Latin Dance

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Latin Dance
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Wide range of dances originating in Latin America, Cuba and Puerto Rico
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^ Lavelle, Doris 1983. Latin & American dances . 3rd ed, Black, London, p108.

^ The reason jive is included with the Latin dances is that its dance style is similar: "... a non-progressive dance which can be danced in a small space when the floor is crowded". and "The hold is similar to Latin dances" [meaning, it is quite different from the modern or ballroom dances]. Silvester, Victor 1977. Dancing: ballroom, Latin-American and social , 105/6. ISBN 0-340-22517-3 . Teach Yourself Books

^ Santos, John. 1982. The Cuban Danzón (liner notes). New York, Folkways Records FE 4066

^ Box, Ben (1992). South American Handbook . New York City: Trade & Travel. At the beginning of each chapter (except the Guianas) is a section on "Music and Dance" written by Nigel Gallop, an Englishman, fluent in Spanish and Portuguese, who lived and worked in almost every country of South America.

^ Box, Ben; Cameron, Sarah (1992). Caribbean Islands Handbook . New York City: Trade & Travel. Dance information is provided under "Culture" headings.

^ Jump up to: a b "History of Latin Dance" . LoveToKnow . Retrieved 2016-04-25 .

^ Guide, Africa. "African People and Culture" . www.africaguide.com . Retrieved 2016-04-25 .

^ "Recent from Latin Dancing Shoes" . LT Dancers .

^ "Zumba Is A Hit But Is It Latin?" . NPR.org . Retrieved 2016-04-25 .


Latin dance is a general label, and a term in partner dance competition jargon . It refers to types of ballroom dance and folk dance that (with few exceptions such as the United States ) originated in Latin America .

The category of Latin dances in the international dancesport competitions consists of the cha-cha-cha , rumba , samba , paso doble , and also the jive of United States origin. [1] [2]

Social Latin dances (Street Latin) include salsa , mambo , merengue , rumba , bachata , bomba and plena . There are many dances which were popular in the first part of the 20th century, but which are now of only historical interest. The Cuban danzón is a good example. [3]

Perreo is a Puerto Rican dance associated with reggaeton music with Jamaican and Caribbean influences. Argentinian folk dances are chacarera , escondido and zamba , also tango used to be a popular dance until the mid-20th century. Cueca is Chilean folk dance. Uruguayan folk dances are pericón, polka, ranchera, etc, also candombe is a common street and parade dance in the cities. Typical Bolivian folk dances are the morenada , kullawada , caporales and the recently created tinku . In Colombia , one of the typical dances is the cumbia . [4] [5]

Latin dance draws from indigenous American , Iberian , and West African influences. The earliest native roots for Latin dance came from the Aztecs, Guarani, Aymara, Incas and Tehuelches among others. When sixteenth-century seagoing explorers returned home to Portugal and Spain, they brought along tales of the native peoples. According to Rachel Hanson, no one knows how long these dance traditions were established, but they were already being developed and ritualized when they were observed by the Europeans. This suggests that these Native influences became the foundation for Latin dancing. [6] Indigenous dance often told stories of everyday activities such as hunting, agriculture, or astronomy. When European settlers and conquistadors began to colonize South America in the early sixteenth century, they reinvented the local dance traditions, but still kept the styles of the natives. Catholic settlers merged the native culture with their own and incorporated catholic saints and stories to the dance. The Europeans were captivated by the highly structured, large member dance working together in a precise manner.

After the Europeans brought home the Aztec/Inca influences in the sixteenth century, they incorporated their own styles to the dance. Since the Aztec/Inca dances were performed in a group, many of the European dances were performed by a male and female. This was a new practice because European dances prohibited male and female dance partners from touching each other. The benefits of such a dance style allowed musical appreciation and social integration, which became the form of Latin dance. However, “much of the storytelling element disappeared from the genre as the focus moved toward the rhythm and steps,” [6] Hanson explains. The movement evolved differently because it brought a certain element of daintiness to the Aztec dances since the steps were smaller and the movements were less forceful. Combining African styles along with the Native and European influences is what truly makes Latin possible.

The movement and rhythms of African influences left a permanent mark in Latin dance. When the African slaves were forced to Europe in the 1500s, their culture brought styles such as basic, simple movements (putting emphasis on the upper body, torso, or feet) and intricate movements like the coordination of different body parts and complex actions such as “fast rotation, ripples of the body, and contraction and release, as well as variations in dynamics, levels, and use of space.” [7] [8] The difference between the African and European styles was that it included bent knees and a downward focus (grounded to the earth) rather than a straight-backed upward focus like the Europeans, and whole-foot steps than toes and heels. These influences from African roots have allowed Latin dance to become what it is today.

Many dance styles from different areas of the world were integrated into Latin dance. Such styles came about which comprised the main categories of Latin dancing: Salsa, Mambo, Merengue, Rumba, Cha Cha Cha, Bachata, and Samba. Music became the engine for Latin dancing because it guided the dance steps with its measure, speed, and the feeling it evoked, from energetic to sensual. Various Latin American regions developed independent styles, and from each genre, or combination of styles, a different genre was born. For example, the Mambo which was created in the 1940s emerged through the combination of American swing and Cuban Son music.

Following the music, movement history, and the rhythms, Latin dance evolved over time and individual steps slowly shifted the repertoire of each dance. It has several different forms and many modernized styles which creates a problem because it is shifting away from its Native, European, and African roots. A popular aerobic dance class known as Zumba is said to be influenced by Latin rhythm and steps. However, there are disagreements among Latin dancers about whether Zumba is a true Latin dance. [9]



American Rhythm Dances (Ballroom Latin Style):


International Latin Dances (Ballroom Latin Style):

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There are many different Latin dances out there and in this article I break down the most popular dances by Latin dance styles including: Club Latin dances and Latin Ballroom dances which break down into 2 further styles (American Rhythm and International style).

Originated in Dominican Republic. The Merengue is one of the simplest dances beginners can learn. It is based on “Marching” as both partners switch weight from foot to foot – Accentuating the strong beats of the music. This dance has less structure than some of the other dances because of how easy it is.

Salsa on 1 is one of the most popular social dances and is danced all over the world. Salsa on 1 is danced in a “slot” and has a lot of turns, spins and crossbody lead moves. It gets a lot of influence from other Ballroom dances , as well as other styles of dancing. In this style both partners start dancing on count 1 – hence the name “Salsa on 1”. Overall this style of Salsa has a sharper, more direct feel to it – which makes it perfect for beginners.

Salsa on 2 is almost identical to the moves danced in the “on 1” style, however the biggest difference is that dancers start dancing on count 2. Furthermore, Salsa on 2 dancers say that by dancing “on 2” they connect better with the different musical instruments of Latin songs including: Bajo (bass), Conga and Clave. Overall the “On 2” style has a smoother and slower feeling to it than the “on 1” style.

This Latin dance originated from the Dominican Republic. In this dance both partners move from side to side, incorporating body action and hip action. A key aspect of this dance is that for every 4 count, there are 3 full side steps (weight changes) and 1 step with no weight change (“tap” the foot). The Bachata music tends to be very sensual with strong, distinct beats – which helps characterize the styling of this dance.

This Latin dance originated in Angola. The character of this dance is slow, sensual movement, with easy basic steps done in a close embrace position – similar to Argentine Tango. There are a lot of walking type of movements, Swivels and hip movements in this dance, accentuating the music. This dance is gaining popularity in recent years.

The Cha Cha originated in Cuba. In this dance you need to use very quick, sharp steps in order to keep up with the fast rhythm of the music. A key feature of the Cha Cha basic steps is that they usually include Chasse steps (Series of three steps) to the side, forward and back. The Club style Cha Cha is danced in many Latin clubs and the moves used are similar to the ones used in Salsa and Merengue. It’s important to note that the Ballroom style Cha Cha (below) is different from the Club style Cha Cha.


The American style Rumba is one of the most social dances you can learn because its music fits many popular songs. This dance is characterized with smooth body and hip movement – while accentuating the Slow, Quick, Quick, timing with the feet. The main basic step consists of a box step pattern.

This American style Cha Cha is different from the Club style Cha Cha (mentioned above). In this dance the partners accent the strong beats of the music by pushing off their feet and showing a strong hip action. In this Cha Cha style the movements are big and defined – Especially accenting count “1” – which is the strongest beat in the music.

The East Coast Swing style is derived from the Lindy hop. It is a very fun and playful dance where the main basic steps include triple steps from side to side. This dance includes lots of underarm turns, loops, and spins. The music is not too fast, and not too slow – allowing for plenty of shaping and arm styling.

This dance originated in Cuba and later had a lot of influence from New York to make it what it is today. The moves in the American style Mambo are very similar to what is done in Salsa, however it has a Ballroom flare to it – where the moves and turns are more exaggerated/pronounced. This dance is danced on “2”.

The Bolero is the slowest of the American Rhythm Latin dances. In this dance the partners push off their feet strongly in order to make big steps and there is a rise and fall used through out. Lastly, this dance has a lot of upper body shaping (similar to Waltz and other smooth dances).




The International style Latin Cha Cha dance is similar to the above Cha Cha styles, however the main difference is that in this style the dancers step on a “straight leg” as they transfer weight from foot to foot. The moves in this style are more “linear” with a strong emphasize on accenting the timing which is: 1,2,3, Cha Cha.

The International style Samba originated from the Brazilian Samba carnivals. In this dance there is a “bounce” technique used, where the partners are constantly bending and straightening their knees as they move from foot to foot. Because of the “bouncing action” this dance allows for a lot of body and hip movement.

The Int. style Rumba is quite different from the Am. style Rumba (mentioned above). In this Rumba the dancers arrive mostly on a straight leg, and the figures are “linear”. There is a very strong emphasize on doing “sensual” hip movement (figure 8) and arm extensions to express the slow tempo Rumba music.

This dance originated from Spain and is mostly done in Int. Style competitions, as opposed to social dance events. In this dance the couples use a strong “marching” walk technique to cover the floor, and there is a lot of big shaping movements and “Apels” used. “Apel is when the dancer stomps their foot strongly on the floor (At times creating a loud stomping noise).

The Jive has a very similar character to the Swing, but this dance is much faster. There are a lot of turns, spins and kicks in this dance. The couples must keep their posture more forward than usual, in order to keep up with the fast paced music. The technique used in this dance includes “hopping/jumping” on almost every single step.
Hello Leon,
Will you be adding Mambo to your online lessons?
Yes we hope to in the future. Don’t know exactly when yet. For now you can refer to our Salsa lessons which use almost the same steps, just the counts are different.
You named each dance and where it originated except for SALSA which is probably the most popular Latin dance. It originated in my country, Puerto Rico. It would be nice to see this posted in your description. Thank you.
Very very informative. Your research on all dance forms will help others to know more about latin dances.
Thank you!! for sharing so many other Latin dance forms with us! I barely knew a few of them like salsa, bachata, kizomba…..
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10 Most Popular Latin Dance Styles In The World 10 Most Popular Latin Dance Styles In The World The world of Latin dance can be somewhat ambiguous and perplexing. We get it. That's why we've put together this succinct breakdown of styles. Jun 1, 2017 by Jennell Lewis
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The world of Latin dance can be somewhat ambiguous and perplexing. We get it. That's why we've put together this succinct breakdown of styles in the genre and how they differ. 
When it comes to Dancesport, performers in the Latin dance division compete in the styles of samba, paso doble, cha-cha-cha, rumba, and the jive. 
However, in the realm of social dance, there are many more Latin styles that fall under this umbrella. Salsa and bachata are arguably the two most popular styles among social dancers. Festivals and workshops, called congresses, are held all over the world as well as international competitions specific to these styles. Check out the full list of Latin dances below.
Said to have originated in the Caribbean, Salsa is one of the most entertaining and practiced social dances in the world today. There are multiple subcategories within the genre of salsa. 
The dance and music of merengue originated in the Dominican Republic. Although the music is fast paced, the basic steps are fairly easy to master. 
This dance also originated in the Dominican Republic and is known for being a slower more sensual dance with heavy emphasis on body isolation and strong hip movements. 
This dance originated in Cuba and is similar to the mambo. Its name is derived from the sound the the dancers' shoes make while dancing to this style of music. In the U.S., the dance is simply known as the cha-cha.
The rumba is interesting in that it has changed over the years, and there are varying distinctive styles of the dance. The origins of rumba are rooted in Cuban son music, which has a blend of Spanish and African influences. However, the rumba is danced to various styles that are typically slower in pace and deep in emotion. 
This dance is of Afro-Brazilian origin and is very popular in Brazil. The samba is known for requiring quick feet and high energy. It can be danced as an individual or as a couple. 
Paso doble is known as the dance of the bullfight. This is a strong dance that originated in France but was adopted and molded by the Spanish and Portuguese. It isn't commonly danced in social settings but rather reserved for competition. 
Jive dancing originated in the U.S. and was made popular by the African American community. It is performed with high energy similar to swing dance. 
This dance originated in Cuba during the 1940s. Perez Prado is credited as having created the dance, although modern mambo is starkly different from the mambo that was started by Prado. Mambo is less structured than other disciplines in the genre and heavily emphasizes feeling the music. 
The Argentine tango was birthed in Argentina and Uruguay, and although it originated in those countries, its influences span the globe. It's a dance of emotion and depth and relies deeply on improvisation. 
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