Le Quartier Latin

Le Quartier Latin

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Géolocalisation sur la carte : Paris
Géolocalisation sur la carte : France

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Quartier latin .

Le Quartier latin se situe sur la rive gauche de la Seine à Paris dans le 5 e arrondissement et dans le nord et l'est du 6 e arrondissement , avec pour cœur historique la Sorbonne .

Traditionnellement Paris était divisé en trois zones : la cité, la ville, et l' université . Elles correspondaient à l' île de la Cité , la rive droite et la rive gauche [ 1 ] .

Au XVII e siècle , des auteurs se mettent à appeler plaisamment l'université le « pays latin », en raison de l'usage intensif du latin dans l'enseignement de l'époque. Ce terme existait déjà dans les livres d'histoire pour désigner le Latium [ 2 ] . Ils attribuent cette invention à l'écrivain Guez de Balzac ( 1597 - 1654 ) [ 1 ] , [ 3 ] , celui-ci emploie le terme par exemple dans le Socrate Chrétien [ 4 ] , où intervient « un homme du pays latin », pédant et vaniteux :

«
Cet homme ne parlait que de la pureté de la diction et de la noblesse du style. Il ne connaissait de véritable Rome que celle de l' ancienne république , et n'avouait pour légitimes Romains que Térence , Cicéron et deux ou trois autres. Tout le reste lui semblait barbare et à son avis, la barbarie avait commencé dès les premières années de l' empire des premiers césars. Sénèque était une de ses grandes aversions, le latin de Pline lui faisait mal au cœur, celui de Tacite lui donnait la migraine.
»

Les dictionnaires Furetière ( 1690 ) et Littré ( 1872 ) attestent du terme « pays latin », à l'entrée « latin ».

C'est à la fin du XVIII e siècle qu'apparaît « quartier latin » à la place de « pays latin » [ 5 ] . Le Littré accepte ce terme aussi.

Jusqu'en 1848 , le Quartier latin, également appelé « pays latin », était composé d'une partie des quatre quartiers [ 6 ] :

Le Quartier latin est l'un des quartiers de Paris les plus connus. Il s'étend sur les 5 e et 6 e arrondissements , avec pour cœur le quartier de la Sorbonne et la montagne Sainte-Geneviève à l'emplacement de la ville gallo-romaine de Lutèce qui s'étendait autour du forum situé sous l'actuelle rue Soufflot. Il est traversé par les « cardos de Paris » , axes nord-sud d'origine gallo-romaine correspondant aux actuels rue Saint-Jacques et boulevard Saint-Michel . Les axes perpendiculaires est-ouest, les decumanus correspondent notamment au boulevard Saint-Germain et à la rue des Écoles [ 7 ] .

C’est un quartier encore très fréquenté par les étudiants et professeurs, du fait de la présence de nombreux établissements d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche.

Plusieurs grandes écoles se sont également installées dans le quartier :

Le campus du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (MNHN) s'y trouve, École polytechnique y avait ses locaux jusqu'en 1976, l' ESSEC jusqu'en 1974 et l’ École des chartes jusqu'en 2014. La Faculté de médecine de Paris a siégé rue de l'École-de-Médecine de 1794 à 1970 . Ses locaux sont actuellement occupés par l'UFR de médecine de la faculté de santé de l'université Paris-Cité (côté pair de la rue et du côté impair, bâtiments jouxtant le cloître des Cordeliers) et par le campus des Cordeliers de la faculté de médecine de Sorbonne Université ( Couvent des Cordeliers ).

Le quartier compte également de nombreux collèges et lycées, souvent prestigieux et historiques : Louis-le-Grand , Fénelon , Henri-IV , Saint-Louis , Notre-Dame de Sion , Stanislas , École alsacienne , Montaigne , Lavoisier .

Dans les années 1960 et particulièrement lors des événements de mai 1968 , ce quartier a été l'un des centres névralgiques des divers mouvements de contestation.

Outre le CNRS et diverses autres institutions publiques et/ou privées, les Universités disposent de leurs propres laboratoires ou centres de recherche, souvent regroupés pour des raisons pratiques au sein d'instituts :

Le quartier comprend de nombreuses bibliothèques publiques, plusieurs cinémas d'art et d'essai , des théâtres, des cabarets à thème, de nombreuses maisons d'édition et des librairies spécialisées en littérature , sciences , histoire , médecine , politique , philosophie , droit , sciences humaines , quoi néanmoins se raréfient au profit du commerce électronique [ 8 ] :

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The Top 10 Things To Do And See In Le Quartier Latin
Medicis Fountain in Jardin du Luxembourg | ©Wally Gobetz/Flickr
Inspired by the Florentine garden Boboli, the ‘ Luco ,’ as Parisians call it, was created in 1612 and is characterized by both French and British styles. The gardens are quiet places to relax while admiring the surrounding 106 statues of famous figures. The park is home to one of Paris’ smallest, yet truly wonderful art museums. The Musée du Luxembourg often hosts free exhibits and concerts in its kiosk and is a perfect venue for the lazy days of summer. Additionally, a school of horticulture was opened in the gardens in order to offer free gardening workshops to Parisians, and its courses are led by professional gardeners.
If you are a history lover, The National Museum of the Middle Ages is a must-see. In this fifteenth-century hôtel particulier , you will find a large display of medieval paintings, sculptures and beautiful fragments of stained glass. The museum is home to ‘The Lady and the Unicorn’, one of the greatest works of art from Europe’s Middle Ages, consisting of a series of six tapestries woven from wool and silk. Be sure to take a look at the medieval garden featured here, as well as the remains of a roman bath that dates back to the first century.
The famous Chapel, symbol of La Sorbonne | © Thomas Favre-Bulle / Flickr
Located in Maubert Square, this market has an unusual story. The market as we know it dates back to 1920, but its ancestry goes all the way back to the 19 th century. Back then, it was called ‘marché aux mégots’ —literally the market of ‘cigarette ends’ —and the market was a place of reunion for the homeless. They used to gather cigarette ends in order to collect and sell their last bits of tobacco.
The ancient Arenas of the Gallo-Roman empire in Lutetia | ©georgemoga / Flickr
Shakespeare and Co is one of Paris’ most famous bookstores | © David McSpadden / Flickr
Shakespeare and Company | © jimmyweee / Wikimedia Commons
Shakepeare & Co. is one of the most famous English bookstores in Paris, and it’s located near Notre-Dame, the perfect spot for visitors to sit back and enjoy a public reading. Opened in 1951 by George Whitman in a 16 th century building that was originally a monastery, Shakespeare and Company exudes originality. Fun Fact: the library appears in Woody Allen’s movie ‘Midnight in Paris.’
Rue Mazarine in the 6th arrondissement of Paris I Wikicommons
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Le Quartier Latin, which translates to ‘the Latin Quarter,’ is named after the language used to teach in Parisian universities of the time. Historically, Le Quartier was a center of effervescent knowledge, host to a significant student population and witness to the capital’s lifestyle during the Antiquity and the Middle Ages . Learn more about that heritage below.
The building known as La Sorbonne gets its name from Robert de Sorbon, the man who founded the ‘Collège de la Sorbonne’— the department of theological studies —in 1257, as part of the University of Paris. Its chapel, located on the Sorbonne Square, is the university’s emblem, recognized as a historic monument to iconic student protests like those of May 1968, or the youth protests of 2006.
Located near the Museum of Natural History, The Grande Mosquée de Paris is exotic compared to other buildings in the area. Its construction, completed in 1926, was inspired by Hispano-Moresque styles. It is open to visitors every day except Fridays, and it offers a paradise of heat and spices; stop by to drink a delicious Moroccan tea and taste typical eastern sweets, all while smoking hookah at their café. If that’s not enough, the mosque also includes a restaurant that serves traditional Maghreb cuisine.
The Arenas of Lutece are among the last heritage sites of the Gallo-Roman era that remain visible in Paris. Built during the 1 st and 2 nd centuries, the Arenas could accommodate approximately 15,000 visitors. The Amphitheatre was once the site of Gladiator battles and other forms of Roman entertainment. Once forgotten, the Arenas were re-discovered in 1869.
49 rue de Monge, 75005 , Métro Place Monge ou Cardinal Lemoine
An ancient pedestrian street with antique shops and art galleries, the Passage St. André des Arts begins at Cour du Commerce-Saint-André, where several historical building façades make it a lovely spot for a romantic stroll. A short distance away, you can find the Café Procope, one of the oldest cafe-restaurant in the capital, where Voltaire and Diderot often went to seek inspiration.
A beautiful Gothic-style cathedral, the Église Saint Severin is one of the oldest parish churches on Paris’ Left Bank. Most of the actual building dates back to the 13 th and 15 th centuries, while its origins can be traced all the way to the 6 th century, when it was built atop the tomb of a pious hermit named Severin.
The Rue Mazarine is a must-see for art lovers everywhere. Here, you will find a large variety of art galleries, from the most experimental independent galleries to commercial or studio galleries, this is the perfect place to get in touch with your inner contemporary art lover.
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Paris - Neighborhoods and where to stay
One of the most interesting neighborhoods of Paris is Le Quartier Latin . Montmartre might be the most bohemian neighborhood of the city, but the Latin Quarter definitely is the most intellectual! The main reason of it is due to the fact that there are many prominent universities and schools in the area, such as the Sorbonne for instance. It is a very young neighborhood, due to the high number of students that study and hang out in the area.
Besides its famous schools and universities, you will find several medieval constructions and places full of history in the Quartier Latin, that are waiting for you to discover them! Both travelers and locals love this part of Paris, because it is so interesting. One learns a new thing about the area every single day!
Located in the left bank of Paris, and part of two arrondissements , the fifth and the sixth , you really should not miss this charming area while in Paris! As an introduction to the Latin Quarter, I’ve decided to share with you 5 things to learn from Le Quartier Latin !
A lot of people think the Quartier Latin got its name from the Romanic architecture of the neighborhood. Even some locals are not aware of the real origin of the name! The origin of the Quartier Latin name dates back from the Middle Ages! A lot of school were established in the area, and at that time, all classes were conducted entirely in Latin (until 1789)! All the students had to learn the language.
During the Middle Ages, one usually heard Latin in the streets. But things have definitely changed! Today, you will be able to hear many different languages, such as English, Spanish, Italian, German, among many others!
Paris was born in the left bank of the Seine about more than two thousand years ago. It was precisely born at Rue Saint Jacques in the fifth arrondissement , at the top of the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève . It is where the Roman surveyors settled their tools and started working on the project of a main axis of the city.
At the end of the first century, the long street formerly known as the “ cardo ” allowed the inhabitants to walk the whole city in twenty minutes. It was the main axis of Lutetia, the city that took only a few years to be built and founded on the left bank of the city and the City Island .
At the top of the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève in the left bank, there used to have the Forum , which was at the foot of the Pantheon . The Forum used to be the heart of the civic life. All the businesses of the city used to be dealt with at the Forum . It was the symbol of the Roman supremacy! It was both a public square and a sacred area. People used to come and pay tribute to the Emperor and the Gods. Unfortunately, this Forum no longer exists, but there are still a few traces of the Roman passage nowadays, such as the Thermes de Cluny , just behind the Musée de Cluny and the Arènes de Lutèce .
The city quickly evolved and, in the twelfth century, the clerics created the first university of France in 1215 in the left bank of Paris. Plenty of students came to the hill where numerous schools were opened during three centuries, such as the collège de Sorbon , the collège d’Harcourt which is now the lycée Saint-Louis , the collège de Coqueret , the collège des Ecossais , the collège de Clermont which is now the lycée Louis-Le-Grand , the collège Sainte-Barbe , the collège de Navarre and many others!
Le 6 mai 1968, rue Saint-Jacques à Paris. Photo AFP
On the night of May, 10th of 1968, more than twenty thousand students gathered in the Quartier Latin . They are appalled and barricades were organized. Police forces pressed against the demonstrators. Tear gas, Molotov cocktails, and paving stones were thrown. This night was a turning point for the events that agitated the capital for a week. But, what did cause these events?
In 1968, the France was presided by Charles de Gaulle for the last ten years. Economic growth slowed, unemployment increased, and society was too rigid for a youth that was eager to be emancipated.
At the University of Nanterre, the revolt erupted. Political extreme left groups emerged and denounced the consumer society, claimed the renovation of academic model, mitigated against the Vietnam War, which was a symbol of American Imperialism. Their goal was to reverse the established order.
During several nights of 1968 May, many violent confrontations took place between the Police forces and the students. On May, 13th, the unions called a strike and the workers took to the streets. Massive demonstrations happened all throughout the country of France. Workers demanded better work conditions and higher wages. The factories were occupied. In just a few days, France was paralysed by the most important strike action of its history. About ten millions of people took part in these protests.
These May 1968 protests only ended when Charles de Gaulle dissolved the National Assembly, regaining the trust of the French.
Le Quartier Latin. Camille Lacroix. 2011
All the city guides talk about the not-to-be-missed Quartier Latin in Paris! Tourists can walk the neighborhood from the Sorbonne University to the Saint Michel Fountain . They will find many hidden treasures along the way.
The Quartier Latin , kind of, is the headquarters of students since the Middle Ages! They enjoy strolling and hanging out in this quarter.
The history of the area is so rich. I’m pretty sure a walk in the Quartier Latin will be thoroughly inspiring to you. It breathes knowledge and curiosity. The majestic universities and high schools buildings, the students coming out of there, the libraries filled with locals, the Roman and Medieval details of the neighborhood will allow you to time travel and refocus on your main life goals. Also, don’t miss the opportunity to spend some time in a café or a terrace, talking about philosophy or discuss important issues with the locals! Awesome moments are guaranteed in the Quartier Latin!
My article now comes to an end! I hope you’ve enjoyed reading it. If you’d feel more comfortable visiting the Quartier Latin with a local guide, don’t hesitate to join our Latin Quarter walking tour ! It’s the opportunity to walk the area in the company of a Parisian that will show you all the best hidden places and tell you all about the h
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