138.

^ Jones 1985 , p. 143.

^ Jones 1985 , pp. 64–65.

^ Rhodes 1995 , pp. 160–161.

^ "The Sensational Surrender of Four Nazi U-boats at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard" . New England Historical Society. 15 May 2015 . Retrieved 19 September 2018 .

^ Hoddeson et al. 1993 , p. 228.

^ Hoddeson et al. 1993 , pp. 245–249.

^ Rhodes 1986 , p. 541.

^ Hoddeson et al. 1993 , p. 257.

^ Hoddeson et al. 1993 , p. 262.

^ Nichols 1987 , pp. 175–176.

^ Jump up to: a b c Hoddeson et al. 1993 , p. 265.

^ Coster-Mullen 2012 , p. 30.

^ Hansen 1995 , pp. 111–112.

^ Hoddeson et al. 1993 , p. 293.

^ Jump up to: a b Hansen 1995 , p. 113.

^ Hoddeson et al. 1993 , p. 333.

^ Gosling 1999 , p. 51.

^ Jump up to: a b Coster-Mullen 2012 , p. 18.

^ Coster-Mullen 2012 , p. 27.

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , p. 12.

^ Sublette, Carey. "Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions, Section 8.0: The First Nuclear Weapons" . Retrieved 29 August 2013 .

^ Coster-Mullen 2012 , pp. 18–19, 27.

^ Bernstein 2007 , p. 133.

^ Hoddeson et al. 1993 , pp. 263–265.

^ Jump up to: a b Samuels 2008 .

^ Jump up to: a b Coster-Mullen 2012 , pp. 23–24.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Hansen 1995a , pp. 2–5.

^ Campbell 2005 , pp. 46, 80.

^ Coster-Mullen 2012 , pp. 100–101.

^ Coster-Mullen 2012 , pp. 34–35.

^ The Manhattan Engineer District (29 June 1946). "The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" . Project Gutenberg (Public Domain). p. 3.

^ Alan Axelrod (6 May 2008). The Real History of World War II: A New Look at the Past . Sterling. p. 350 .

^ Jump up to: a b Hoddeson et al. 1993 , p. 393.

^ Malik 1985 , pp. 18–20.

^ Malik 1985 , p. 21.

^ Jump up to: a b c Malik 1985 , p. 1.

^ Coster-Mullen 2012 , pp. 86–87.

^ Malik 1985 , p. 16.

^ Groves 1962 , p. 267, "To enable us to assess accurately the effects of the [nuclear] bomb, the targets should not have been previously damaged by air raids." Four cities were chosen, including Hiroshima and Kyoto. War Secretary Stimson vetoed Kyoto, and Nagasaki was substituted. p. 275, "When our target cities were first selected, an order was sent to the Army Air Force in Guam not to bomb them without special authority from the War Department.".

^ Glasstone 1962 , p. 629.

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , p. Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer.

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , p. 1.

^ Diacon 1984 , p. 18.

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , pp. 300, 301.

^ The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946 , p. 14.

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , p. 179.

^ Nuclear Weapon Thermal Effects 1998 .

^ Human Shadow Etched in Stone .

^ Jump up to: a b Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , pp. 300–304.

^ D'Olier 1946 , pp. 22–25.

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , p. 304.

^ The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946 , pp. 21–23.

^ Jump up to: a b The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946 , p. 21.

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , p. 409 "An air burst, by definition, is one taking place at such a height above the earth that no appreciable quantities of surface material are taken up into the fireball. ... the deposition of early fallout from an air burst will generally not be significant. An air burst, however, may produce some induced radioactive contamination in the general vicinity of ground zero as a result of neutron capture by elements in the soil." p. 36, "at Hiroshima ... injuries due to fallout were completely absent.".

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , pp. Chapter VIII and the 'Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer'.

^ Wellerstein, Alex. "NUKEMAP" . nuclearsecrecy.com . Alex Wellerstein . Retrieved 28 July 2021 .

^ Glasstone & Dolan 1977 , pp. 545, 546.

^ Richardson RR 2009 .

^ "The ongoing research into the effects of radiation" . Radio Netherlands Archives. 31 July 2005 . Retrieved 16 December 2018 .

^ Genetic Effects .

^ Izumi BJC 2003 .

^ Izumi IJC 2003 .

^ Jump up to: a b D'Olier 1946 , p. 24.

^ Jump up to: a b Coster-Mullen 2012 , p. 85.

^ Jump up to: a b Abrahamson & Carew 2002 , pp. 41–42.

^ Hansen 1995 , pp. 116–118.

^ Hansen 1995 , p. 3.

^ "Chart of Strategic Nuclear Bombs" . strategic-air-command.com.



Abrahamson, James L.; Carew, Paul H. (2002). Vanguard of American Atomic Deterrence . Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97819-2 . OCLC 49859889 .
"The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" (PDF) . The Manhattan Engineer District. 29 June 1946. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2012 . Retrieved 6 November 2013 . This report can also be found here and here .
Bernstein, Jeremy (2007). Nuclear Weapons: What You Need to Know . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88408-2 .
Campbell, Richard H. (2005). The Silverplate Bombers: A History and Registry of the Enola Gay and Other B-29s Configured to Carry Atomic Bombs . Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-2139-8 . OCLC 58554961 .
Coster-Mullen, John (2012). Atom Bombs: The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man . Waukesha, Wisconsin: J. Coster-Mullen. OCLC 298514167 .
Diacon, Diane (1984). Residential Housing and Nuclear Attack . London: Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-0868-5 .
D'Olier, Franklin , ed. (1946). United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report (Pacific War) . Washington: United States Government Printing Office . Retrieved 6 November 2013 . This report can also be found here .
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Glasstone, Samuel (1962). The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Revised Edition . United States: United States Department of Defense and United States Atomic Energy Commission. ISBN 978-1258793555 .
Glasstone, Samuel ; Dolan, Philip J. (1977). The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Third Edition . United States: United States Department of Defense and United States Department of Energy. ISBN 978-1603220163 .
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Hansen, Chuck (1995a). Volume VII: The Development of US Nuclear Weapons . Swords of Armageddon: US Nuclear Weapons Development since 1945. Sunnyvale, California: Chuckelea Publications. ISBN 978-0-9791915-7-2 . OCLC 231585284 .
Hoddeson, Lillian ; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; Westfall, Catherine L. (1993). Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945 . New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44132-3 . OCLC 26764320 .
"Human Shadow Etched in Stone" . Photographic Display . Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum . Retrieved 6 November 2013 .
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" Little Boy " was the codename for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II . It was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare. The bomb was dropped by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. , commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces and Captain Robert A. Lewis . It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ) and caused widespread death and destruction throughout the city. The Hiroshima bombing was the second man-made nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity nuclear test .

Little Boy was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch 's group at the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II, a reworking of their unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb. Like Thin Man, it was a gun-type fission weapon , but it derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium-235 , whereas Thin Man was based on fission of plutonium-239 . Fission was accomplished by shooting a hollow cylinder (the "bullet") onto a solid cylinder of the same material (the "target") by means of a charge of nitrocellulose propellant powder. It contained 64 kg (141 lb) of highly enriched uranium , although less than a kilogram underwent nuclear fission. Its components were fabricated at three different plants so that no one would have a copy of the complete design.

After the war ended, it was not expected that the inefficient Little Boy design would ever again be required, and many plans and diagrams were destroyed. However, by mid-1946, the Hanford Site reactors began suffering badly from the Wigner effect , the dislocation of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation, and plutonium became scarce, so six Little Boy assemblies were produced at Sandia Base . The Navy Bureau of Ordnance built another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft which could be launched from the Midway-class aircraft carriers . All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951.

Physicist Robert Serber named the first two atomic bomb designs during World War II based on their shapes: Thin Man and Fat Man . The "Thin Man" was a long, thin device and its name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies about The Thin Man . The "Fat Man" was round and fat so it was named after Kasper Gutman, a rotund character in Hammett's 1930 novel The Maltese Falcon , played by Sydney Greenstreet in the 1941 film version . Little Boy was named by others as an allusion to Thin Man since it was based on its design. [1]

Because uranium-235 was known to be fissionable, it was the first material pursued in the approach to bomb development. As the first design developed (as well as the first deployed for combat), it is sometimes known as the Mark I. [2] The vast majority of the work came in the form of the isotope enrichment of the uranium necessary for the weapon, since uranium-235 makes up only 1 part in 140 of natural uranium . [3] Enrichment was performed at Oak Ridge, Tennessee , where the electromagnetic separation plant, known as Y-12 , became fully operational in March 1944. [4] The first shipments of highly enriched uranium were sent to the Los Alamos Laboratory in June 1944. [5]

Most of the uranium necessary for the production of the bomb came from the Shinkolobwe mine and was made available thanks to the foresight of the CEO of the High Katanga Mining Union , Edgar Sengier , who had 1,200 short tons (1,100 t ) of uranium ore transported to a New York warehouse in 1940. [6] At least part of the 1,200 short tons (1,100 t) in addition to the uranium ore and uranium oxide captured by the Alsos Mission in 1944 and 1945 went to Oak Ridge for enrichment, [7] as did 1,232 pounds (559 kg) of uranium oxide captured on the Japan-bound German submarine U-234 after Germany's surrender in May 1945. [8]

Little Boy was a simplification of Thin Man, the previous gun-type fission weapon design. Thin Man, 17 feet (5.2 m) long, was designed to use plutonium, so it was also more than capable of using enriched uranium. The Thin Man design was abandoned after experiments by Emilio G. Segrè and his P-5 Group at Los Alamos on the newly reactor-produced plutonium from Oak Ridge and the Hanford site showed that it contained impurities in the form of the isotope plutonium-240 . This has a far higher spontaneous fission rate and radioactivity than the cyclotron -produced plutonium on which the original measurements had been made, and its inclusion in reactor-bred plutonium (needed for bomb-making due to the quantities required) appeared unavoidable. This meant that the background fission rate of the plutonium was so high that it would be highly likely the plutonium would predetonate and blow itself apart in the initial forming of a critical mass. [9]

In July 1944, almost all research at Los Alamos was redirected to the implosion-type plutonium weapon. Overall responsibility for the uranium gun-type weapon was assigned to
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