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Special Mobile Force Destroying Cannabis Plants found near Port Louis – 1970s
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Chamarel became a part of Bel Ombre Sugar Estate in , when the company acquired the areas known as Nuage acres , Eden acres , St-Denis acres , and Jacoby acres , totalling the area to 4, acres under the same ownership. The evolution of Chamarel prior to this time period is similar to that of other areas of Mauritius: successive attempts at sugar production followed by diversified agricultural developments. However, its landscape lends it some unique features which have most likely greatly shaped the local culture and folklore. Indeed, Chamarel is similar to Bel Ombre in its geographic isolation. Situated slightly downward from the plateau of Plaine Champagne and cut off from the rest of the South by a series of mountain peaks, it was, along with Le Morne and the forests of Bel Ombre a prime spot of hiding for maroon slaves. This remoteness has also served as the grounds for the development of illicit activities such as alcohol and marijuana contraband. This past has created an aura around the village and fuelled many stories that swing between historical fact and myth. Chamarel gets its name from two Frenchmen named Toussaint-Antoine and Charles-Antoine de Chazal de Chamarel, who received a concession of land otherwise known as Le Nuage; the two men were respectively born in and in then Isle de France. The two Chamarel boys lost their father early on, and their story is similar to other Mauritian-born Frenchmen of the time: going back and forth between France and Isle de France, stints in the military and acquisitions and sales of land in order to ensure the prosperity of their family. After the French Revolution began, Charles Antoine de Chazal de Chamarel returned to Mauritius, and together with his brother inherited the lands known today as Chamarel from their stepfather, Mr. It has been reported that C. However, he did not adapt well to life in the colony, returned to France in and never returned. Eight years later, a sugar factory was installed on the property. In order to maintain the property, she had to sell plots of forest land and became indebted, borrowing money from the Ceylon Company while awaiting the repurchase of forest lands by the government. The production of coffee is intimately tied to the colonial history of Mauritius, beginning under the French. Coffee was first introduced under Labourdonnais and aimed to respond to the market demands of the time: coffee was becoming very much in demand in Europe along with indigo, cotton and sugar and possibilities to extend the market to the Middle East were being explored. This part of Mauritian history even gave the name to another village: Moka, which was chosen as a prime site for coffee cultivation due to its micro-climate. The variety of coffee plants introduced came from Mocha in modern-day Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, introduced by Guillaume Dufresne in In , 13 concessions of land had been granted in the Moka area for the production of coffee. Later around the s, Labourdonnais then discouraged the plantation of coffee as the world market price was declining, and coffee production was being consolidated in neighbouring Bourbon. The production of coffee continued nonetheless on the island during the French period, and gradually declined with the rise of the sugar industry. In , the Chamarel estate covered 2, acres out of which were under sugar cane production. Unfortunately, despite the renovation of the sugar factory in which required much effort to bring the machinery up to Chamarel, sugar yields were so low that production was discontinued a few years later. It is not until the late s, however, the Chamarel started coffee production anew and on a larger scale. The development of coffee production was helped by Mr. Coffee production has since remained a constant in the village for the past four decades. The coffee beans are collected by hand and are transported to Case Noyale, where they are soaked, fermented and dried. The sun and climate in Case Noyale provides an ideal climate for this purpose. After the drying period, they are finally roasted at degrees celsius for twenty minutes to produce the coffee that is sold on the market \[5\]. The history and culture of Chamarel is interspersed with legends and stories that give the village and area an aura of mysticism, but also ties it very closely to the history of slavery and maroonage on the island. The geographic location and topography of Chamarel is such that it was auspicious for runaway slaves. This in turn has fuelled a number of stories surrounding these times of oppression. Legend has it, that in an area known today as Madame Bell, resided a woman who owned slaves. It is said that the spirit of the slaves roam at night in the area along the pathways. Jean-Pierre Lenoir, whose family has close ties to Chamarel and author of Bel Ombre, entre mer et montagne has reported that, upon spending the night in a small cabin he shared with his wife that was built on one of these pathways, he was woken up in the middle of night by the sound of bells, coming from the forests that spread over several tens of kilometres up until Bel Ombre, and where there was no church. The confusion and fear was further augmented by his dog who started barking incessantly at the pathway until the bells stopped. The legend was confirmed by a villager and friend the next day \[7\]. As a place of resistance and maroonage, the valley and forests of Chamarel have aptly lent themselves to local Rastafarianism, a religion based party on the premise of Black resistance and pan-Africanism. The history and culture of Chamarel cannot be explored without mention of its culinary culture. Although the same culture is present throughout Mauritius, it has been gradually lost throughout the years. Although foraging has been a part of the culture of inhabitants in the hills of Chamarel for most of its history, the most recent period of severe hardship dates to World War II. During this time, villagers had to rely on their own farming and foraging for their subsistence. Since staples such as rice were not available, locals began planting maize, which were crushed using small hand-operated mills. Rosaline Boswell in Le Malaise Creole: Ethnic Identity in Mauritius recounts the story of Roland born in , who had to forage for roots and grass for the family pigs and chickens. In addition, fishing, hunting — and poaching in private game reserves — became a way for many to survive. Fish and crayfish found in rivers as well as wild boar, deer, tandracs or tanrec, bats and even monkeys at times along with maize became staples for survival. The culinary culture of Chamarel would not be complete without mention of Tilambik , a raw fermented sugar cane juice resulting in unrefined rum. Production of alcohol served as one of the first reasons for sugar cane cultivation on the island, and artisanal tilambik was deemed illegal, partly because of its high alcohol content. It has been said that most people on the West coast were involved in Tilambik production in one way or another. As it had to be hidden from authorities and from opportunists who might steal the brew; villagers collaborated to guard the brew while it cooled. Retailers were responsible for the bottling and transporters got a commission as well. Earlier last century, a bottle could be sold for Rs. It has been replaced today by refined rum, which visitors can taste in the Rhumerie de Chamarel. The origin of this exposed and wavy multi-coloured soil is debated but a few hypotheses have been put forward. The geological features have often been described as resulting from the erosion of volcanic ash rock, known as tuff. Some geologists dispute this claim, saying that it confuses erosion with weathering or alteration of the rock in place. Instead, it is likely that weathering of basalt itself as opposed to tuff is the process responsible for creating the formations. A resulting hypothesis is that this specific area was cleared by humans to grow crops or for other reasons and soon after a severe storm resulted into the complete removal of the top soil. Erosion of basalt results in clay. The climatic conditions of the area — hot and humid - have led to further transformation of the soil into ferralitic soil through hydrolysis the chemical breakdown of a compound through reaction with water. It has been said that even when one mixes all colour sections of the soil together, they would eventually separate. New Directions in Anthropology, Newsome and C. Sheth, C. Johnson and C. Back Chamarel. First agricultural developments It has been reported that C. Present-day production Coffee production has since remained a constant in the village for the past four decades. Madame Bell Legend has it, that in an area known today as Madame Bell, resided a woman who owned slaves. Rastafarianism As a place of resistance and maroonage, the valley and forests of Chamarel have aptly lent themselves to local Rastafarianism, a religion based party on the premise of Black resistance and pan-Africanism. Hardship and scarcity Although foraging has been a part of the culture of inhabitants in the hills of Chamarel for most of its history, the most recent period of severe hardship dates to World War II. Tilambik The culinary culture of Chamarel would not be complete without mention of Tilambik , a raw fermented sugar cane juice resulting in unrefined rum. Previous Next. Related Articles. Bel Ombre, a land of opportunity. Case Noyale. Plantation trades and workers.
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