Latex Environment
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A LaTeX environment is one of the following:
Text inside a float environment is "floated" according to its placement, an optional parameter. The standard report and article classes use the default placement [tbp]. The float environments are figure and table .
\begin{figure}[placement]
Β % body of the figure
Β \caption{figure title}
\end{figure}
The table environment has the same characteristics as the figure environment. [ improvement needed : elaborate]
The list environments are description , enumerate , itemize , and the generic list , which is seldom used in text, but often in macros. Within a list environment item commands are used to identify the items in the list.
The description environment produces a labeled list.
\begin{description}
\item [label] First item
\item [label] Second item
The enumerate environment produces a numbered list. At least one item is needed. Enumerate lists can be nested inside other enumerate lists, up to four levels deep.
\begin{enumerate}
\item First item
\item Second item
The itemize environment creates an unnumbered, or "bulleted" list.
\begin{itemize}
\item First item
\item Second item
\begin{list}{label}{fmt-params}
\item First item
\item Second item
The math environments are math , displaymath , array , eqnarray , equation , and theorem
The math environment is used within paragraph mode to place mathematical symbols inline with the paragraph's text. The following are all equivalent:
In a wiki, the ... tags create a math environment.
Note: The AMS Short Math Guide recommends against using $$ ... $$ to enter displaymath mode, because it is not documented in the TeX manual, and because it interferes with the proper operation of the fleqn option .
The split environment is used to write multiple lines that are aligned using the ampersand (&) character.
a& =b+c-d\\
& \quad +e-f\\
& =g+h\\
\end{split}
The array environment is used to make a table of information, with column alignment (left, center, or right) and optional vertical lines separating the columns.
\begin{array}{col1col2β¦coln}
item11 & item12 β¦ & item1n\\
item21 & item22 β¦ & item2n\\
itemn1 & itemn2 β¦ & itemnn\\
\end{array}
Each of col1, col2, etc. is a single letter,
If a horizontal line is needed in the matrix, \ hline can be used.
Within the matrix itself, columns are separated by an &, and each row ends with a double backslash, \\.
\begin{eqnarray}
math formula 1
math formula 2
An equation number is placed on every line unless that line has a \ nonumber command. The command \ lefteqn is used for splitting long formulas across lines. It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of zero width.
The equation environment centers the equation, and places an equation number in the right margin.
\begin{equation}
... math formula
\end{equation}
An asterisk is used for unnumbered equations:
\begin{equation*}
... math formula
\end{equation*}
An equation can be given a label using the \ label command, which can later be referenced using the \ eqref command.
\begin{equation}\label{xyz}
... math formula
\end{equation}
The subequations environment affixes letters a, b, c... to the end of the equation number within the environment.
\begin{equation}\label{first}
x=y+z
\end{equation}
some intervening text
\begin{subequations}\label{grp}
\begin{align}
a&=b+c\label{second}\\
d&=e+f+g\label{third}\\
h&=i+j\label{fourth}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
The multiline environment lets you split equations over multiple lines, aligning the beginning of the equation with the left margin, and the end of it with the right margin. Equations are numbered.
\begin{multline}
a+b+c+d+e+f\\
+i+j+k+l+m+n
\end{multline}
The gather environment gathers and centers equations; each equation is numbered; not available in wiki.
\begin{gather}
a_1=b_1+c_1\\
a_2=b_2+c_2-d_2+e_2
\end{gather}
The align environment lets you use the ampersand (&) to align multiple equations; each equation is numbered; not available in wiki.
\begin{align}
a_{11}& =b_{11}&
a_{12}& =b_{12}\\
a_{21}& =b_{21}&
a_{22}& =b_{22}+c_{22}
\end{align}
The flalign environment lets you use the ampersand (&) to align multiple equations. The leftmost and rightmost columns are aligned with the margins.
\begin{flalign*}
a_{11}& =b_{11}&
a_{12}& =b_{12}\\
a_{21}& =b_{21}&
a_{22}& =b_{22}+c_{22}
\end{flalign*}
The theorem environment produces "Therem x" in bold face, followed by your theorem text. [ improvement needed : elaborate - how is theorem name specified?]
\begin{theorem}
... theorem text
\end{theorem}
The matrix environments are matrix , pmatrix , bmatrix , Bmatrix , vmatrix , Vmatrix , and smallmatrix . Each provides a table for expressions, aligned in rows and columns. The main difference between the various types of matrix is the kind of delimeters that surround them.
Each row of a matrix ends with two backslashes (\\). Each column ends with an ampersand (&).
The cases environment is used to left-brace a group of equations or a piecewise-defined function, for example,
The align environment can be used to align equations.
The alignat environment can be used to align equations, and explicitly specify the number of "equation" columns. An equation column has two parts, separated by the equals-sign. Essentially, this is an array with alternating right-aligned and left-aligned columns. The required parameter of alignat is the maximum number of ampersands in a row plus 1, and then divided by 2. One use of alignat is to explicitly specify the amount of horizontal space between columns by including the required spacing in the first row.
For some reason, in the wikia wiki, the "align" and "alignat" environments cause errors.
The paragraph environments are center , flushleft , flushright , minipage , quotation , quote , verbatim , and verse . Within a paragraph environment, each line must be terminated with a double backslash, \\.
Related commands are centering , raggedright , raggedleft , parbox , footnote , footnotetext , and verb
The center environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are centered within the left and right margins on the current page.
The flushleft environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flushed left, to the left-hand margin.
The flushright environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flushed right, to the right-hand margin.
The minipage environment is similar to the \ parbox command. It is not advisable to nest minipage environments, because it messes up footnote positioning.
\begin{minipage}[position]{width}
... text
\end{minipage}
The margins of the quotation environment are indented on the left and the right. The text is justified at both margins and there is paragraph indentation.
The margins of the quotation environment are indented on the left and the right. The text is justified at both margins without paragraph indentation
Uses typewriter (\ tt ) style, similar to the \ verb command.
The verse environment is designed for poetry. The margins are indented on the left and the right. End each lines with \\, and use a blank line to separate the stanzas.
\begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset)
\begin{tabbing}
function \= fact(nΒ : integer)Β : integer;
The tabular environment uses ampersands (&) to separate columns.
\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols}
column 1 entry & column 2 entry β¦ & column n entry
\begin{tabular*}{width}[pos]{cols}
column 1 entry & column 2 entry β¦ & column n entry
The thebibliography environment is used to print a bibliography. Related commands are bibitem , cite , nocite
\begin{thebibliography}{widest-label}
\bibitem[label]{cite_key}
The titlepage environment is used to print a title page. It has no printed page number or page heading. The following page is numbered page 1. A related commands is maketitle .
Failed to parse (unknown function "\begin{split}"): {\displaystyle \begin{split} a& =b+c-d\\ & \quad +e-f\\ & =g+h\\ \end{split}}
f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2 &\ mbox {if } n \ equiv 0 \\ (3n +1)/2 & \mbox{if } n \equiv 1. \end{cases} \ pmod {2}
\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \end{align}
\begin{alignat}{2} r&l\quad\quad\quad&r&l\\ a& =b &\quad\quad c& =d\\ aaa& =bbb& ccc& =ddd \end{alignat}
aligning a series of equations, specifying the number of right-left pairs
\begin { center }
This text will be centred since it is inside a special
environment. Environments provide a efficient way of modifying
blocks of text within your document.
\end { center }
\begin { tabular }{ c c c }
cell1 & cell2 & cell3 \\
cell4 & cell5 & cell6 \\
cell7 & cell8 & cell9 \\
\end { tabular }
\newenvironment { boxed }
{ \begin { center }
\begin { tabular }{ |p { 0.9 \textwidth } | }
\hline\\
}
{
\\\\\hline
\end { tabular }
\end { center }
}
%--------------------------------------------------
Below this line a boxed environment is used
\begin { boxed }
This is the text formatted by the boxed environment
\end { boxed }
This text is again outside the environment
\newenvironment { boxed } [1]
{ \begin { center }
#1 \\ [1ex]
\begin { tabular }{ |p { 0.9 \textwidth } | }
\hline\\
}
{
\\\\\hline
\end { tabular }
\end { center }
}
%--------------------------------------------------
Below this line a boxed environment is used
\begin { boxed }{ Title of the Box }
This is the text formatted by the boxed environment
\end { boxed }
This text is again outside the environment
\newenvironment { Example } [2][Example]
{ This is an #1. You gave #2 as an argument. The rest will be bold: \bfseries }
{}
%In the preamble
---------------------------------
%Numbered environment
\newcounter { example } [section]
\newenvironment { example } [1][] { \refstepcounter { example } \par\medskip
\noindent \textbf { Example~ \theexample . #1 } \rmfamily }{ \medskip }
%Numbered environment defined with Newtheorem
\usepackage { amsmath }
\newtheorem { SampleEnv }{ Sample Environment } [section]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin { example }
User-defined numbered environment
\end { example }
\begin { SampleEnv }
User-defined environment created with the \texttt { newtheorem } command.
\end { SampleEnv }
\renewenvironment { itemize }
{ \begin { center } \em }
{ \end { center }}
%--------------------------------------------------
\begin { itemize }
This is now an environment that centres the text and
emphasizes it.
\end { itemize }
Environments are used to format blocks of text in a L a T e X documents. This article explains how to use environments and how to define new ones.
Below you can see a very simple example on how to use an environment.
In this example all the text inside the center environment is centred.
Environments are delimited by an opening tag \begin and a closing tag \end . Everything inside those tags will be formatted in a special manner depending on the type of the environment.
This environment tabular takes an additional argument { c c c } to determine the alignment of the cells (See the Tables article for more information).
Environments may accept optional arguments that usually are passed inside brackets []
Just as with commands , you can define new environments.
The new environment definition is achieved by the \newenvironment tag:
This environment will draw a box around the text within.
Right after the \newenvironment , in between braces, you must write the name of the environment, boxed in the example. Below that are two pairs of braces. Inside the first pair of braces is set what your new environment will do before the text within, then inside the second pair of braces declare what your new environment will do after the text.
In the example, in between the before braces a tabular environment is started to draw the vertical lines and a horizontal line is drawn. Inside the after braces another horizontal line is drawn and the tabular environment is closed. Additionally it's enclosed by a center environment.
Environments that accept parameters can also be defined. Let's enhance the previous example to put a title for the box:
As you see, the command definition is almost the same as in the example of the previous section, except for [1] that sets the number of parameters to be used in the environment; and #1\\[1ex] that inserts the parameter at the top of the box and also separates the title from the box by a 1ex blank space.
So you can specify how many parameters an environment takes using an optional argument to \newenvironment . In fact you can use two optional arguments, the first specifying the number of parameters, the second defining a default value for the first one which then will be an optional parameter. So
defines a new environment called Example which takes one optional and one mandatory argument. The default value for the optional one will be "Example". You can use this environment with \begin{Example}[inspiring example]{argument} or with \begin{Example}{argument} . Note that you can only access the parameters inside the code definition for the code used before the contents of the environment.
Numbered environments can be created either manually or directly with the command \newtheorem . These commands can also include a \label tag for cross reference.
In the manually-defined environment the command \newcounter{example}[section] creates a counter called example that will be reset every time a new section is started. The counter is incremented by one with \refstepcounter{example} within the environment definition, and its value is printed using \theexample . See the article about counters to learn more.
Alternatively, the command \newtheorem creates a numbered environment directly. This command takes three parameters: the name of the new environment, the text to be printed in blackbold font at the beginning of the line, and finally an optional parameter that determines when the counter is reset; and if it's used the counter gets preceded by that reset counter's value. In the example the arguments are SampleEnv , Sample Environment and section respectively. The amsthm (and similarly amsmath ) package provides useful extra definitions alongside \newtheorem ; see Theorems and proofs for further details.
Environments can be overwritten with \renewenvironment . The syntax is equivalent to that of the \newenvironment definition.
In this example we overwrite the itemize environment so instead of listing elements, this new environment centres and emphasizes the text within; resulting in italicizing it because of the standard rules for \em and \emph . Note that this is only done as an example and should be considered a bad idea in a real document.
Both with \newenvironment and \renewenvironment you can specify how many arguments the environment should take using \newenvironment{}[] and you can specify an optional argument using \newenvironment{}[][] .
https://latex.wikia.org/wiki/List_of_LaTeX_environments
https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Environments
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List of LaTeX environments | LaTeX Wiki | Fandom
Environments - Overleaf, Online LaTeX Editor
LaTeX: Environments
What is latex environment ? - Latex International ...
10. Defining Environments - Dickimaw Books
Theorems and proofs - Overleaf, Online LaTeX Editor
\newenvironment - Tex Command - Tutorialspoint
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Latex Environment
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