Latex Columns
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This tutorial talks about the usage of multiple columns in LaTeX. Text with two or double columns can be created by passing the parameter \twocolumn to the document class statement. If you want to create a document with more than two columns, use the package multicol, which has a set of commands for the same.
It is very easy to manage multiple columns in LaTeX. Below is an example demonstrating the use of multicol package to manage multicolumn documents in LaTeX.
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\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{multicol}
\begin{document}
\begin{multicols}{4}
[
\section{Section One}
This is the first section and we are placing some text here.
]
Now, we are adding some text here to understand how multiple columns will come up.
This way, we hope that you are understanding the multicols package and its usage.
The text that we have placed here is only for sample.
\end{multicols}
\end{document}
Use this line in the preamble to import the package: \usepackage{multicol}. After this, the multicols environment can be used. It takes two parameters:
The text which lies between the tags \begin{multicols} and \end{multicols} is displayed in multicolumn format.
The separation between the columns is specified by the command \columnsep Below is an example.
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\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{multicol}
\setlength{\columnsep}{2cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{multicols}{3}
[
\section{Section One}
This is the first section and we are placing some text here.
]
Now, we are adding some text here to understand how multiple columns will come up.
This way, we hope that you are understanding the multicols package and its usage.
The text that we have placed here is only for sample.
\end{multicols}
\end{document}
In the example above, the command \setlength{\columnsep}{2cm} sets the column separation to 2cm.
Through the default settings of multicols environment, the text in each column is balanced that is, there is same amount of text in each column. This can be changed by the environment multicols*.
\begin{multicols*}{2}
[
\section{Section One}
This is the first section and we are placing some text here.
]
Now, we are adding some text here to understand how multiple columns will come up.
This way, we hope that you are understanding the multicols package and its usage.
The text that we have placed here is only for sample.
\end{multicols*}
\end{document}
In the above example, we can see that the text gets printed in a column till we reach the end of the page. After that, the text continues in the next column and so on.
Floating elements like figures and tables can be inserted in a multicolumn format document with the commands wrapfig and wraptable.
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\begin{multicols}{3}
[
\section{Section One}
This is the first section and we are placing some text here.
]
Now, we are adding some text here to understand how multiple columns will come up.
This way, we hope that you are understanding the multicols package and its usage.
The text that we have placed here is only for sample.
\vfill
\begin{wrapfigure}{l}{0.6\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{./sun.jpg}
\caption{Nature’s place}
\end{wrapfigure}
This is again some new text here. Just to show you how the..
text is getting placed…..
Hope
you are able to understand…
\begin{wraptable}{l}{0.6\linewidth}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
R.No.& Name \\
\hline
1 & John \\
2 & Peter \\
3 & Susie \\
4 & Suzanne \\
5 & Tom \\
6 & Veronica \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Table, floating element}
\label{table:ta}
\end{wraptable}
\end{multicols}
\end{document}
In the multicol package, floats are poorly supported. Elements inserted within the figure* and table* environments get displayed only at the top or bottom of the next page after they are inserted, and this breaks the layout. Below is a brief overview of the commands.
A vertical ruler can be inserted as a column separator as shown in the below example.
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\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{comment}
\setlength{\columnseprule}{2pt}
\def\columnseprulecolor{\color{red}}
\begin{document}
\begin{multicols}{2}
[
\section{Section One}
This is the first section and we are placing some text here.
]
Now, we are adding some text here to understand how multiple columns will come up.
This way, we hope that you are understanding the multicols package and its usage.
The text that we have placed here is only for sample.
\columnbreak
This is again some new text here. Just to show you how the..
text is getting placed…..
Hope
you are able to understand…
\end{multicols}
Some more text here just to show.
\end{document}
While writing a research paper, you may need to produce a document with two columns layout in a page. To do so, add twocolumn option in the document class.
Use the following command to make double column document:
\documentclass[11pt,twocolumn]{article}
Remember, the above command will generate double columns in the entire document.
Another way to achieve this is by including the \usepackage{multicol} package and using the multicols environment.
Look at the below sample code to understand the usage:
\begin{multicols}{2}
Column Nuumber 1
\columnbreak
Column Number 2
\end{multicols}
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I have searched the stackexchange for a resolution of this problem, but I am still getting an error message when I put in the following (for now neglecting other things in my document, such as documentclass, begin{document}, etc.):
When compiled, I get the error: Missing number, treated as zero. I should appreciate any help.
user4437416
user4437416 1,489●33 gold badges●99 silver badges●1111 bronze badges
samcarter_is_at_topanswers.xyz
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Welcome to TeX.SX! Please help us to help you and add a minimal working example (MWE) that illustrates your problem. It will be much easier for us to reproduce your situation and find out what the issue is when we see compilable code, starting with \documentclass{...} and ending with \end{document}. – user31729 Feb 15 '15 at 16:02
You don't need to use width=, you just enter the width directly. – tparker Dec 4 '17 at 6:04
You forgot to give the mandatory width to the second column, and you included an unnecessary width= in the width for the first column.
Patrick Sanan
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am I the only one for whom the columns are not aligned horizontally? – luchonacho Jan 17 '20 at 17:00
Also note that the graphics need not be scaled down as much in the second column. The column becomes a minipage, so \textwidth is already adjusted to its width.
Miklós Koren
Miklós Koren 81●11 silver badge●22 bronze badges
The "columns" feature of Beamer (other answers above) lets you customize the layout and the breaking point.
However if you want to let the text flow or you don't care about the exact layout, many times the good old multicol package does the job well with less noise. Paragraph divisions and \columnbreak can help deciding what is on the left and side or the right hand side in the two-column case.
alfC
alfC 13.5k●88 gold badges●6666 silver badges●131131 bronze badges
Martijn Courteaux
105●44 bronze badges
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