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This page contains references to core documentation about LaTeX written by the
LaTeX team . Articles on specific topics, talks,
etc. can be found on
the publication page indexed
by topic.
In addition pointer to
documentation in other languages (usually developed and maintained by user groups)
is given. To find documentation that is
available elsewhere on the net, visit the links
page . Also, there's a whole page
dedicated to books on LaTeX and related
topics .
If you know about a good resource of TeX and related documentation not listed here or on
the links page ,
please contact us .
A short introduction to LaTeX (with some focus on the differences
between the old LaTeX 2.09 and current standard LaTeX2e) is given in
the following document:
This is augmented by the following document that describes newer features (started 2020):
For more extensive introductory documentation take a look at the links to
contributed documentation that have their own page.
More advanced documentation about core LaTeX, which is available via the net includes:
The hook management introduced in 2020 is largely intended for package developers. However, most of the available hooks can also be useful for document authors. The documentation is currently split across several documents:
Specifically targeting the typesetting of mathematics is:
Yukitoshi FUJIMURA kindly translated two of the above documents to the Japanese language. These are
He also provided a translation of “Short Math Guide for LaTeX” distributed and maintained
by the American Mathematical Society (AMS):
Changes made to the LaTeX kernel or to core packages maintained by the
LaTeX team are discussed in some detail in the
LaTeX News Newsletters
that come as part of each release.
A summary sorted by release is given in the following document:
The full documentation of the source code with all commands and their
implementation can be obtained by processing source2e.tex
distributed as part of the LaTeX2e distribution. A compiled version (from a recent release)
with a list of all major changes and an index of all commands and
their usage within the kernel is
As a companion document Martin Scharrer compiled a useful reference
list with links back into the previous document if both are stored in
the same directory:
For the implementation of the standard classes article , report ,
and book there also exists a document that contains the complete sources
with commentary:
In 2015 we introduced a roll-back/roll-forward functionality by which
it becomes possible to reset the kernel code (though not external
packages at this stage) to the behavior that it had on a particular
date. This can be useful when processing older documents. It is
documented here:
There is a lot of documentation in languages other than English. Lists of books and other resources in other languages are maintained by TeX user groups in the respective countries. The following are known to us:
List of books on LaTeX in English, French, German, and Spanish.
Links to contributed documentation, tutorials, videos, communities, etc.
Get LaTeX for Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and Online.
LaTeX is a document preparation system used for the communication and publication of scientific documents. LaTeX is free software and is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License .
\documentclass { article }
\begin { document }
First document. This is a simple example, with no
extra parameters or packages included.
\end { document }
\documentclass [12pt, letterpaper] { article }
\usepackage [utf8] { inputenc }
\title { First document }
\author { Hubert Farnsworth \thanks { funded by the Overleaf team }}
\date { February 2014 }
\documentclass [12pt, letterpaper, twoside] { article }
\usepackage [utf8] { inputenc }
\title { First document }
\author { Hubert Farnsworth \thanks { funded by the Overleaf team }}
\date { February 2014 }
\begin { document }
\begin { titlepage }
\maketitle
\end { titlepage }
In this document some extra packages and parameters
were added. There is an encoding package
and pagesize and fontsize parameters.
\end { document }
\documentclass [12pt, letterpaper, twoside] { article }
\usepackage [utf8] { inputenc }
\begin { document }
\begin { abstract }
This is a simple paragraph at the beginning of the document. A brief introduction to the main subject.
\end { abstract }
In this document some extra packages and parameters
were added. There is an encoding package,
and pagesize and fontsize parameters.
This line will start a second paragraph. And I can
break \\ the lines \\ and continue on a new line.
\end { document }
\documentclass { article }
\usepackage [utf8] { inputenc } %codification of the document
\usepackage { comment }
%Here begins the body of the document
\begin { document }
This document contains a lot of comments, none of them
will appear here, only this text.
This document contains a lot of comments, none of them
will appear here, only this text.
\begin { comment }
This text won't show up in the compiled pdf
this is just a multi-line comment. Useful
to, for instance, comment out slow-rendering parts
while working on a draft.
\end { comment }
\end { document }
L a T e X is a great tool to create documents. It's based on the 'WYSIWYM' (what you see is what you mean) idea, meaning you only have to focus on the contents of your document and the computer will take care of the formatting. With L a T e X , it's very easy to create professional-looking material. This article presents the basics of how to create a document.
Let's start with the simplest working example:
The input file is just a plain text file, with the extension .tex . It will contain code that the computer interprets to produce a PDF file. The first line of code declares the type of document, in this case is an article . Then, between the \begin{document} \end{document} tags you must write the text of your document.
Note: To learn how to generate the output file see our article on compiling .
In the previous example the text was entered after the \begin{document} command. The part of your .tex file before this point is called the preamble . In the preamble, you define the type of document you are writing and the language, load extra packages you will need, and set several parameters. For instance, a normal document preamble would look like this:
Below a detailed description of each line:
The next three lines are self-descriptive. Anyway, you can see a description of what they actually do in the next section.
Another important parameter that can be passed to the \documentclass command is twocolumn if you want your text in a two-column format and twoside for two-side paper sheet printing.
To display the title of your document you have to declare its components in the preamble and then use some additional code:
There is a block with three lines in the preamble that defines the information to be included on the title page.
Once you have that in the preamble now in the body of your document you can use the next commands for the information to be printed.
Everything included inside the \begin{document} \end{document} commands will be rendered in the final document.
In scientific documents, it's a common practice to include a brief overview of the main subject of the paper. In L a T e X , the abstract environment is for this purpose. The abstract environment will put the text in a special format at the top of your document.
When writing the contents of your document, if you need to start a new paragraph you must hit the "Enter" key twice (to insert a double blank line). Notice that paragraphs have a white space before the first line.
To start a new line without actually starting a new paragraph insert a break line point, this can be done by \\ (a double backslash as in the example) or the \newline command
You can find more information in the Paragraphs and new lines article.
For a more complete discussion about document structuring see the article about sections and chapters .
Sometimes it's necessary to add comments to your L a T e X code for readability. This is straightforward, put a % before the comment and L a T e X will ignore that text.
In the last part of the example, you can see a comment environment. This helps in multi-line comments instead of putting a % at the beginning of each line. For this to work you must add the next line to your preamble:
The % symbols is a reserved character, if you actually need this symbol to be printed in your document, use \% . See the reference guide for a full list of reserved characters.
Document types available in the \documentclass command.
The following symbol characters are reserved by L a T e X because they introduce a command and have a special meaning.
These symbols and can be printed with special commands (in some cases - inside mathematical environment).
For short documents and journal articles. Is the most commonly used.
For longer documents and dissertations.
Slides in the Beamer class format. See the beamer documentation for a better description
\^{} or \textasciicircum \textasciicircum
Unbreakable space, use it whenever you want to leave a space which is unbreakable
\textasciitilde \textasciitilde or \~{}
Starting commands, which extend until the first non-alphanumerical character
\textbackslash \textbackslash or ∖ ∖
https://www.latex-project.org/help/documentation/
https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Creating_a_document_in_LaTeX
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LaTeX Documentation
Creating a document in LaTeX - Overleaf, Online LaTeX Editor
LaTeX - A document preparation system
Get LaTeX - Mac OS, Windows, Linux
LaTeX/Sample LaTeX documents - Wikibooks, open books for ...
Creating a document - Getting Started with LaTeX ...
LaTeX/Document Structure - Wikibooks, open books for an ...
Your first LaTeX document - LaTeX-Tutorial.com
Documentation - Overleaf, Online LaTeX Editor
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