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Latin Text

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a musical journey through the ages...
With each composition I listened carefully to try to make out what text was being sung, which was not always easy to do. Surprisingly, it appeared that not one text existed, for I found a number of variations.
It appears that two principal variations exist, with the main difference found in the 19th stanza, with completely different versions.
In the table below you will find the two basic versions. In the left column the one which is published in Analecta hymnica mediiaevi 1886-1922, 55 vols, A consolidation of the history and texts of hymns of the Catholic Church 500 – 1400, vol. 54, p.312 . In my comments on the compositions I will call this the “Analecta-version”.
In the right column I give the version that I think is official nowadays in the church. As far as I know this has become official since 1908. I will refer to it as the “Vatican-version”. The differences between the two I have emphasized by using italics. Though I have not yet been able to find out with absolute certainty what text of the Stabat Mater is the original one, strong indications can be found. For instance, it is interesting to notice that an alternative that is used in the Vatican version (the second line in stanza 17, Fac me cruce inebriari ), cannot be right: this line has a syllable more than the 8 syllables that are characteristic for this poem! Furthermore, the last words of stanzas 19 and 20 ( victoriae, gloria ) do not rhyme! The oldest reference to the deviating “Vatican” stanza 19 can be found in the 15th century manuscript Laurenziano Ashburnamiano.
An further indication that the “Analecta”-version could be the original poem can be found in the existence of a counterpart of the Stabat Mater Dolorosa, the Stabat Mater Speciosa . This poem has been found in a medieval handwriting, and it is clearly based on the “Analecta”-version.
In a little book from 1957 by P.Maximilianus O.F.M.Cap. (probably a Dutch catholic clergyman) called De Middelnederlandse Vertalingen van het Stabat Mater the author describes a study in which he examines seven mediaeval translations of the poem into Dutch, found in medieval manuscripts.
During this study he has met a number of deviating Latin stanzas (a.o. for the nrs. 10, 14, 16, 17 and 18) which can be found in the second colum of the table, within parentheses. He blames these on the bad work of copyists who tried to better the original.
He further states, that the German author C.Blume in his work Stimmen der Zeit (1915) after an extensive analysis of over 50 manuscripts, also concluded that the “Analecta”-version must be the original one.
The medieval English composers Ashwell, Brown, Cornysh and Davy all use a text that differs greatly from the original. The first 8 stanzas are the same, but the other 12 are replaced by 6 others, not only with a different content, but also with a different rhyme scheme (aaac, bbbc). These stanzas can be found below, after the original poem.
Finally, it is interesting to note that nowadays almost nobody pays any attention to the fact that in Latin the letter “J” does not exist! As I try to be as close to the original as possible, I have replaced every “J” with an “I”.
Now (February 2003) Martin Giles mails me that in Latin the letters “u” and “v” are the same. According to him, consistent would be to use “u” for lower case ( inuentus , in stead of inventus ) and “V” for upper case ( Vt , in stead of Ut ). He may be right, but I am not going to be as consistent as that, as it would change the “look” of the text completely!
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indo-European language of the Italic branch
For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation) .
Latin inscription, in the Colosseum of Rome , Italy
Antiquity: Roman schools of grammar/rhetoric [1] Today: Pontifical Academy for Latin
Map indicating the greatest extent of the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan ( c. 117 AD ) and the area governed by Latin speakers (dark red). Many languages other than Latin were spoken within the empire.
Range of the Romance languages, the modern descendants of Latin, in Europe.
This section needs editing for compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style . In particular, it has problems with MOS:WORDSASWORDS . Please help improve it if you can. ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

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^ Meyer Reinhold, Classica Americana: The Greek and Roman Heritage in the United States, p.27 (1984). Harvard's curriculum was patterned after those of Oxford and Cambridge, and the curricula of other Colonial colleges followed Harvard's. Lawrence A. Cremin, American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783, pp. 128–129 (1970),and Frederick Rudolph, Curriculum: A History of the American Undergraduate Course of Study Since 1636, pp.31–32 (1978).

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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Wheelock, Frederic M. (7 June 2011). Wheelock's Latin . LaFleur, Richard A. (7th ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-06-199721-1 . OCLC 670475844 .

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Latin edition of Wikisource , the free library
Latin edition of Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia
Wikiquote has quotations related to Latin proverbs .
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Latin
Wikiversity has learning resources about Latin
For a list of words relating to Latin, see the Latin language category of words in Wiktionary , the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Latin language .

Sicel ? (possibly not Italic)
Venetic ? (possibly Celtic , transitional or independent)
Aequian
Vestinian
Lusitanian ? (possibly Celtic)

Latin ( lingua Latīna , [ˈlɪŋɡʷa laˈtiːna] or Latīnum , [laˈtiːnʊ̃] ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages . Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium ) around present-day Rome , [2] but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire . Even after the fall of Western Rome , Latin remained the common language of international communication , science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages ) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition.

Latin is a highly inflected language , with three distinct genders , six or seven noun cases , five declensions, four verb conjugations , six tenses , three persons , three moods , two voices , two or t
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