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10 GREATEST Latin American Authors
Posted on January 14, 2015

Latin American authors. How well do we actually know them?
Let’s face it: when it comes to literary celebrities, people usually come up with names that mainly represent Europe and North America (typically, the USA) – Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Kafka, Twain. More often than not, people don’t have a slightest idea about Asian, Australian or African literature, question the existence of Canadian literature as such, and have no knowledge whatsoever about Latin American writers.
What a shame, because Latin America is, in fact, full of great literary talents. A great number of them are Novel Prize winners, dozens of them have left a strong mark on contemporary literature, and a lot of them are just exceptionally good authors.
But who’s the best of the best, making it to the Top 10?
Everybody knows Gabriel Garcia Marquez – it’s hard not to. His most famous novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, came out in 1967 and left the whole world in awe. The novel details the life of the Buendia family over seven generations and is claimed to be “the greatest revelation in the Spanish language” since Don Quixote and “the first piece of literature since the Book of Genesis that should be required reading for the entire human race”, according to The Guardian. And these two sound like statements that are hard to beat, aren’t they?
Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014). Image source: The Paris Review
Mainly a short-story writer, Borges was a key figure in the Spanish-language literature. Educated in Switzerland, fluent in 5 languages, exceptionally well-traveled and impressively intelligent, Borges became a published writer in 1920s when he finally returned to Argentina. A poet, an essayist, a librarian and a public speaker, he was fast becoming famous — but also gradually becoming blind, Already by his 50ies, Borges completely lost his eyesight. Which was, as many critics suggest, exactly what helped the writer to come up with innovative literary symbols since the only thing that was left for him was his imagination.
Considered one of the most famous Latin American authors of all time, Borges’ most notable works include Fictions (1944), The Aleph (1949), and Labyrinths (1962), among others.
Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986). Image source: The Paris Review
A poet, a diplomat and a politician, Neruda’s real name was actually Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto, whereas his pen name was borrowed from the Czech poet Jan Neruda, whom, funnily enough, nobody is really aware of. Pablo Neruda became a known poet when he was still a teenager. The work that earned him world recognition was Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, published in 1924 when he was just 20 years old. Gabriel Garcia Marques called Neruda “the greatest poet of the 20th century — in any language”.
Pablo Neruda (1904-1973). Image source: NewsClick
Vargas Llosa is considered as one of the leading writers of his generation and most significant novelists in South America. He rose to fame in 1960 with his comedies, murder mysteries, historical novels and political thrillers – his talent knows no limitations in literary genre. Like many of his fellow Latin American authors, Mario Vargas Llosa has always been interested in politics, and even ran for president of Peru in 1990. He was unsuccessful, unfortunately — perhaps because he was too good of a writer?
Mario Vargas Llosa (born 1936). Image source: Condé Nast Traveler
Octavio Paz’ first introduction to the world of fiction happened in his early childhood: his grandfather was the owner of a huge library filled with classic Mexican and European literature. Just like Neruda, Paz became a published writer during his teenage years, so by his early twenties he was already a recognized poet. And again, just like Neruda, his spark and talent were used by the government for diplomatic purposes, which was the reason Paz spent a lot of time abroad away from Mexico. Nevertheless, his homeland was always the underlying motive of his works, which are now known as “the portrait of Mexican personality” (according to his obituary in Americas). 
Octavio Paz (1914–1998). Image source: The Next Web
The “modern master of the short-story”, the “Simón Bolívar of the novel” – that’s how Cortázar is typically referred to. Born in Belgium and burried in France, he was nevertheless a true Argentinean at heart. Cortázar is known as one of the founders of the Latin American Boom – the time in 1960s and 1970s when Latin American literature was internationally renowned for the first time. His most famous novel is called Hopscotch (1963) – an anti-novel that is to be read according to two different sequences of chapters.
Julio Cortázar (1914-1984). Image source: Elfi Kurten
Even though Isabel Allende is Chilean, she was actually born in Lima, Peru, where her father was working as a second secretary at the Chilean embassy at that time. When she was three years old, her family moved back to Chile. There, Isabel made a successful career as a journalist, but then had to leave to Venezuela in her early 20s when Augusto Pinochet executed her uncle, Salvador Allende, and set up a dictatorship.
Allende’s real literary career began only at the age of 40, when she published The House of the Spirits – a novel in the genre of magic realism that chronicles several generations of the Trueba family and highlights the Pinochet dictatorship. Her book, for obvious reasons, was often compared to One Hundred Years of Solitude by Marquez.
Isabel Allende (born 1942). Image source: Irina Atanasova
A native Guatemalan, it was ironically in Paris where Miguel Asturias discovered Mayan mythology and got completely obsessed with it. He translated Popol Vuh, a sacred Mayan text, into Spanish in 1924 and included indigenous motifs in many of his own works later on, most famous of which is The Legends of Guatemala that highlights some of the Mayan folklore.
His most notable novel, however, is called El señor presidente (1946), known in English as Mr. President, which had a very strong political implication and was directed against the oppressive Guatemalan dictatorship.
Miguel Asturias (1899-1974). Image source: Lee Por Gusto
Unarguably, one of the greatest Latin American authors is Gabriela Mistral.
The first Latin American female writer (and so far, also the only one) to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature, Gabriela Mistral was also a feminist, a diplomat and an educator. Fun fact: Pablo Neruda was one of her students when she was working as Head at his school in a small town of Temuco.
Mistral’s poetry is pierced with themes of love, betrayal, Latin American identity, and sorrow. In fact, it was sorrow that pushed her to write poetry when her fiancé committed suicide in 1909. Her first collection of poems, Sonnets of Death, came out in 1914 and were marked with motifs of life and death that have never been discussed in Latin American literature as profoundly before. For her strong influence and even stronger talent, Gabriela Mistral is now the face of a 5,000 Chilean banknote.
Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957). Image source: Periodico26
Mexico’s most celebrated novelist, Carlos Fuentes is also “one of the most admired writers in the Spanish-speaking world”, according to the New York Times. Born into a family of diplomats in Panama City, Fuentes spent nearly every year of his childhood in different South American capitals. From 1934 to 1940 he was even living in Washington D.C due to the nature of work of his father – an experience that allowed him to view Latin America from an outer, critical perspective.
As many, Fuentes decided to pursue career in diplomacy, but the plans changed when very first novel of his, called Where The Air Is Clear, made him famous overnight. Fuentes, therefore, left his position, became a full-time writer, and kept writing novels that were equally successful (e.g. The Death of Artemio Cruz, Terra Nostra, The Old Gringo) and are now translated into 24 languages.
Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012). Image source: Finding Time to Write
Olga founded The Russian Abroad as a place to share inspiration from her travels and to inspire others to see our beautiful world. She currently resides in Berlin, dividing her time between traveling, blogging, and a full-time job on the side.
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Academic rigour, journalistic flair
Many authors born in Latin America have produced some of their finest work while living in the United States. Alvy Libros/flickr, CC BY-SA
5 Latino authors you should be reading now
Associate Professor of English, Rutgers University - Newark
Laura Lomas has received funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the British Academy and the Fulbright Association.
Rutgers University - Newark provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation US.
The Conversation UK receives funding from these organisations
You likely recognize that the depiction of Latin American immigrants in politics today – as a menacing mass of recalcitrant Spanish-speaking invaders – is overwhelmingly negative.
What you may not know is that stereotypes suggesting that Latin Americans represent a threat to United States culture are not just morally repugnant – they’re also historically inaccurate. Spanish-language literature actually predates the Puritans’ writing in English by nearly a century.
As my research reveals, many renowned Latin American writers actually produced some of their finest work while living in the United States. Latina and Latino writers have made exceptional contributions to American literary history.
For a fresh take on what it means to be a Latina or Latino in the U.S. today, check out these five literary luminaries.
For Cubans, José Martí is the equivalent of George Washington, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Walt Whitman combined. Born in 1853 in Havana, Cuba, Martí wrote the bulk of his 28 volumes of prose, poetry and speeches in late 19th-century New York.
Working as a diplomat, translator, Spanish teacher and journalist, Martí interpreted current events and cultural questions from his office on Front Street, in lower Manhattan’s South Street Seaport.
He witnessed immigrants arriving by the boatload to New York – except the Chinese, who were banned in 1882. He knew about the lynching of black Americans and of atrocities against Native Americans. These stories found their way into Martí’s thinking about Latin America and its diaspora in the United States.
Martí also wrote dazzling accounts of New York, his adopted hometown, likening the cables of the brand-new Brooklyn Bridge to sated “colossal boa constrictors” resting atop towers.
Upon the unveiling of the Statue of Liberty in 1886, Martí alluded to the fact that his distant island home, Cuba, remained a Spanish colony: “Those who have you, O Liberty, do not know you. Those deprived of you must not merely talk about, they must win you.”
Martí died in 1895, fighting for Cuba’s independence. In 2018, he was inducted into the New York State Writers Hall of Fame, alongside local luminaries Colson Whitehead and Alexander Hamilton.
Puerto Rico’s greatest poet also migrated from her Caribbean home island, where she was a teacher, to the isle of Manhattan. Julia de Burgos recounts this literary journey in one of her most famous poems, “Yo misma fui mi ruta” – “I was my own route.”
De Burgos’ inventive, daring poetry did indeed forge a new path for feminists, Latina and otherwise, in the early 20th century.
Against pressure to identify as white, the mixed-race de Burgos proclaimed her African heritage, calling herself “Black, of pure tint.”
In one experimental 1938 poem, de Burgos addresses the distance between her liberated identity as a writer and her constricted role as a woman.
“You in yourself have no say; everyone governs you; your husband, your family,” she writes in “To Julia de Burgos.” “In me only my heart governs, only my thought; who governs in me is me.”
In 1953, de Burgos was found dead, without identification, in uptown Manhattan and buried anonymously in a potter’s field on Manhattan’s Hart Island. A month later, her compatriots retrieved her remains and reburied her in Puerto Rico.
The New York Times featured de Burgos – a “poet who helped shape Puerto Rico’s identity” – in its overlooked women’s obituary series in May.
The poet and essayist Gloria Anzaldúa came from a family of Mexican-American farm laborers.
Her ancestors had for generations lived in Texas’ Rio Grande Valley, near the border that Anzaldúa memorably defined as “an open wound where the Third World grates against the first and bleeds.”
Anzaldúa’s work often celebrates her community’s bilingualism. She portrays it as an act of survival against the “linguistic terrorism” of the U.S. public school system, which required English-only teaching and offered “accent elimination” classes in a part of the U.S. that used to be Mexico.
Anzaldúa found such insults to her nonstandard way of speaking excruciating. “Until I can take pride in my language,” she once wrote, “I cannot take pride in myself.”
Anzaldúa is increasingly recognized as one of the 20th century’s most influential feminist and anti-racist essayists.
Why Cisneros has not received the same acclaim as Junot Díaz – a childhood sexual assault survivor who was recently accused of his own sexual impropriety – is perplexing.
My favorite of her novels is “Caramelo.” In this transnational coming-of-age story, a Mexican-American woman digs into her family history.
Learning from her abuela, Soledad, she discovers hidden truths about family tensions, border crossings and why her doting migrant papá, Inocencio, is not so innocent after all.
Cristina Henríquez, who was born in the U.S. after her Panamanian father went there to pursue graduate studies, is the best novelist you’ve never heard of.
Featuring first-person perspectives of Central and South Americans and Caribbean migrants, her books dramatically expand the popular conception of the U.S. Latino, long centered on Mexican-Americans and Puerto Ricans.
“The Book of Unknown Americans” tells the story of recent arrivals from Paraguay, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Panama, Puerto Rico and Mexico who live in a dingy apartment complex, enduring the back-breaking labor of harvesting mushrooms. Sometimes, after a 12-hour shift in the dark, they eat only oatmeal for dinner.
The teenage love story between the characters Maribel and Mayor – written in prose that The Washington Post says rises “to the level of poetry” – may help American readers appreciate the myriad reasons why Latin Americans migrate north, including dictatorships, a lack of specialized health care and violence.
That is, I think, Henríquez’s hope. As one Mexican character angrily states, in the U.S. he feels both invisible and vilified.
“I want them to see a guy who works hard, or a guy who loves his family,” he says. “I wish just one of those people, just one, would actually talk to me. … But none of them even want to try. We’re the unknown Americans.”

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