Latin Music

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Latin Music
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Music from Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas or sung in either language
This article is about the genre of music. For music from Latin America, see Music of Latin America . For other uses, see Latin music (disambiguation) .

^ Morales, Ed (2003). The Latin beat: The Rhythms and Roots of Latin music From Bossa Nova to Salsa and Beyond (1. Da Capo Press ed.). Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press . p. xiii. ISBN 978-0-306-81018-3 . Retrieved September 10, 2015 . Including Spain, there are twenty-two predominantly Spanish-speaking countries, and there are many more styles of Latin music.

^ Jump up to: a b Stavans, llan (2014). Latin music: musicians, genres, and themes . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO . p. xviii, 838. ISBN 978-0-313-34396-4 . Retrieved October 30, 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b Lawrence, Larry; Wright, Tom (January 26, 1985). "¡Viva Latino!" . Billboard . Vol. 97, no. 4. pp. 53, 62. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 9, 2015 .

^ Jump up to: a b Flores, Juan; Rosaldo, Renato (2007). A Companion to Latina/o Studies . Oxford: Blackwell Pub. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-470-65826-0 . Retrieved September 10, 2015 .

^ Llewellyn, Howell (November 25, 1995). "ShowMarket to Focus on Development of Latin Music" . Billboard . Vol. 107, no. 47. p. 72. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved July 30, 2015 .

^ Arenas, Fernando (2011). Lusophone Africa: Beyond Independence . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-8166-6983-7 . Retrieved September 10, 2015 .

^ Stavans, Ilan; Augenbraum, Harold (2005). Encyclopedia Latina : history, culture, and society in the United States . Danbury, CT: Grolier Academic Reference. p. 201 . ISBN 978-0-7172-5818-5 . The term Latin music identifies a wide range of genres and styles generated in Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula

^ "Julio Iglesias receives world record certificate in Beijing" . Guinness World Record. April 2, 2013 . Retrieved December 24, 2013 .

^ Gebesmair, Andreas (2001). Global Repertoires : Popular Music Within and Beyond the Transnational Music Industry . Taylor and Francis. p. 63. ISBN 9781138275201 . Retrieved July 17, 2019 .

^ Fernandez, Enrique (June 18, 1983). "NARAS Takes A Welcome Step". Billboard . p. 73. ISSN 0006-2510 .

^ Fernandez, Enrique (November 1, 1986). "Latin Notas" . Billboard . Vol. 98, no. 44. p. 40A . Retrieved March 22, 2015 .

^ Lannert 1997 .

^ Valdes-Rodriguez, Alisa (September 12, 2000). "One Little Word, Yet It Means So Much" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved December 25, 2013 .

^ Fernandez, Enrique (March 5, 2000). "After Birthing Pains, Latin Grammys Should Grow Strong" . Sun-Sentinel . Retrieved March 9, 2017 .

^ Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo (2008). Latinos: Remaking America . University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25827-3 .

^ González, Juan (2011). Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America . Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-311928-9 .

^ Avant-Mier, Roberto (2010). Rock the Nation: Latin/o Identities and the Latin Rock Diaspora . Continuum Publishing Corporation.

^ Edwards, Bob (September 13, 2000). "Profile: Latin Grammys at the Staples Center in Los Angeles" . NPR . Archived from the original on February 25, 2016 . Retrieved August 7, 2015 .

^ Barkley, Elizabeth F. (2007). Crossroads: the Multicultural Roots of America's Popular Music (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-13-193073-5 . The U.S. record industry defines Latin music as simply any release with lyrics that are mostly in Spanish.

^ Valdes-Rodriguez, Alisa (December 26, 1999). "The Loud and Quiet Explosions" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 28, 2015 .

^ Cobo, Leila (April 18, 2019). "What 'Latin' Means Now, In Music and Beyond" . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved July 17, 2019 .

^ "RIAA 2015 Year-End Latin Sales & Shipments Data Report" . RIAA . 2015 . Retrieved July 20, 2019 .

^ Cobo, Leila (January 5, 2012). "Latin Sales Down Slightly in 2011, Digital Latin Sales Up" . Billboard . Retrieved September 30, 2015 .

^ "Rosalia's Best New Artist Nomination: What It Means To Latin Music" . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media. November 20, 2019 . Retrieved June 11, 2020 . Note: we are considering Rosalía an artist who falls into the “Latin” category because she performs in Spanish or Portuguese

^ "RIAA Updates Latin Gold & Platinum Program" . RIAA . December 20, 2013 . Retrieved July 20, 2019 .

^ "Billboard's Latin Charts Switch To SoundScan" . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media. July 10, 1993. pp. 4, 71 . Retrieved January 19, 2013 .

^ Cobo, Leila (May 21, 2005). "New Latin Charts Bow" . Billboard . Vol. 117, no. 21. Nielsen Business Media. p. 10. ISSN 0006-2510 .

^ Furia, Philip (2004). Skylark: The Life and Times of Johnny Mercer . Macmillan. p. 263. ISBN 978-1-4668-1923-8 .

^ O'Neil, Brian (2005). "Carmen Miranda: The High Price of Fame and Bananas". In Ruiz, Vicki L.; Sánchez Korrol, Virginia (eds.). Latina Legacies . Oxford University Press. p. 195 . ISBN 978-0-19-515398-9 . the power that Hollywood films could exert in the two-pronged campaign to win the hearts and minds of Latin Americans and to convince Americans of the benefits of Pan-American friendship

^ "Pérez Prado Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More" . AllMusic . Retrieved March 1, 2022 .

^ Giro, Radamés 2007. Diccionario enciclopédico de la música en Cuba . La Habana. vol 4, p147

^ Listed in Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal 1988. Si te quieres por el pico divertir: historia del pregón musical latinoamericano . Cubanacan, San Juan P.R. p317–322. [list fairly complete up to 1988]

^ Taffet, Jeffrey; Watcher, Dustin (2011). Latin America and the United States: A Documentary History (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-538568-7 . Retrieved June 7, 2017 .

^ Candelaria 2004b , p. 690 .

^ Olsen, Dale; Sheehy, Daniel E. (2008). The Garland handbook of Latin American music (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 458. ISBN 978-0-415-96101-1 . Retrieved June 7, 2017 .

^ Ruhlmann, William (2003). "Carlos Santana: Biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved June 7, 2017 .

^ Tito Puente biography . BookRags.com . Retrieved February 14, 2020 .

^ Later This song was used on soundtrack of the 2014 film Chef

^ Bernstein, Arthur; Sekine, Naoki; Weismann, Dick (2013). The Global Music Industry Three Perspectives . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-135-92248-1 . Retrieved June 6, 2017 .

^ Salaverri, Fernando (November 3, 1979). "Spain Establishing the Latin European Link" . Billboard . Vol. 91, no. 44. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved March 24, 2017 .

^ Burr 1991 , p. 61.

^ Cobo, Leila (November 29, 2003). "The Prince's 40-Year Reign: A Billboard Q&A" . Billboard . Vol. 115, no. 48. p. 28.

^ Pietrobruno, Sheenagh (2006). Salsa and Its Transnational Moves . Lanham: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-6058-9 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Burr 1999 , p. 15.

^ Patoski 1996 , p. 84.

^ Jump up to: a b Lannert & Burr 1996 , pp. 38, 40–46.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Burr 1994 , p. 30.

^ Maciel, Ortiz & Herrera-Sobek 2000 , p. 23.

^ Lannert & Burr 1996 , p. 38.

^ Jump up to: a b Patoski 2020 .

^ Saldana 2015 .

^ Tarradell 1995 .

^ Untiedt 2013 , p. 127.

^ Schone 1995 .

^ Shaw 2005 , p. 50.

^ San Miguel 2002 , p. 110.

^ Burr 1999 , p. 43.

^ Patoski 1996 , pp. 160–161.

^ Lannert 1995 .

^ San Miguel 2002a .

^ Patoski 2000 .

^ Candelaria 2004b , p. 575.

^ Krohn 2008 , p. 35.

^ Novas 2007 , p. 326.

^ Furman & Furman 2000 , p. 84.

^ Furman & Furman 2000 , pp. 84–85.

^ Negrón-Muntaner 2004 , p. 251.

^ Negrón-Muntaner 2004 , p. 267.

^ Candelaria 2004b , p. 529 .

^ Novas 2007 , p. 324.

^ Novas 2007 , p. 161.

^ Novas 2007 , p. 325.

^ Holston, Mark (September 1, 1995). "Ageless Romance with Bolero" . Américas . Retrieved March 21, 2015 .

^ Obejas, Achy (April 4, 1999). "Italian Artists Conquer Latin Music Charts" . Chicago Tribune . Tribune Company . Retrieved January 4, 2015 .

^ Rodriguez, Nelson (September 1, 1998). "A look at contemporary Merengue. – Free Online Library" . Latin Beat Magazine . thefreelibrary.com . Retrieved July 7, 2019 .

^ Resto-Montero, Gabriela (January 25, 2016). "The Unstoppable Rise of Reggaeton" . Fusion . Retrieved May 19, 2017 .

^ Cobo, Leila (August 15, 2009). "Tropical Paradise" . Billboard . Vol. 121, no. 32. p. 31. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved May 19, 2017 .

^ Henderson, Alex. "Me Cambiaste la Vida – Rogelio Martinez" . AllMusic . Retrieved May 19, 2017 .

^ Cobo, Leila (September 10, 2014). "Latin Noise: We Want Our Ballads" . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved September 8, 2015 .

^ Melendez, Angel (April 25, 2017). "Why Are Spanish Songs More Popular on YouTube? Billboard's Leila Cobo Knows" . Miami New Times . Retrieved June 12, 2017 .

^ "Trap's Latin American Takeover" . The Fader . Retrieved December 29, 2017 .

^ Jump up to: a b Nahmad, Erica (February 12, 2019). "Sonido: Understanding the Rise of Latin Music in the US" . BeLatina . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "From reggaeton to riches: inside Latin music's global takeover" . MN2S . April 9, 2021 . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Arbona-Ruiz, Marisa. "The 'Despacito' effect: The year Latino music broke the charts" . NBC News . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .

^ Quintana, Carlos. "What Are the Most Popular Latin Music Genres?" . LiveAbout . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b Benjamin, Jeff. "Latin Music Is Now More Popular Than Country & EDM In America" . Forbes . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .

^ "Best music streaming services 2021: free streams to hi-res audio" . whathifi . September 7, 2021 . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b Leight, Elias (November 15, 2018). "Latin Music Is Reaching More Listeners Than Ever – But Who Is Represented?" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .

^ "Spotify Pivots on Global Cultures Initiative, Alarming Music Industry" . Rolling Stone . October 4, 2019 . Retrieved February 18, 2020 .

^ Hepworth, Shelley (January 1, 2020). "Streaming spells the end of the 'ownership' era of music, but are we ready to let go?" . The Guardian . Retrieved February 18, 2020 .

^ Lucero, Mario J. (January 3, 2020). "The problem with how the music streaming industry handles data" . Quartz . Retrieved February 18, 2020 .

^ "Spotify and streaming services are breaking cultural music on a worldwide stage" . RouteNote Blog . February 6, 2020 . Retrieved February 18, 2020 .


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Latin music (genre) .
Latin music ( Portuguese and Spanish : música latina ) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all arbitrary category for various styles of music from Latin America , Spain , Portugal , and the United States inspired by older Latin American, Spanish and Portuguese music genres, as well as music that is sung in the Spanish and/or Portuguese language . [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Because the majority of Latino immigrants living in New York City in the 1950s were of Puerto Rican or Cuban descent, "Latin music" had been stereotyped as music simply originating from the Spanish Caribbean . The popularization of bossa nova and Herb Alpert 's Mexican-influenced sounds in the 1960s did little to change the perceived image of Latin music. Since then, the music industry classifies all music sung in Spanish or Portuguese as Latin music, including musics from Spain and Portugal. [4]

Following protests from Latinos in New York, a category for Latin music was created by National Recording Academy (NARAS) for the Grammy Awards titled Best Latin Recording in 1975. [9] Enrique Fernandez wrote on Billboard that the single category for Latin music meant that all Latin music genres had to compete with each other despite the distinct sounds of the genre. He also noted that the accolade was mostly given to performers of tropical music. Eight years later, the organization debuted three new categories for Latin music: Best Latin Pop Performance , Best Mexican/Mexican-American Performance , and Best Tropical Latin Performance . [10] Latin pop is a catch-all for any pop music sung in Spanish, while Mexican/Mexican-American (also to referred to as Regional Mexican ) is based any musical style originating from Mexico or influences by its immigrants in the United States including Tejano , and tropical music focuses any music from the Spanish Caribbean . [11]

In 1997, NARAS established the Latin Recording Academy (LARAS) in an effort to expand its operations in both Latin America and Spain. [12] In September 2000, LARAS launched the Latin Grammy Awards , a separate award ceremony from the Grammy Awards, which organizers stated that the Latin music universe was too large to fit on the latter awards. Michael Greene , former head of NARAS, said that the process of creating the Latin Grammy Awards was complicated due to the diverse Latin musical styles, noting that the only thing they had in common was language. As a result, the Latin Grammy Awards are presented to records performed in Spanish or Portuguese, [13] while the organization focuses on music from Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. [14]

Since the late 1990s, the United States has had a substantially rising population of "Latinos", [15] a term popularized since the 1960s due to the wrong and confusing use of the term " Spanish " and the more proper but less popular term " Hispanic ". [16] The music industry in the United States started to refer to any kind of music featuring Spanish vocals as "Latin music". [17] [18] [19] Under this definition, Spanish sung in any genre is categorized as "Latin". [20] In turn, this has also led to artists from Spain being labelled as "Latin" as they sing in the same language. [21]

The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Billboard magazine use this definition of Latin music to track sales of Spanish-language records in the United States. [22] [23] Billboard however considers an artist to be "Latin" if they perform in Spanish or Portuguese. [24] The RIAA initiated the "Los Premios de Oro y Platino" ("The Gold and Platinum Awards" in Spanish) in 2000 to certify sales of Latin music albums and singles under a different threshold than its standard certifications. [25] Billboard divides its Latin music charts into three subcategories: Latin pop, Regional Mexican, and tropical. [26] A fourth subcategory was eventually added in the mid 2000s to address the rise of Latin urban music genres such as Latin hip hop and reggaeton . [27]

The term "Latin music" originated from the United States due to the growing influence of Latino Americans in the American music market, with notable pioneers including Xavier Cugat (1940s) and Tito Puente (1950s) and then accelerating in later decades. [2] [3] As one author explained the rising popularity from the 1940s: "Latin America, the one part of the world not engulfed in World War II , became a favorite topic for songs and films for Americans who wanted momentarily to forget about the conflagration." [28] Wartime propaganda for America's " Good Neighbor Policy " further enhanced the cultural impact. [29] Pérez Prado is the composer of such famous pieces as " Mambo No. 5 " and "Mambo No. 8". At the height of the mambo movement in 1955, Pérez hit the American charts at number one with a cha-cha-chá version of " Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White ". [30] El manisero, known in English as The Peanut Vendor , is a Cuban son - pregón composed by Moisés Simons . Together with " Guantanamera ", it is arguably the most famous piece of music created by a Cuban musician. [31] "The Peanut Vendor" has been recorded more than 160 times, [32] sold over a million copies of the sheet music, and was the first million-selling 78 rpm single of Cuban music . [ citation needed ]

The Brazilian bossa nova became widespread in Latin America and later became an international trend, led especially by Antônio Carlos Jobim . [33] Rock en español became popular with the younger generation of Latinos in Latin America, [34] notably including Argentine bands such as Almendra . [35] Mexican-American Latin rock guitarist Carlos Santana began his decades of popularity. [36] Late 60s, boogaloo boom was coming, and boogaloo musicians such as Pérez Prado , Tito Rodríguez and Tito Puente [37] released boogaloo singles and albums. Most of the other groups were young musicians such as Pucho & His Latin Soul Brothers and Joe Bataan .

Early examples of boogaloo were 1966 music by Richie Ray and Bobby Cruz . The biggest boogaloo hit of the '60s was "Bang Bang" by the Joe Cuba Sextet in 1966. Hits by other groups included Johnny Colón's "Boogaloo Blues", Pete Rodríguez's " I Like It like That "(1967). [38]

Salsa music became the dominant genre of tropical music in the 1970s. Fania Records was credited for popularizing salsa music, with acts such as Rubén Blades , Héctor Lavoe , and Celia Cruz expanding the audience. [39] In the late 1970s, an influx of balladeers from Spain such as Julio Iglesias , Camilo Sesto , and Raphael established their presence on the music charts both in Latin America and the US Latin market. [40] In 1972, OTI Festival was established by the Organización de Telecomunicaciones de Iberoamérica as a songwriting contest to connect the Ibero-American countries (Latin America, Spain, and Portugal) together. Ramiro Burr of Billboard noted that the contest was considered to be the "largest and most prestigious songwriting festival in the Latin music world". [41]

In the 1980s, the Latin ballad continued to be the main form of Latin pop music, with Juan Gabriel , José José , Julio Iglesias, Roberto Carlos , and José Luis Rodríguez dominating the charts. [42] Salsa music lost some traction, and its musical style changed to a slower rhythm with more emphasis on romantic lyrics. This became known as the salsa romantica era. [43]

In the Regional Mexican field, Tejano music became the most prominent genre and became one of the fastest-growing music genres in the United States. [44] On January 10, 1990, EMI Latin bought Bob Grever 's Cara Records, beginning the golden age of Tejano music. [44] [45] Tejano music's growth exploded, [46] as journalist Ramiro Burr put it as "a stubborn brushfire spread over the horizon", the genre converted radio stations into playing Tejano music. [47] This garnered the attention of record labels across the United States who were eager to expand their current rosters. [46] In 1991, Warner Nashville created Warner Discos specifically for Tejano artists crossing over into country music while Arista Nashville erected Artista Texas with the same objective. [48] Other labels such as PolyGram Latino and WEA Latina began deliberations on opening operations to exclusively sign Tejano acts, while Fonovisa bega
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