Lesbian Insect

Lesbian Insect




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Lesbian Insect
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sexual behavior among non-human species that is interpreted as homosexual
For homosexuality in humans, see Homosexuality .
Further information: Penguin § Behaviour

the grey-headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus )
the Bonin flying fox ( Pteropus pselaphon ) [75]
the Indian flying fox ( Pteropus giganteus )
Rafinesque's big-eared bat ( Corynorhinus rafinesquii )
the common bent-wing bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii )
the serotine bat ( Eptesicus serotinus )
Bechstein's bat ( Myotis bechsteinii )
the long-fingered bat ( Myotis capaccinii )
Daubenton's bat ( Myotis daubentonii )
the little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus )
the greater mouse-eared bat ( Myotis myotis )
the whiskered bat ( Myotis mystacinus )
Natterer's bat ( Myotis nattereri )
the common noctule ( Nyctalus noctula )
Leisler's bat ( Nyctalus leisleri )
the common pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus )
the brown long-eared bat ( Plecotus auritus )
the barbastelle ( Barbastella barbastellus )
the greater horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum )
the lesser horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus hipposideros )
Further information: Elephant § Mating
Further information: Giraffe § Necking
Olympic marmot (left) and hoary marmot (right).


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^ Bagemihl B (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity (Stone Wall Inn ed.). New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312253776 . Homosexual behavior occurs in more than 450 different kinds of animals worldwide, and is found in every major geographic region and every major animal group.

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^ The first known use of the word Homoseksuäl is found in Benkert Kertbeny, K. M. (1869): Paragraph 143 des Preussichen Strafgesetzebuches vom 14/4-1851 und seine Aufrechterhaltung als Paragraph 152 im Entwurf eines Strafgesetzbuches fur den Norddeutschen Bundes , Leipzig, 1869. Reprinted in Jahrbuch fur sexuelle Zwischenstufen 7 (1905), pp. 1–66

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^ Joan Roughgarden , Evolutions rainbow: Diversity, gender and sexuality in nature and people , University of California Press , Berkeley, 2004; pp. 13–183

^ Vasey PL (1995). "Homosexual behaviour in primates: A review of evidence and theory". International Journal of Primatology . 16 (2): 173–204. doi : 10.1007/bf02735477 . S2CID 26021360 .

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^ Bagemihl B (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity . New York: St. Martin's Press.

^ Jump up to: a b Bagemihl B (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity . New York, New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 164 .

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^ Joan Roughgarden , Evolution's rainbow: Diversity, gender and sexuality in nature and people , University of California Press , Berkeley, 2004

^ "1,500 Animal Species Practice Homosexuality" . News-medical.net. 2006-10-23. Archived from the original on May 28, 2007 . Retrieved 2007-09-10 .

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^ Thierry Lodé La guerre des sexes chez les animaux Eds O Jacb, Paris, 2006, ISBN 2-7381-1901-8

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^ Jump up to: a b c Bagemihl B (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity . St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312253776 .

^ Savolainen, Vincent (2016). "Evolution of Homosexuality". Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science . Springer Link . Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. pp. 1–8. doi : 10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3403-1 . ISBN 978-3-319-16999-6 . S2CID 220448278 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Adler T (4 Jan 1997). "Animal's Fancies". Society for Science and the Public . 151 (1): 8–9. doi : 10.2307/3980720 . JSTOR 3980720 .

^ Bagemihl B (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity . New York, New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 164 .

^ Moore M (2010-07-08). "Female mice 'can be turned lesbian by deleting gene' " . The Telegraph . London. Archived from the original on 2010-07-10 . Retrieved 2010-11-17 .

^ Park D, Choi D, Lee J, Lim DS, Park C (July 2010). "Male-like sexual behavior of female mouse lacking fucose mutarotase" . BMC Genetics . BioMed Central. 11 : 62. doi : 10.1186/1471-2156-11-62 . PMC 2912782 . PMID 20609214 .

^ Terry J (2000). " 'Unnatural Acts' in Nature: The Scientific Fascination with Queer Animals". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies . 6 (2): 151–193. doi : 10.1215/10642684-6-2-151 . S2CID 145504677 .

^ "Sexual preference chemical found in mice" . BBC News . 2011-03-23 . Retrieved 2011-03-24 .

^ Liu Y, Jiang Y, Si Y, Kim JY, Chen ZF, Rao Y (April 2011). "Molecular regulation of sexual preference revealed by genetic studies of 5-HT in the brains of male mice" . Nature . 472 (7341): 95–9. Bibcode : 2011Natur.472...95L . doi : 10.1038/nature09822 . PMC 4094133 . PMID 21441904 .

^ Zuk M (22 November 2011). "Same-sex insects: what do bees-or at least flies-have to tell us about homosexuality?" . Natural History . 119 (10): 22.

^ Braithwaite, L.Wayne. "Ecological studies of the black swan" . Australian Wildlife Research. hdl : 102.100.100/292286 . Retrieved 3 December 2021 .

^ MacFarlane, Geoff (2010). "Homosexual behaviour in birds: frequency of expression is related to parental care disparity between the sexes" . Animal Behaviour . 80 (3): 375–390. doi : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.009 . S2CID 53148085 . Retrieved 3 December 2021 .

^ Monk, Julia (2019). "An alternative hypothesis for the evolution of same-sex sexual behaviour in animals" . Nature Ecology & Evolution . 3 (12): 1622–1631. doi : 10.1038/s41559-019-1019-7 . PMID 31740842 . S2CID 208144026 . Retrieved 3 December 2021 .

^ Bagemihl 1999, pp. 487–491.

^ "Oslo gay animal show draws crowds" . BBC News . 19 October 2006 . Retrieved 2009-06-15 .

^ Young LC, Zaun BJ, Vanderwerf EA (August 2008). "Successful same-sex pairing in Laysan albatross" . Biology Letters . 4 (4): 323–5. doi : 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0191 . PMC 2610150 . PMID 18505710 .

^ Frost, Natasha (2021-11-29). "Climate Change Is Driving Some Albatrosses to 'Divorce,' Study Finds" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-11-29 .

^ "Climate crisis pushes albatross 'divorce' rates higher – study" . the Guardian . 2021-11-24 . Retrieved 2021-11-29 .

^ Lite, Jordan. "Gay ducks derail repopulation plan" . Scientific American Blog Network . Retrieved 2021-12-04 .

^ Milton J (1 December 2010). "Mercury causes homosexuality in male ibises". Nature . doi : 10.1038/news.2010.641 .

^ Frederick P, Jayasena N (June 2011). "Altered pairing behaviour and reproductive success in white ibises exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of methylmercury" . Proceedings. Biological Sciences . 278 (1713): 1851–7. doi : 10.1098/rspb.2010.2189 . PMC 3097836 . PMID 21123262 .

^ Moeliker CW (9 November 2001). "The First Case of Homosexual Necrophilia in the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (Aves: Anatidae)" (PDF) . Deinsea . 8 (2001): 243–247 . Retrieved 6 October 2014 .

^ "Unearthed study on 'sexual depravity' in penguins" . abc.net.au . 10 June 2012 . Retrieved 25 March 2018 .

^ Russell, Douglas G. D.; Sladen, William J. L.; Ainley, David G. (2012). "Dr. George Murray Levick (1876–1956): unpublished notes on the sexual habits of the Adélie penguin". Polar Record . 48 (4): 387–393. doi : 10.1017/S0032247412000216 . S2CID 146584734 .

^ "They're in love. They're gay. They're penguins... And they're not alone" . Columbia University . Columbia News Service. June 10, 2002. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009.

^ "Central Park Zoo's gay penguins ignite debate" , 2002-02-07, San Francisco Chronicle

^ "Denmark's Gay Penguins Become Fathers" . Huffington Post . November 11, 2012.

^ "Gay Penguins Become Dads" . BuzzFeed . November 9, 2012.

^ "Cold Shoulder for Swedish Seductresses | Germany" . Deutsche Welle. 2005-02-10 . Retrieved 2010-11-17 .

^ "Gay penguin couple adopts abandoned egg in German zoo" . CBC News. 2009-06-05.

^ "Ananova Article on "Tempting Gay Penguins Straight" " . Ananova.com . Retrieved 2010-11-17 .

^ "Followup Ananova Article on German authorities stopping trying to change the penguins' sexual orientation, after GLBTQI organizations protest" . Ananova.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-08 . Retrieved 2010-11-17 .

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^ Jump up to: a b "Same-sex penguin pair pursue female partners" . CBC News. 2011-12-12.

^ Schuster R (December 19, 2013). "Lesbian Penguins Shack Up at Israeli Zoo" . The Jewish Daily Forward .

^ Wingham Wildlife Park

^ "Auckland's gay penguin couple prepare for special Christmas bundle of joy" . Newshub . Archived from the original on 2018-12-24 . Retrieved 2018-12-24 .

^ Silver E (2 August 1999). "Gay vulture couple raise surrogate chicks" . The Independent . London . Retrieved 2009-09-21 .

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^ "Gay vultures split up to go straight | Showbiz: Latest News | STV Entertainment" . Entertainment.stv.tv . Retrieved 2010-11-17 .

^ Jankowiak, Łukasz; Tryjanowski, Piotr; Hetmański, Tomasz; Skórka, Piotr (2018-01-26). "Experimentally evoked same-sex sexual behaviour in pigeons: better to be in a female-female pair than alone" . Scientific Reports . 8 (1): 1654. Bibcode : 2018NatSR...8.1654J . doi : 10.1038/s41598-018-20128-3 . ISSN 2045-2322 . PMC 5785962 . PMID 29374281 .

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^ Sylvestre, J.-P. (Some Observations on Behavior of Two Orinoco Dolphins (Inia geoffrensis humboldtiaba [Pilleri and Gihr 1977]), in Captivity, at Duisburg Zoo. Aquatic mammals no 11, pp. 58–65 article

^ Bagemihl B (May 2000). "Left-Handed Bears & Androgynous Cassowaries: Homosexual/transgendered animals and indigenous knowledge" . Whole Earth Magazine (archived by archive.org) . Archived from the original on August 15, 2000 . Retrieved 13 December 2013 .

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^ Havens A (2006). Dewey T, Shefferly N (eds.). "Myotis lucifugus" . Animal Diversity Web .

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^ Bagemihl 1999, pp. 427–430.

^ Coe MJ (1967). " "Necking" behavior in the giraffe". Journal of Zoology . 151 (3): 313–321. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1967.tb02117.x .

^ Bagemihl 1999, pp. 391–393.

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^ Barash DP (1973). "The Social Biology of the Olympic Marmot". Animal Behaviour Monographs . 6 (3): 171–245. doi : 10.1016/0003-3472(73)90002-X .

^ Barash DP (Feb 1974). "The social behaviour of the hoary marmot (Marmota caligata)". Anim. Behav . 22 (1): 256–61. doi : 10.1016/S0003-3472(74)80077-1 .

^ Bruce Bagemihl, Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity, St. Martin's Press, 1999; pp. 302–305. In his discussion of lion same-sex relations, Bagemihl is making use of published work by: J.B. Cooper, "An Exploratory Study on African Lions" in Comparative Psychology Monographs 17:1–48; R.L. Eaton, "The Biology and Social Behavior of Reproduction in the Lion" in Eaton, ed. The World's Cats, vol. II; pp.3–58; Seattle, 1974; G.B. Schaller, The Serengeti Lion ; University of Chicago Press, 1972

^ Srivastav S (15–31 December 2001). "Lion, Without Lioness" . TerraGreen: News to Save the Earth . Terragreen. Archived from the original on 14 September 2007 . Retrieved 2007-09-02 .

^ Thierry Lodé La guerre des sexes chez les animaux Eds O Jacob, Paris, 2006. ISBN 2-7381-1901-8

^ Elmér M, Nørgaard JP, Djurhuus JC, Adolfsson T (May 1988). "Terodiline in the treatment of diurnal enuresis in children" . Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care . 6 (2): 119–24. doi : 10.3109/02813438809009301 . PMID 3291041 .

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^ "Bonobo" . Columbus Zoo and Aquarium . Archived from the original on 17 August 2007.

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^ Laird C. "Social Organization" . bio.davidson.edu . Archived from the original on 19 May 2011.

^ Stanford CB (1998). "The social behavior of chimpanzees and bonobos". Current Anthropology . 39 (4): 399–407. doi : 10.1086/204757 . S2CID 8452514 .

^ Kano T (1992). The Last Ape: Pygmy Chimpanzee Behavior and Ecology . Stanford University Press . ISBN 9780804716123 .

^ de Waal FB (2001). "Bonobos and Fig Leaves". The Ape and the Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections by a Primatologist . Basic Books . ISBN 978-84-493-1325-7 .

^ Yamagiwa J (1987-01-01). "Intra- and inter-group interactions of an all-male group of virunga mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei)". Primates . 28 (1): 1–30. doi : 10.1007/BF02382180 . ISSN 1610-7365 . S2CID 24667667 .

^ Grueter CC, Stoinski TS (2016-05-11). "Homosexual Behavior in Female Mountain Gorillas: Reflection of Dominance, Affiliation, Reconciliation or Arousal?" . PLOS ONE . 11 (5): e0154185. Bibcode : 2016PLoSO..1154185G . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0154185 . PMC 4864209 . PMID 27167861 .

^ Bagemihl 1999, pp. 302–305.

^ Fox EA (November 2001). "Homosexual behavior in wild Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii)". American Journal of Primatology . 55 (3): 177–81. doi : 10.1002/ajp.1051 . PMID 11746281 . S2CID 21561581 .

^ Tiger L (1992). The Pursuit of Pleasure . Transaction Publishers. pp. 66ff. ISBN 978-0-7658-0696-3 .

^ Roselli CE, Stormshak F (May 2009). "The neurobiology of sexual partner preferences in rams" . Hormones and Behavior . 55 (5): 611–20. doi : 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.03.013 . PMC 2684522 . PMID 19446078 .

^ Jump up to: a b Roselli CE, Stormshak F (March 2009). "Prenatal programming of sexual partner preference: the ram model" . Journal of Neuroendocrinology . 21 (4): 359–64. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01828.x . PMC 2668810 . PMID 19207819 .

^ Perkins A, Fitzgerald JA, Price EO (July 1992). "Luteinizing hormone and testosterone response of sexually active and inactive rams" . Journal of Animal Science . 70 (7): 2086–93. doi : 10.2527/1992.7072086x . PMID 1
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