Latex Tabular
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Tables are common elements in most scientific documents, LATEX provides a large set of tools to customize tables, change the size, combine cells, change the colour of cells and so on. This article explains how.
Below you can see the simplest working example of a table
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ c c c }
cell1 & cell2 & cell3 \\
cell4 & cell5 & cell6 \\
cell7 & cell8 & cell9
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
The tabular environment is the default LATEX method to create tables. You must specify a parameter to this environment, {c c c} tells LaTeX that there will be three columns and that the text inside each one of them must be centred.
The tabular environment is more flexible, you can put separator lines in between each column.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c| }
\hline
cell1 & cell2 & cell3 \\
cell4 & cell5 & cell6 \\
cell7 & cell8 & cell9 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
It was already said that the tabular environment is used to type tables. To be more clear about how it works below is a description of each command.
Below you can see a second example.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{||c c c c||}
\hline
Col1 & Col2 & Col2 & Col3 \\ [0.5ex]
\hline\hline
1 & 6 & 87837 & 787 \\
\hline
2 & 7 & 78 & 5415 \\
\hline
3 & 545 & 778 & 7507 \\
\hline
4 & 545 & 18744 & 7560 \\
\hline
5 & 88 & 788 & 6344 \\ [1ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
This example shows double vertical and horizontal lines, when properly used help to keep the information within the table well organized.
When formatting a table you might require a fixed length either for each column or for the entire table. In the example below a fixed column width is established.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | m{5em} | m{1cm}| m{1cm} | }
\hline
cell1 dummy text dummy text dummy text& cell2 & cell3 \\
\hline
cell1 dummy text dummy text dummy text & cell5 & cell6 \\
\hline
cell7 & cell8 & cell9 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
First, to use the parameters shown in the example, you must import the package array in the preamble of your LATEX file with the next command
In the tabular environment, the parameter m{5em} sets a length of 5em for first column (1cm for the other two) and centres the text in the middle of the cell. The aligning options are m for middle, p for top and b for bottom. In standard tables new lines must be inserted manually so the table won't stretch out of the text area, when using this parameters the text is automatically formatted to fit inside each cell.
If you don't need to control the width of each cell, but of the entire table and then distribute the space within evenly, use the package tabularx. See the example below:
\begin{tabularx}{0.8\textwidth} {
| >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X
| >{\centering\arraybackslash}X
| >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}X | }
\hline
item 11 & item 12 & item 13 \\
\hline
item 21 & item 22 & item 23 \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
The environment tabularx is similar to tabular but more flexible, it's available after adding the line \usepackage{tabularx} to the preamble. Notice that the environment opening statement is different, in the example the table width is set to 0.8 the width of the text. You can use any of the LATEX units for such length.
The prefix inside braces | >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X | >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}X | sets the alignment of each column: the first one to left, the second one to center and the third one to right.
Rows and columns can be combined in a bigger cell. The example below is an example of the \multicolumn command to combine columns.
\begin{tabular}{ |p{3cm}||p{3cm}|p{3cm}|p{3cm}| }
\hline
\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Country List} \\
\hline
Country Name or Area Name& ISO ALPHA 2 Code &ISO ALPHA 3 Code&ISO numeric Code\\
\hline
Afghanistan & AF &AFG& 004\\
Aland Islands& AX & ALA &248\\
Albania &AL & ALB& 008\\
Algeria &DZ & DZA& 012\\
American Samoa& AS & ASM&016\\
Andorra& AD & AND &020\\
Angola& AO & AGO&024\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Let's see each part of the command \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Country List} \\:
To combine rows the package multirow must be imported with
in your preamble, then you can use the \multirow command in your document:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c| }
\hline
col1 & col2 & col3 \\
\hline
\multirow{3}{4em}{Multiple row} & cell2 & cell3 \\
& cell5 & cell6 \\
& cell8 & cell9 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
The command multirow takes three parameters. The first one is the number of rows to be combined, 3 in the example. The second parameter is the width of the column, 4em in the example. Finally, the third parameter is the content of the cell.
If you have to insert a very long table, which takes up two or more pages in your document, use the longtable package. First, add to the preamble the line
This will make the command longtable available.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{longtable}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}[c]{| c | c |}
\caption{Long table caption.\label{long}}\\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| c |}{Begin of Table}\\
\hline
Something & something else\\
\hline
\endfirsthead
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Continuation of Table \ref{long}}\\
\hline
Something & something else\\
\hline
\endhead
\hline
\endfoot
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| c |}{End of Table}\\
\hline\hline
\endlastfoot
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
...
Lots of lines & like this\\
\end{longtable}
longtable behaviour is similar to the default tabular, but generates tables that can be broken by the standard LATEX page-breaking algorithm. There are four elements long-table specific.
Positioning a table is easy if they're inside a float table environment.
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{||c c c c||}
\hline
Col1 & Col2 & Col2 & Col3 \\ [0.5ex]
\hline\hline
1 & 6 & 87837 & 787 \\
2 & 7 & 78 & 5415 \\
3 & 545 & 778 & 7507 \\
4 & 545 & 18744 & 7560 \\
5 & 88 & 788 & 6344 \\ [1ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
The parameter h! passed to the table environment declaration establishes that this table must be placed here, and override LATEX defaults. Other positioning parameters can be passed also:
For further examples on table positioning see the Positioning images and tables article.
In this example there are a few more commands.:
Tables can be captioned, labelled and referenced by means of the table environment.
The table \ref{table:1} is an example of referenced \LaTeX elements.
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{||c c c c||}
\hline
Col1 & Col2 & Col2 & Col3 \\ [0.5ex]
\hline\hline
1 & 6 & 87837 & 787 \\
2 & 7 & 78 & 5415 \\
3 & 545 & 778 & 7507 \\
4 & 545 & 18744 & 7560 \\
5 & 88 & 788 & 6344 \\ [1ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Table to test captions and labels}
\label{table:1}
\end{table}
There are three important commands in the example:
Note: The document may need to be compiled more than once for the labels to work.
To create a list of tables is straightforward.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\begin{document}
\listoftables
...
\end{document}
The caption of each table will be used to generate this list. For languages supported by the babel package, the title "List of tables" will be translated accordingly. See the article about International language support for more info.
Several table elements can be modified to achieve a good-looking document. Below you will learn how to modify the line thickness, the line colour and the background colour of the cells in your table.
The readability of the table sometimes is improved by incrementing the column spacing and row stretch.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{1mm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{18pt}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{ |p{3cm}|p{3cm}|p{3cm}| }
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Country List} \\
\hline
Country Name or Area Name& ISO ALPHA 2 Code &ISO ALPHA 3 \\
\hline
Afghanistan & AF &AFG \\
Aland Islands & AX & ALA \\
Albania &AL & ALB \\
Algeria &DZ & DZA \\
American Samoa & AS & ASM \\
Andorra & AD & AND \\
Angola & AO & AGO \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
A description of the commands is provided below:
It is a common practice to use two colours for alternating rows in a tables to improve readability. This can be achieved in LATEX with the package xcolor and the table parameter.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{1mm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{18pt}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2.5}
{\rowcolors{3}{green!80!yellow!50}{green!70!yellow!40}
\begin{tabular}{ |p{3cm}|p{3cm}|p{3cm}| }
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Country List} \\
\hline
Country Name or Area Name& ISO ALPHA 2 Code &ISO ALPHA 3 \\
\hline
Afghanistan & AF &AFG \\
Aland Islands & AX & ALA \\
Albania &AL & ALB \\
Algeria &DZ & DZA \\
American Samoa & AS & ASM \\
Andorra & AD & AND \\
Angola & AO & AGO \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
Notice the braces right before the command
\rowcolors{3}{green!80!yellow!50}{green!70!yellow!40}
and after the tabular environment. The command \rowcolors takes three parameters each passed inside braces:
See the xcolor package documentation (at the further reading section) for a list of available colours and how to create your own. In the example the colours green and yellow are mixed in different proportions.
For the command to work make sure to add
to the preamble of your LATEX file.
All elements in a table can be customized to use a specific colour. Again, this functionality is provided by xcolor so you must add
to the preamble. Below you can see an example.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{1mm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{18pt}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2.5}
\newcolumntype{s}{>{\columncolor[HTML]{AAACED}} p{3cm}}
\arrayrulecolor[HTML]{DB5800}
\begin{tabular}{ |s|p{3cm}|p{3cm}| }
\hline
\rowcolor{lightgray} \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Country List} \\
\hline
Country Name or Area Name& ISO ALPHA 2 Code &ISO ALPHA 3 \\
\hline
Afghanistan & AF &AFG \\
\rowcolor{gray}
Aland Islands & AX & ALA \\
Albania &AL & ALB \\
Algeria &DZ & DZA \\
American Samoa & AS & ASM \\
Andorra & AD & \cellcolor[HTML]{AA0044} AND \\
Angola & AO & AGO \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Below is a description about how to change the colour of each element in the table:
\newcolumntype{s}{>{\columncolor[HTML]{AAACED}} p{3cm}}
quick description of parameters in the tabular environment
Tables can be created using tabular environment.
the line at the top is aligned with the text baseline
the line at the bottom is aligned with the text baseline
the table is centred to the text baseline
paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the top
paragraph column with text vertically aligned in the middle (requires array package)
paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the bottom (requires array package)
the format form is repeated num times; for example *{3}{|l}| is equal to |l|l|l|
To separate between cells and introducing new lines use the following commands:
start new row (additional space may be specified after \\ using square brackets, such as \\[6pt])
start a new line within a cell (in a paragraph column)
partial horizontal line beginning in column i and ending in column j
https://latex.wikia.org/wiki/Tabular_(LaTeX_environment)
Advantages and Limitations
Column Definition
Lines / Rules
Layout
Floating Tabular
Other Packages
External Links
LaTeX doesn't require any packages to use tabular by itself, so tabular isubiquitous. The limitations of tabular are that it doesn't add sufficient whitespace around cells. Though it's not a limitation, many users add unnecessary vertical lines and double lines to their tables.The booktabs package has a few commands that vastly improve the quality of tabular's tables, an…
https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Tables
Introduction
Creating A Simple Table in Latex
Tables with Fixed Length
Combining Rows and Columns
Multi-Page Tables
Positioning Tables
Captions, Labels and References
Changing The Appearance of A Table
Reference Guide
The tabularenvironment is more flexible, you can put separator lines in between each column. It was already said that the tabularenvironment is used to type tables. To be more clear about how it works below is a description of each command. { |c|c|c| } 1. This declares that three columns, separated by a vertical line, are going to be used in the table. Each c means that the contents of t…
LaTex Tutorial # 14 - Tables | tabular Environment
https://riptutorial.com/latex/example/17506/the-tabular-environment
Перевести · The tabular environment is the most basic way to create a table in LaTeX and doesn't require any other packages. The parameter ( |lcr|| in the example) is called the table specification and tells LaTeX …
https://latex-tutorial.com/tutorials/tables
Перевести · LaTeX offers the table and tabular environment for table creation; The table environment acts like a wrapper for the tabular similar to the figure environment; Alignment …
https://texblog.org/2019/06/03/control-the-width-of-table-columns-tabular-in-latex
Motivation
Fixed Width Column-Types
Horizontal Alignment
Other Array Package Macros
LaTeX offers great functionality to create professionally looking tables. The default column types (left-aligned l; center-aligned c; and right-aligned r) adjust to the text size, rather than wrapping text automatically. This works well as long as the content in each cell is short and of similar length. However, often you want to display several words or even complete sentences and t…
What is the tabular environment in latex?
What is the tabular environment in latex?
The tabular environment is the default LaTeX method to create tables. You must specify a parameter to this environment, {c c c} tells LaTeX that there will be three columns and that the text inside each one of them must be centred. Open an example in Overleaf.
www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Tables
How do you make a tabular table in latex?
How do you make a tabular table in latex?
In the tabular* version, LaTeX will add supplementary space between the columns in order to make the table as wide as specified (i.e. extwidth ). However, the columns' widths do not change. You can see that the content of the second column is not centered relatively to the two vertical bars.
tex.stackexchange.com/questions/341205/…
In order to use the tabularx environment, the tabularx package must be loaded. This package provides a new column type called X, which is a derivative of the basic-LaTeX p column type. Like the tabular* environment, the tabularx environment takes two arguments: the intended width and the set of column specifications.
tex.stackexchange.com/questions/341205/…
How to break a long table in latex?
How to break a long table in latex?
Lots of lines & like this \\ \end{ longtable } longtable behaviour is similar to the default tabular, but generates tables that can be broken by the standard LaTeX page-breaking algorithm. There are four elements long-table specific. Everything above this command will appear at the beginning of the table, in the first page.
www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Tables
https://www.tug.org/pracjourn/2007-1/mori/mori.pdf
TEX offers to create tables and matrices are the tabular, tabular*, and array environments. The environment array can be used only in math mode; all these three environments generate a minipage. The syntax is \begin{array}[pos]{cols} rows \end{array} \begin{tabular}[pos]{cols} rows \end{tabular} \begin{tabular*}{width}[pos]{cols} rows \end{tabular…
Перевести · Import LaTeX tables. Under the logo, there's a File menu. Click on it and then follows File > Import table > LaTeX. My table is too wide ! What can I do ? You can fix the issue if you are generating LaTeX …
https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/341205
Перевести · In the tabular* version, LaTeX will add supplementary space between the columns in order to make the table as wide as specified (i.e. \textwidth ). However, the …
Check out the following MWE: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tabularx} \begin{document} \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|} \hline foo & bar &...
I will begin by showing a screenshot of tabular , tabular* and tabularx versions of one and the same, admittedly contrived, table. The materia...
Plain LaTeX tabular Every column takes its space, the total width of the table is the sum of the columns (plus inter-column space). ***% \begin{tab...
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63640135/how-to-center-text-vertically-in-table...
Перевести · I would like to center the text in each cell horizontally and vertically. With the code below, the text is centered horizontally but not vertically and appears at the top of the cells. …
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41519463/article/details/103737464
Перевести · 绘制Latex表格需要用到 table 和 tabular 环境。. 其中 table 环境里写表格的标题（caption）、表格的偏移之类的。. tabular 环境则是绘制表格的内容。. 一个简单的表格绘制代码如下所示：. 首先是 table 环境部分， \begin {center} 让表格居中， \caption {Your first table.} 写表格的标题。. 然后是 tabular …
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