Latex Including

Latex Including
\input vs. \include in latex - \include only in latex
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Latex \input vs. \include in latex - \include only in latex

In Latex, there are two different commands to incorporate another file into the source of some document, \input and \include
\input{filename} imports the commands from filename.tex into the target file, it's equivalent to typing all the commands from filename.tex right into the current file where the \input line is. \include{filename} essentially does a \clearpage before and after \input{filename}, together with some magic to switch to another .aux file, and omits the inclusion at all if you have.
Important properties of \input in latex :

We can use \input basically everywhere with any content. It is usable in the preamble, inside packages and in the document. We can nest \input macros. We can use \input inside a file which is read using \input. The only thing \input does is to input the file. It doesn’t have any side effects, but don't get any extra features.
In crisp, \input command in latex effectively replaces the command with the contents of the input file. \input's can be nested. So, you can write:
\documentclass{article}

\begin{ document }

WIKITECHY AAA

\input{b}

WIKITECHY AAA

\end{ document }

WIKITECHY AAA
WIKITECHY BBB
WIKITECHY CCC
WIKITECHY BBB
WIKITECHY AAA

Without Argumenet : An \includeonly without the filename in the argument. This is primarily helped when you have a big project on a slow computer; changing one of the include targets won't force you to regenerate the outputs of all the rest. With Argument : \include{filename} gets you the fast peformance,
it also can't be nested, can't appear in the preamble, forces page breaks around the included text.
Important properties of \include command in latex:

\include command can't be used anywhere except in the document and only where a page break is allowed.
Because of the \clearpage and the own .aux file \include doesn't work in the preamble, inside packages. Using it in restricted modes or math mode won't work properly, while \input is fine there.
\include command can't nest \include files. \include command can't use \include inside a file which is read by \include. This is by intention and is because to avoid issues with the .aux files. Otherwise three .aux files (main, parent \include, child \include) would be open at the same time which was deemed to complicated. \include command can use \input inside an \include file and also \input an \include file.
Biggest benefit: You can use \includeonly{filename1,filename2,...} in the preamble to only include specific \include files.
Because, the state of the document (i.e. above mentioned counter values) was stored in an own .aux file all page and sectioning numbers will still be correct. This is very useful in the writing process of a large document because it allows you to only compile the chapter you currently write on while skipping the others. Also, if used persistently it can be used to create PDFs of sub-parts of your document, like only the front matter or everything but/only the appendix, etc. There is also the excludeonly package which provides an \excludeonly to exclude only certain files instead of including all other files.
include triggers a newpage both before and after the included material, rather as though you'd used an \input flanked by \clearpage commands. include also supports the \includeonly mechanism. So, the file:
\documentclass{article}

\includeonly{c}

\begin{ document }

AAA

\include{b}

\include{c}

AAA

\end{ document }

with b.tex and c.tex as before, will produce output with AAA on page one, CCC on page two, and AAA on page 3.
The \include and \includeonly pair is very useful for working on long documents: you can \includeonly the file which you are editing, and compilation is much faster. If you do two runs on the full file before using \includeonly, page numbers and cross-references will remain valid for the quicker \includeonly compilation.
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LaTeX symbols have either names (denoted by backslash) or special characters. They are organized into seven classes based on their role in a mathematical expression. This is not a comprehensive list. Refer to the external references at the end of this article for more information.

Letters are rendered in italic font; numbers are upright / roman. \ imath and \ jmath make "dotless" i and j, which are useful in conjunction with hats and accents .

Lower case Greek letters are rendered in italic font; upper case Greek letters are rendered in upright/Roman.

  \ Gamma
  \ Delta
  \ Lambda
  \ Phi
  \ Pi
  \ Psi
  \ Sigma
  \ Theta

  \ alpha
  \ beta
  \ gamma
  \ delta
  \ epsilon
  \ zeta
  \ eta
  \ theta

  \ iota
  \ kappa
  \ lambda
  \ mu
  \ nu
  \ xi
  \ pi
  \ rho

  \ sigma
  \ tau
  \ upsilon
  \ phi
  \ chi
  \ psi
  \ omega

  \ digamma
  \ varepsilon
  \ varkappa
  \ varphi
  \ varpi
  \ varrho
  \ varsigma
  \ vartheta

  \ aleph
  \ beth
  \ daleth
  \ gimel

  \ complement
  \ ell
  \ eth
  \ hbar

  \ hslash
  \ mho
  \ partial
  \ wp
The following characters don't have any spacing associated with them. That is, they are simple symbols, in class 0.

  \ #
  \ angle
  \ backprime
  \ bigstar
  \ blacklozenge
  \ blacksquare
  \ blacktriangle
  \ blacktriangledown
  \ bot

  \ clubsuit
  \ diagdown
  \ diagup
  \ diamondsuit
  \ emptyset
  \ exists
  \ flat
  \ forall
  \ heartsuit

  \ infty
  \ lozenge
  \ measuredangle
  \ nabla
  \ natural
  \ neg or \ lnot
  \ nexists
  \ prime
  \ S

  \ sharp
  \ spadesuit
  \ sphericalangle
  \ square
  \ surd
  \ top
  \ triangle
  \ triangledown
  \ varnothing
There is also a command \& which is not supported by Wikia's LaTeX parser.

Symbols that go above, below, or in the corners of other symbols.

Note 1: dotless i and j (symbols \imath and \jmath ) can be used to leave room for whatever hat you want them to wear.

Note 2: \sideset takes two required parameters, left side and right side, and must be followed by a sum class math operator that normally takes subscripts and superscripts below and above the symbol.

  \ overleftarrow{xxx}
  \ overrightarrow{xxx}
  \ overleftrightarrow{xxx}
  \ xleftarrow[under]{over}
  \ xrightarrow[under]{over}
The following commands are not supported by the Wikia's LaTeX parser:

Bold face: \ boldsymbol and \mathbf make bold face symbols, and \ pmb makes very bold face symbols. However, \mathbf cannot be applied to Greek symbols, for instance. The AMS "short guide" (see references) contains a cryptic comment, "generally speaking, it is ill-advised to apply \boldsymbol to more than one symbol at a time." Best not to discover why!

\boldsymbol{\pi} \mathbf{A}_{\boldsymbol{0} }

The \pmb command is not supported by the Wikia's LaTeX parser.

Simple symbols (class 0) are rendered without any space between them. Operators (class 1) are rendered with spaces. Spacing symbols change the amount of spacing, either by adding more space or taking spaces away. Space is measured in math units , or mu. 18mu equals 1em.

NOTE: commands \thinspace , \medspace , \thickspace , \negthinspace , \negmedspace , \negthickspace , \mspace , and \: are not impemented here at wikia.org!

Spaces of exactly the size of some rendered text can be obtained using the \ phantom , command, and its cousins, \ hphantom and \ vphantom . They are not implemented here at wikia.org!

These prefix operators accumulate the things they're prefixed to. "Extensible" means they have variable size to accommodate their operands, and their limits can appear below and above the operator.

  \ int
  \ oint
  \ bigcap
  \ bigcup

  \ bigodot
  \ bigoplus
  \ bigotimes
  \ bigsqcup
The \smallint command is not supported by the Wikia's LaTeX parser.

If your favorite operator, say, "foo", isn't listed, then you won't be able to use \foo(x) in your LaTeX equation. But don't fret. You can get the same result with \ operatorname {foo}(x). If your made-up operator needs displayed limits, as in \lim or \max , then use \operatorname*{foo} , as in the example in the following table.

  \ arccos
  \ arcsin
  \ arctan
  \ arg
  \ cos
  \ cosh
  \ cot
  \ coth
  \ csc
  \ deg

  \ det
  \ dim
  \ exp
  \ gcd
  \ hom
  \ inf
  \ injlim
  \ ker
  \ lg
  \ lim

  \ liminf
  \ limsup
  \ ln
  \ log
  \ max
  \ min
  \ Pr
  \ projlim
  \ sec
  \ sin

  \ sinh
  \ sup
  \ tan
  \ tanh
  \ varinjlim
  \ varprojlim
  \ varliminf
  \ varlimsup
  \ operatorname{foo}_0^1

The command \operatorname* is not supported by the wikia's LaTeX parser.

  *
  +
  -
  \ amalg
  \ ast
  \ barwedge
  \ bigcirc
  \ bigtriangledown
  \ bigtriangleup
  \ boxdot
  \ boxminus
  \ boxplus
  \ boxtimes
  \ bullet
  \ cap

  \ Cap or \ doublecap
  \ cdot
  \ centerdot
  \ circ
  \ circledast
  \ circledcirc
  \ circleddash
  \ cup
  \ Cup or \ doublecup
  \ curlyvee
  \ curlywedge
  \ dagger
  \ ddagger
  \ diamond
  \ div

  \ divideontimes
  \ dotplus
  \ doublebarwedge
  \ gtrdot
  \ intercal
  \ leftthreetimes
  \ lessdot
  \ ltimes
  \ mp
  \ odot
  \ ominus
  \ oplus
  \ oslash
  \ otimes
  \ pm

  \ rightthreetimes
  \ rtimes
  \ setminus
  \ smallsetminus
  \ sqcap
  \ sqcup
  \ star
  \ times
  \ triangleleft
  \ triangleright
  \ uplus
  \ vee or \ lor
  \ veebar
  \ wedge or \ land
  \ wr

  <
  =
  >
  \ approx
  \ approxeq
  \ asymp
  \ backsim
  \ backsimeq
  \ bumpeq
  \ Bumpeq
  \ circeq
  \ cong
  \ curlyeqprec
  \ curlyeqsucc
  \ doteq
  \ doteqdot or \ Doteq
  \ eqcirc
  \ eqsim
  \ eqslantgtr
  \ eqslantless
  \ equiv
  \ fallingdotseq
  \ geq or \ ge

  \ geqq
  \ geqslant
  \ gg
  \ ggg or \ gggtr
  \ gnapprox
  \ gneq
  \ gneqq
  \ gnsim
  \ gtrapprox
  \ gtreqless
  \ gtreqqless
  \ gtrless
  \ gtrsim
  \ gvertneqq
  \ leq or \ le
  \ leqq
  \ leqslant
  \ lessapprox
  \ lesseqgtr
  \ lesseqqgtr
  \ lessgtr
  \ lesssim
  \ ll

  \ lll or \ llless
  \ lnapprox
  \ lneq
  \ lneqq
  \ lnsim
  \ lvertneqq
  \ ncong
  \ neq or \ ne
  \ ngeq
  \ ngeqq
  \ ngeqslant
  \ ngtr
  \ nleq
  \ nleqq
  \ nleqslant
  \ nless
  \ nprec
  \ npreceq
  \ nsim
  \ nsucc
  \ nsucceq
  \ prec
  \ precapprox

  \ preccurlyeq
  \ preceq
  \ precnapprox
  \ precneqq
  \ precnsim
  \ precsim
  \ risingdotseq
  \ sim
  \ simeq
  \ succ
  \ succapprox
  \ succcurlyeq
  \ succeq
  \ succnapprox
  \ succneqq
  \ succnsim
  \ succsim
  \ thickapprox
  \ thicksim
  \ triangleq

  \ circlearrowleft
  \ circlearrowright
  \ curvearrowleft
  \ curvearrowright
  \ downdownarrows
  \ downharpoonleft
  \ downharpoonright
  \ hookleftarrow
  \ hookrightarrow
  \ leftarrow or \ gets
  \ Leftarrow
  \ leftarrowtail
  \ leftharpoondown
  \ leftharpoonup
  \ leftleftarrows
  \ leftrightarrow
  \ Leftrightarrow
  \ leftrightarrows
  \ leftrightharpoons
  \ leftrightsquigarrow
  \ Lleftarrow

  \ longleftarrow
  \ Longleftarrow
  \ longleftrightarrow
  \ Longleftrightarrow
  \ longmapsto
  \ longrightarrow
  \ Longrightarrow or
          \ implies
  \ looparrowleft
  \ looparrowright
  \ Lsh
  \ mapsto
  \ multimap
  \ nLeftarrow
  \ nLeftrightarrow
  \ nRightarrow
  \ nearrow
  \ nleftarrow
  \ nleftrightarrow
  \ nrightarrow
  \ nwarrow

  \ rightarrow or \ to
  \ Rightarrow
  \ rightarrowtail
  \ rightharpoondown
  \ rightharpoonup
  \ rightleftarrows
  \ rightleftharpoons
  \ rightrightarrows
  \ rightsquigarrow
  \ Rrightarrow
  \ Rsh
  \ searrow
  \ swarrow
  \ twoheadleftarrow
  \ twoheadrightarrow
  \ upharpoonleft
  \ upharpoonright or
     \ restriction
  \ upuparrows

  \ backepsilon
  \ because
  \ between
  \ blacktriangleleft
  \ blacktriangleright
  \ bowtie
  \ dashv
  \ frown
  \ in
  \ mid
  \ models
  \ ni or \ owns
  \ nmid
  \ notin
  \ nparallel
  \ nshortmid
  \ nshortparallel
  \ nsubseteq

  \ nsubseteqq
  \ nsupseteq
  \ nsupseteqq

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