Legal Age Teenager Sex

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Legal Age Teenager Sex
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Age at which a person is considered legally able to consent to sex acts
Not to be confused with Marriageable age .


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^ Oxford English Dictionary , entry for "age of consent"

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^ Brewer, Holly (2012). By birth or consent: children, law, and the Anglo-American revolution in authority . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0807829509 . OCLC 958061287 .

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^ Delinquent Daughters: Policing and Protecting Adolescent Female Sexuality in the United States, 1885–1920. by Mary Odem. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0807863671 .

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^ The Emergence of a New Taboo: The Desexualization of Youth in Western Societies Since 1800. by Martin Killias. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research Vol.8 (2000). ISSN 0928-1371 .

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^ Mousavi, Shohreh; Shapiee, Rohimi; Nordin, Rohaida (30 June 2012). "Child offenders in Iran: Legal Analysis on the Age of Criminal Responsibility" (PDF) . Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 25 August 2015 .

^ Crawley, Heaven (May 2007). When is a child not a child? Asylum, age disputes and the process of age assessment (PDF) . ILPA . Immigration Law Practitioners' Association. p. 45. ISBN 978-1901833133 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2014 . Retrieved 8 June 2014 .

^ Larry W. Myers (1965). "Reasonable Mistake of Age: A Needed defense to Statutory Rape" . Michigan Law Review . The Michigan Law Review Association. 64 (1): 105–136. doi : 10.2307/1287118 . JSTOR 1287118 .

^ "قوانین جمهوری اسلامی کودک‌همسری را تشویق‌ می‌کند" [The laws of the Islamic Republic exhortation child marriage]. The Independent to Persian . 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022 . Retrieved 13 October 2022 . آیت‌الله خمینی در کتاب تحریر الوسیله می‌نویسد که «نزدیکی با زوجه قبل از تمام شدن نُه سال جایز نیست ـ نکاحش دائمی باشد یا منقطع ـ و اما سایر لذت‌ها مانند لمس نمودن با شهوت و بغل گرفتن و تفخیذ او (مالیدن آلت تناسلی به ران) حتی در شیرخوار مجاز است».

^ Khomeini, Ruhollah . Tahrir al-Wasilah (PDF) . Vol. 3. Translated by Naqavi, Ali Reza. pp. 442 and 443 . Retrieved 13 October 2022 . لا يجوز وطء الزوجة قبل إكمال تسع سنين، دوامة كان النكاح أو منقطعة، و أما سائر الاستمتاعات كاللمس بشهوة و الضم و التفخيذ فلا بأس بها حتى في الرضيع [Intercourse with a woman is not allowed unless she attains the age of nine years, regardless whether the marriage is permanent or temporary. There is, however, no objection in other enjoyments like touching lasciviously, hugging and rubbing the thighs, even with a suckling infant.]

^ "Canada's age of consent raised by 2 years" . CBC News. 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 20 March 2009 . Retrieved 22 March 2009 .

^ "RSC 1985, c C-46 | Criminal Code | CanLII" . CanLII . Retrieved 11 October 2022 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )

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^ "FINLEX ®—Translations of Finnish acts and decrees: 39/1889 English" . Finlex.fi. 29 May 2009 . Retrieved 14 January 2013 .

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^ "BBC News—UK—Q and A: The age of consent" . BBC News . 29 November 2000 . Retrieved 29 June 2015 .

^ "In respect of sexual conduct with a young person aged under 16, the bill [Crimes Amendment Bill (No 2) which became law in 2005 [2] significantly toughens the law. The loophole protecting women against being charged with sexual offending against children is removed". "Crimes Amendment Bill (No 2) — Second Reading, Instruction to Committee, In Committee" . parliament.nz . 12 April 2005. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015 . Retrieved 8 June 2015 .

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The age of consent is the age at which a person is considered to be legally competent to consent to sexual acts . Consequently, an adult who engages in sexual activity with a person younger than the age of consent is unable to legally claim that the sexual activity was consensual, and such sexual activity may be considered child sexual abuse or statutory rape . The person below the minimum age is considered the victim, and their sex partner the offender, although some jurisdictions provide exceptions through " Romeo and Juliet laws " if one or both participants are underage, and are close in age.

The term age of consent typically does not appear in legal statutes . [1] : 1–2 Generally, a law will establish the age below which it is illegal to engage in sexual activity with that person. It has sometimes been used with other meanings, such as the age at which a person becomes competent to consent to marriage , [2] but consent to sexual activity is the meaning now generally understood. It should not be confused with other laws regarding age minimums including, but not limited to, the age of majority , age of criminal responsibility , voting age , drinking age , and driving age .

Age of consent laws vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, [1] though most jurisdictions set the age of consent in the range 14 to 18. The laws may also vary by the type of sexual act, the gender of the participants or other considerations, such as involving a position of trust ; some jurisdictions may also make allowances for minors engaged in sexual acts with each other, rather than a single age. Charges and penalties resulting from a breach of these laws may range from a misdemeanor , such as corruption of a minor , to what is popularly called statutory rape .

There are many "grey areas" in this area of law, some regarding unspecific and untried legislation, others brought about by debates regarding changing societal attitudes, and others due to conflicts between federal and state laws. These factors all make age of consent an often confusing subject and a topic of highly charged debates. [1]

In traditional societies, the age of consent for a sexual union was a matter for the family to decide, or a tribal custom. In most cases, this coincided with signs of puberty , menstruation for a woman, and pubic hair for a man. [3]

Reliable data for ages at marriage is scarce. In England, for example, the only reliable data in the early modern period comes from property records made after death. Not only were the records relatively rare, but not all bothered to record the participants' ages, and it seems that the more complete the records are, the more likely they are to reveal young marriages. Modern historians have sometimes shown reluctance to accept evidence of young ages of marriage, dismissing it as a 'misreading' by a later copier of the records. [3]

In the 12th century, Gratian , the influential compiler of canon law in medieval Europe, accepted the age of puberty for marriage to be around twelve for girls and around fourteen for boys but acknowledged consent to be meaningful if both children were older than seven years of age. [4] There were authorities that said that such consent for entering marriage could take place earlier. Marriage would then be valid as long as neither of the two parties annulled the marital agreement before reaching puberty, or if they had already consummated the marriage. Judges sometimes honored marriages based on mutual consent at ages younger than seven: in contrast to established canon, there are recorded marriages of two- and three-year-olds. [3]

The first recorded age-of-consent law dates from 1275 in England; as part of its provisions on rape, the Statute of Westminster 1275 made it a misdemeanor to "ravish" a "maiden within age," whether with or without her consent. The phrase "within age" was later interpreted by jurist Sir Edward Coke (England, 17th century) as meaning the age of marriage, which at the time was twelve years of age. [5]

The American colonies followed the English tradition, and the law was more of a guide. For example, Mary Hathaway (Virginia, 1689) was only nine when she was married to William Williams. [6] Sir Edward Coke "made it clear that the marriage of girls under 12 was normal, and the age at which a girl who was a wife was eligible for a dower from her husband's estate was 9 even though her husband be only four years old." [3]

In 17th-century Spain an official legal document of the central council of the Inquisition of Madrid ( The Suprema ) written in 1614 stated that "adults" were then considered to be "women over twelve and men over fourteen". [7]

In the 16th century, a small number of Italian and German states set the minimum age for sexual intercourse for girls, setting it at twelve years. Towards the end of the 18th century, other European countries also began to enact similar laws. The first French Constitution of 1791 established the minimum age at eleven years. Portugal, Spain, Denmark and the Swiss cantons initially set the minimum age at ten to twelve years. [5]

Age of consent laws were historically difficult to follow and enforce. Legal norms based on age were not, in general, common until the 19th century, because clear proof of exact age and precise date of birth were often unavailable. [5]

In 18th century Australia it was thought that children were inherently sinful and vulnerable to sexual temptations. Punishment for "giving in" to these temptations was generally left to parents and was not seen as a government matter, except in the case of rape. [8] Australian children had few rights and were legally considered the chattel of their parents. [8] From the late 18th century, and especially in the 19th century, attitudes started to change. By the mid-19th century there was increased concern over child sexual abuse. [8]

A general shift in social and legal attitudes toward issues of sex occurred during the modern era. Attitudes on the appropriate age of permission for females to engage in sexual activity drifted toward adulthood. While ages from ten to thirteen years were typically regarded as acceptable ages for sexual consent in Western countries during the mid-19th century, [1] by the end of the 19th century changing attitudes towards sexuality and childhood resulted in the raising of the age of consent. [5]

English common law had traditionally set the age of consent within the range of ten to twelve years old, but the Offences Against the Person Act 1875 raised this to thirteen in Grea
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