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Suppose I want the output in latex to be some equation number, for example (1.1) . Then we use the command
Now I want the output to be $(1.1)^{p}$ for some $p$ . That is I want the output to the power of an equation number.
If p is a fixed exponent, it can easily be done with the \newtagform command from mathtools :
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% Math Operators with subscripts and superscripts
\int_ { - \infty } ^ { \infty } \quad
\coprod_ { k= 1 } ^ { \infty } \quad
% Math Operators with subscripts and superscripts
\[
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \quad
\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \quad
\prod_{j=1}^{n} \quad
\bigcup_{i \in I} \quad
\bigcap_{i \in I} \quad
\coprod_{k=1}^{\infty} \quad
\lim_{n\to \infty}
\]

© 2022 Copyright LaTeX-Tutorial.com
In mathematics, it is common to use as part of the language notation small symbols written at the top or bottom of a given symbol. These are called subscript and superscript, respectively. In this short tutorial, we will learn how to do subscript and superscript in LaTeX !
When we want to include more than one element in the subscript we will have to enclose those elements inside braces . For example, you can check the output produced by the following code:
You can see the difference between using the braces and not using them. The same goes for the superscripts !
Subscripts and superscripts can be both used at the same time , as in the equation:
And they can even be nested (e.g. double subscript) , for example:
It is a bit subtle, but observe that the first nested subscripts or superscript has a slightly smaller size than the previous one. However, from that point on, all nested subscripts or superscripts will have the same size as the second level.
Certain mathematical operators require subscripts, superscripts, or both. These sub and superscripts are also inserted using the _ and ^ symbols ; LaTeX automatically knows where to typeset them depending on the kind of operator that is being used. Some of the most common ones are the following:
\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \quad \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \quad \prod_{j=1}^{n} \quad \bigcup_{i \in I} \quad \bigcap_{i \in I} \quad \coprod_{k=1}^{\infty} \quad \lim_{n\to \infty} \]
Most subscript and superscript, also called limits, in the case of the operators will be printed differently when used inline, mainly by positioning them at the top or bottom right . For instance, the first two operators of the previous example are: $ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}$ and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}$
If you don’t like this new behavior and prefer for legibility that they take up a larger amount of space than a normal line, you can use the command \displaystyle inside math mode . For example:
$\displaystyle \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}$
produces the output $ \displaystyle \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} $ compared to the previous one: $ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} $.
We reached the end of this tutorial, If you have any remarks or suggestions, please feel free to reach us via email at admin@latex-tutorial.com
n this tutorial, we will see how to write a multiple-choice exam in LaTeX, using the exam document class. This document class provides multiple tools to easily typeset exams in LaTeX, and we have...
In this step by step tutorial, we will learn how to typeset a professional CV, and gain some more insight into how LaTeX works with a practical example.
LaTeX-Tutorial provides step-by-step lessons to learn how to use LaTeX in no time. It allows you to start creating beautiful documents for your reports, books and papers through easy and simple tutorials.

\[ \int\limits _ 0 ^ 1 x^ 2 + y^ 2 \ dx \]

\[ \int _ 0 ^ 1 x^ 2 + y^ 2 \ dx \]

\[ a_ 1 ^ 2 + a_ 2 ^ 2 = a_ 3 ^ 2 \]

\[ x^{ 2 \alpha } - 1 = y_{ij} + y_{ij} \]

\[ ( a^n ) ^{r + s} = a^{nr + ns} \]

\[ \sum _{i = 1 }^{ \infty } \frac { 1 }{n^s}
= \prod _p \frac { 1 }{ 1 - p^{ - s}} \]

Here are some examples of simple usage of subscripts and superscripts:

\[ \int\limits _ 0 ^ 1 x^ 2 + y^ 2 \ dx \]

\vspace { 1cm }

Using superscript and subscripts in the same expression

\[ a_ 1 ^ 2 + a_ 2 ^ 2 = a_ 3 ^ 2 \]

\vspace { 1cm }

Longer subscripts and superscripts:

\[ x^{ 2 \alpha } - 1 = y_{ij} + y_{ij} \]

\vspace { 1cm }

Nested subscripts and superscripts

\[ ( a^n ) ^{r + s} = a^{nr + ns} \]

\vspace { 1cm }

Example of a mathematical equation with subscripts and superscripts

\[ \sum _{i = 1 }^{ \infty } \frac { 1 }{n^s} = \prod _p \frac { 1 }{ 1 - p^{ - s}} \]

\vspace { 1cm }

Squared root usage

\[ \sqrt [ 4 ] { 4 ac} = \sqrt { 4 ac} \sqrt { 4 ac} \]

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The use of superscripts and subscripts is very common in mathematical expressions involving exponents, indexes, and in some special operators. This article explains how to write superscripts and subscripts in simple expressions, integrals, summations and so forth.

Definite integrals are some of the most common mathematical expressions, so let's see an example:

By convention, superscripts and subscripts in L a T e X are created using the characters ^ and _ respectively; for example, the exponents applied to x and y in the code fragment above. Those characters can also be used with mathematical symbols, such as the integral ( \int ) included in the example above where _ is used to set the lower limit and the ^ for the upper limit.

The command \limits changes the way the limits are displayed in the integral, if not present the limits would be next to the integral symbol instead of being on top and bottom:

The symbols _ and ^ can also be combined in the same expression, for example:

If the expression contains long superscripts or subscripts, these need to be collected in braces, as L a T e X normally applies the mathematical commands ^ and _ only to the following character:

Subscripts and superscripts can be nested and combined in various ways. When nesting subscripts/superscripts, however, remember that each command must refer to a single element; this can be a single letter or number, as in the examples above, or a more complex mathematical expression collected in braces or brackets. For example:

Some mathematical operators may require subscripts and superscripts. The most frequent cases are those of the integral \int (check the introduction ) and the summation ( \sum ) operators, whose bounds are typeset precisely with subscripts and superscripts.

For other frequently used operators that require subscripts/superscripts check the reference guide .

Use the link provided below to open all the examples above as a single Overleaf project:

There are also bigcup and bigcap commands similar to cup and cap but those are used for larger expressions.

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a

n

i

{\displaystyle a_{n_{i}}}

∫

i
=
1

n

{\displaystyle \int _{i=1}^{n}}

∑

i
=
1

∞

{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }}

∏

i
=
1

n

{\displaystyle \prod _{i=1}^{n}}

∪

i
=
1

n

{\displaystyle \cup _{i=1}^{n}}

∩

i
=
1

n

{\displaystyle \cap _{i=1}^{n}}

∮

i
=
1

n

{\displaystyle \oint _{i=1}^{n}}

∐

i
=
1

n

{\displaystyle \coprod _{i=1}^{n}}

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