Latin Case

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N.S. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise.
There are six cases of Latin nouns that are commonly used. Another two—locative and instrumental—are vestigial and are not often used. 
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and participles are declined in two numbers (singular and plural) and in six principal cases.
Vestigial Cases: Locative (locativus): Denotes "the place where." This vestigial case is often left out of Latin noun declensions. Traces of it appear in names of towns and a few other words: Rōmae ("at Rome") / rūrī ("in the country"). Still another vestigial case, the instrumental, appears in a few adverbs.​ All the cases, except the nominative and vocative, are used as object cases; they are sometimes called "oblique cases" (cāsūs oblīquī).
Nouns are declined according to gender, number, and case (a declension is essentially a fixed pattern of endings). There are only five regular declensions of nouns in Latin; there is a sixth for some pronouns and adjectives that end in -ius in the genitive case form. Each noun is declined according to number, gender, and case. This means that there are six sets of case endings for five declensions of nouns—one set for each declension. And students have to memorize them all. Below are brief descriptions of the five noun declensions, with links to the full declension for each, including the case endings for each declension.
1. First declension nouns: End in -a in the nominative singular and are feminine.
Esse: The all-important irregular verb esse ("to be") belongs to this group. Words associated with it are in the nominative case. It does not take an object and should never be in the accusative case.
The following is a sample paradigm* of the second declension masculine noun somnus, -i ("to sleep"). The case name is followed by the singular, then the plural.
*Note that the term "paradigm" is frequently used in discussions of Latin grammar; a "paradigm" is an example of a conjugation or declension showing a word in all its inflectional forms.
3. Third declension nouns: End in -is in the genitive singular. That's how you identify them.
4.​ Fourth declension nouns: Ending in -us are masculine, apart from manus and domus, which are feminine. Fourth declension nouns ending in -u are neuter.
5. Fifth declension nouns: End in -es and are feminine.
The exception is dies, which is usually masculine when singular and always masculine when plural.
Gill, N.S. "The 6 Cases of Latin Nouns." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/cases-of-latin-nouns-117588. Gill, N.S. (2020, August 28). The 6 Cases of Latin Nouns. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/cases-of-latin-nouns-117588 Gill, N.S. "The 6 Cases of Latin Nouns." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/cases-of-latin-nouns-117588 (accessed May 18, 2021).
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Latin Case. Case refers to the formal markers (in Latin they are endings added to the stem of a noun or adjective) that tell you how a noun or adjective is to be construed in relationship to other words in the sentence. What are the formal markers for English?
Case refers to the formal markers (in Latin they are endings added to the stem of a noun or adjective) that tell you how a noun or adjective is to be construed in relationship to other words in the sentence.
classics.osu.edu/Undergraduate-Studies/L…
However, in Britain and countries influenced by Britain, the Latin cases are usually given in the following order: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative. This order was first introduced in Benjamin Hall Kennedy 's Latin Primer (1866), with the aim of making tables of declensions easier to recite and memorise.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_declension
What are the 6 cases of Latin nouns?
What are the 6 cases of Latin nouns?
Updated August 08, 2019. There are six cases of Latin nouns that are commonly used. Another two—locative and instrumental—are vestigial and are not often used. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and participles are declined in two numbers (singular and plural) and in six principal cases.
www.thoughtco.com/cases-of-latin-nouns …
What is the genitive case in Latin?
What is the genitive case in Latin?
The genitive case in Latin is also used adverbially with certain verbs. The most common are verbs of convicting, accusing and punishing. The construction is parallel to the English "I accuse you of treason ."
classics.osu.edu/Undergraduate-Studies/L…
https://classics.osu.edu/Undergraduate-Studies/Latin-Program/Grammar/Cases/latin-case
Перевести · There are 6 distinct cases in Latin: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, and Vocative; and there are vestiges of a seventh, the Locative. The basic descriptions that follow are also found on the pages introducing the more detailed descriptions of the cases, which you may reach by clicking the case …
https://www.thoughtco.com/cases-of-latin-nouns-117588
Перевести · 08.08.2019 · There are only five regular declensions of nouns in Latin; there is a sixth for some pronouns and adjectives that end in -ius in the genitive case form. Each noun is declined according to number, gender, and case. This means that there are six sets of case endings for five declensions of nouns—one set for each declension.
Latin Genitive Case | Visual Latin Chalkboard #6
Latin's Ablative Case | Visual Latin Chalkboard #5
thelatinlibrary.com/101/CaseUse.pdf
Cases in Latin have specific grammatical functions, which must be learned in order to properly understand Latin sentences (which are not dependent, as English sentences are, on word order). The following case …
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ITZshHu9xAw
Перевести · A quick introduction to how cases work in Latin. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy …
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_grammar
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Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood. The inflections are often changes in the ending of a word, but can be more complicated, especially with verbs.

Thus verbs can take any of over 100 different endi…
Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood. The inflections are often changes in the ending of a word, but can be more complicated, especially with verbs.

Thus verbs can take any of over 100 different endings to express different meanings, for example regō "I rule", regor "I am ruled", regere "to rule", regī "to be ruled". Most verbal forms consist of a single word, but some tenses are formed from part of the verb sum "I am" added to a participle; for example, ductus sum "I was led" or ductūrus est "he is going to lead".

Nouns belong to one of three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). The gender of a noun is shown by the adjectives and pronouns that refer to it: e.g., hic vir "this man", haec mulier "this woman", hoc nōmen "this name". There are also two numbers: singular (mulier "woman") and plural (mulierēs "women").

As well as having gender and number, nouns, adjectives, and pronouns have different endings according to their function in the sentence, for example, rēx "the king" (subject), but rēgem "the king" (object). These different endings are called "cases". Most nouns have six cases: nominative (subject), accusative (object), genitive ("of"), dative ("to" or "for"), ablative ("with" or "in"), and vocative (used for addressing). Some nouns have a seventh case, the locative; this is mostly found with the names of towns and cities, e.g. Rōmae "in Rome".

There is no definite or indefinite article in Latin, so that rēx can mean "king", "a king", or "the king" according to context.

Latin word order tends to be subject–object–verb; however, other word orders are common. Different word orders are used to express different shades of emphasis. (See Latin word order.)

An adjective can come either before or after a noun, e.g. vir bonus or bonus vir "a good man", although some kinds of adjectives, such as adjectives of nationality (vir Rōmānus "a Roman man") usually follow the noun.

Latin usually omits pronouns as the subject except for emphasis; so for example amās by itself means "you love" without the need to add the pronoun tū "you". (A language with this characteristic is known as a pro-drop language.) Latin also exhibits verb framing in which the path of motion is encoded into the verb rather than shown by a separate word or phrase. For example, the Latin verb exit (a compound of ex and it) means "he/she/it goes out".

In this article a line over a vowel (e.g. ē) indicates that it is long.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_declension
Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined, or have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated), and a given pattern is called a declension. There are five declensions, which are numbered and grouped by ending and grammatical gender. Each noun follows one of the five declensions, but some irregular nouns have exceptions.
Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined, or have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated), and a given pattern is called a declension. There are five declensions, which are numbered and grouped by ending and grammatical gender. Each noun follows one of the five declensions, but some irregular nouns have exceptions.

Adjectives are of two kinds: those like bonus, bona, bonum 'good' use first-declension endings for the feminine, and second-declension for masculine and neuter. Other adjectives such as celer, celeris, celere belong to the third declension. There are no fourth- or fifth-declension adjectives.

Pronouns are also of two kinds, the personal pronouns such as ego 'I' and tū 'you (sg.)', which have their own irregular declension, and the third-person pronouns such as hic 'this' and ille 'that' which can generally be used either as pronouns or adjectivally. These latter decline in a similar way to the first and second noun declensions, but there are differences; for example the genitive singular ends in -īus or -ius instead of -ī or -ae.

The cardinal numbers ūnus 'one', duo 'two', and trēs 'three' also have their own declensions (ūnus has genitive -īus like a pronoun), and there are also numeral adjectives such as bīnī 'a pair, two each', which decline like ordinary adjectives.
https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/case
Перевести · 30.04.2021 · Etymology 1. Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), …
dcc.dickinson.edu/grammar/latin/case-endings-five-declensions
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