Lesson 02 Introduction to Microcontroller PDF 077be00c
Lesson 02 Introduction to Microcontroller
Lesson02IntroductiontoMicrocontroller1OverviewBeforeweintroducethedetailsofthehardwareandsoftwareusedinthisclassitisimportanttogiveyouanoverviewofhowaprocessorworksThislessonwillprovideaninformationbridgethatconnectstheknowledgeyoulearnedfromtheDigitalLogicDesignclassandwhatyouwillbelearningfromthisclassWewillbeginbyintroducingaverysimpleprocessorWethenbrieflydiscusstheARMCortexM3processorwhichwillbeusedinthisclassWeconcludethislessonwithanintroductiontotheactualhardwareusedinthelaboratoryexercises2ASimpleProcessorTogiveyouanideaofhowaprocessormightworkletsconsideraverysimpledigitalcircuitthatyoucandesignandimplementintheDigitalLogicDesignclassA_out30cinopcode30load_Aload_BB_out30InputsignalsforthisprocessorincludeOutputsignalsforthisprocessorincludeeTheALUcanperformthefollowingoperationsoperandsabcinoutputyOpcodeALUOperation0000ynota0001ynotb0010yaandb0011yaorb0100yanandb0101yanorb0110yaxorbO111yaxnorb1000ya1001yb1010yatl1011yb11100ya11101yb11110yatb1111yatbcinNowletsexaminehowtousethisprocessortoperformdifferentoperationsYoushouldrecognizethattheALUcanonlyperformlogicalandarithmeticoperationsonvaluesstoredinregisterAregAandregisterBregBSoinordertoutilizetheALUdatamustbeloadedintooneorbothoftheseregistersThistypeofprocessorisknownasloadandstoreprocessorForexamplesupposewewanttoutilizetheprocessortocomputeA53resultisstoredinregisterAAlthoughtheALUdoesnotdirectlysupportbinarysubtractionwecanstillachievethistaskbyusingacombinationofoperationsSpecificallytheprocessorcanperformLetuscompletethetablebelowtoprovidetherequiredinputstotheprocessorinordertoachievethiscomputationCycleXselload_Aload_BcinopcodeoperationInstructionSoforoursimpleprocessorwecanachieveAABoperationwithin4clockcyclesToproducethecorrectresultalltheinputsignalsXselload_Aload_BcinandopcodemustbeinsertedattherighttimeInsteadofmemorizingtheexactsequenceofinputsignalsletsgiveaninstructionnametoeachoperationForexampleduringcycle15isloadedintoregisterALetsrepresentthisoperationwithaninstructionnamedLDAloadintoregisterAwhererepresentsany4bitnumberSimilarlyduringcycle23isloadedintoregisterBLetsrepresentthisoperationwithaninstructionnamedLDBloadintoregister
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