Laravel Validation Rules Only Latin

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Laravel provides several different approaches to validate your application's incoming data. It is most common to use the validate method available on all incoming HTTP requests. However, we will discuss other approaches to validation as well.
Laravel includes a wide variety of convenient validation rules that you may apply to data, even providing the ability to validate if values are unique in a given database table. We'll cover each of these validation rules in detail so that you are familiar with all of Laravel's validation features.
To learn about Laravel's powerful validation features, let's look at a complete example of validating a form and displaying the error messages back to the user. By reading this high-level overview, you'll be able to gain a good general understanding of how to validate incoming request data using Laravel:
First, let's assume we have the following routes defined in our routes/web.php file:
The GET route will display a form for the user to create a new blog post, while the POST route will store the new blog post in the database.
Next, let's take a look at a simple controller that handles incoming requests to these routes. We'll leave the store method empty for now:
Now we are ready to fill in our store method with the logic to validate the new blog post. To do this, we will use the validate method provided by the Illuminate\Http\Request object. If the validation rules pass, your code will keep executing normally; however, if validation fails, an exception will be thrown and the proper error response will automatically be sent back to the user.
If validation fails during a traditional HTTP request, a redirect response to the previous URL will be generated. If the incoming request is an XHR request, a JSON response containing the validation error messages will be returned.
To get a better understanding of the validate method, let's jump back into the store method:
As you can see, the validation rules are passed into the validate method. Don't worry - all available validation rules are documented. Again, if the validation fails, the proper response will automatically be generated. If the validation passes, our controller will continue executing normally.
Alternatively, validation rules may be specified as arrays of rules instead of a single | delimited string:
In addition, you may use the validateWithBag method to validate a request and store any error messages within a named error bag:
Sometimes you may wish to stop running validation rules on an attribute after the first validation failure. To do so, assign the bail rule to the attribute:
In this example, if the unique rule on the title attribute fails, the max rule will not be checked. Rules will be validated in the order they are assigned.
If the incoming HTTP request contains "nested" field data, you may specify these fields in your validation rules using "dot" syntax:
On the other hand, if your field name contains a literal period, you can explicitly prevent this from being interpreted as "dot" syntax by escaping the period with a backslash:
So, what if the incoming request fields do not pass the given validation rules? As mentioned previously, Laravel will automatically redirect the user back to their previous location. In addition, all of the validation errors and request input will automatically be flashed to the session.
An $errors variable is shared with all of your application's views by the Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession middleware, which is provided by the web middleware group. When this middleware is applied an $errors variable will always be available in your views, allowing you to conveniently assume the $errors variable is always defined and can be safely used. The $errors variable will be an instance of Illuminate\Support\MessageBag. For more information on working with this object, check out its documentation.
So, in our example, the user will be redirected to our controller's create method when validation fails, allowing us to display the error messages in the view:
Laravel's built-in validation rules each has an error message that is located in your application's resources/lang/en/validation.php file. Within this file, you will find a translation entry for each validation rule. You are free to change or modify these messages based on the needs of your application.
In addition, you may copy this file to another translation language directory to translate the messages for your application's language. To learn more about Laravel localization, check out the complete localization documentation.
In this example, we used a traditional form to send data to the application. However, many applications receive XHR requests from a JavaScript powered frontend. When using the validate method during an XHR request, Laravel will not generate a redirect response. Instead, Laravel generates a JSON response containing all of the validation errors. This JSON response will be sent with a 422 HTTP status code.
You may use the @error Blade directive to quickly determine if validation error messages exist for a given attribute. Within an @error directive, you may echo the $message variable to display the error message:
When Laravel generates a redirect response due to a validation error, the framework will automatically flash all of the request's input to the session. This is done so that you may conveniently access the input during the next request and repopulate the form that the user attempted to submit.
To retrieve flashed input from the previous request, invoke the old method on an instance of Illuminate\Http\Request. The old method will pull the previously flashed input data from the session:
Laravel also provides a global old helper. If you are displaying old input within a Blade template, it is more convenient to use the old helper to repopulate the form. If no old input exists for the given field, null will be returned:
By default, Laravel includes the TrimStrings and ConvertEmptyStringsToNull middleware in your application's global middleware stack. These middleware are listed in the stack by the App\Http\Kernel class. Because of this, you will often need to mark your "optional" request fields as nullable if you do not want the validator to consider null values as invalid. For example:
In this example, we are specifying that the publish_at field may be either null or a valid date representation. If the nullable modifier is not added to the rule definition, the validator would consider null an invalid date.
For more complex validation scenarios, you may wish to create a "form request". Form requests are custom request classes that encapsulate their own validation and authorization logic. To create a form request class, you may use the make:request Artisan CLI command:
The generated form request class will be placed in the app/Http/Requests directory. If this directory does not exist, it will be created when you run the make:request command. Each form request generated by Laravel has two methods: authorize and rules.
As you might have guessed, the authorize method is responsible for determining if the currently authenticated user can perform the action represented by the request, while the rules method returns the validation rules that should apply to the request's data:
You may type-hint any dependencies you require within the rules method's signature. They will automatically be resolved via the Laravel service container.
So, how are the validation rules evaluated? All you need to do is type-hint the request on your controller method. The incoming form request is validated before the controller method is called, meaning you do not need to clutter your controller with any validation logic:
If validation fails, a redirect response will be generated to send the user back to their previous location. The errors will also be flashed to the session so they are available for display. If the request was an XHR request, an HTTP response with a 422 status code will be returned to the user including a JSON representation of the validation errors.
If you would like to add an "after" validation hook to a form request, you may use the withValidator method. This method receives the fully constructed validator, allowing you to call any of its methods before the validation rules are actually evaluated:
By adding a stopOnFirstFailure property to your request class, you may inform the validator that it should stop validating all attributes once a single validation failure has occurred:
The form request class also contains an authorize method. Within this method, you may determine if the authenticated user actually has the authority to update a given resource. For example, you may determine if a user actually owns a blog comment they are attempting to update. Most likely, you will interact with your authorization gates and policies within this method:
Since all form requests extend the base Laravel request class, we may use the user method to access the currently authenticated user. Also, note the call to the route method in the example above. This method grants you access to the URI parameters defined on the route being called, such as the {comment} parameter in the example below:
Therefore, if your application is taking advantage of route model binding, your code may be made even more succinct by accessing the resolved model as a property of the request:
If the authorize method returns false, an HTTP response with a 403 status code will automatically be returned and your controller method will not execute.
If you plan to handle authorization logic for the request in another part of your application, you may simply return true from the authorize method:
You may type-hint any dependencies you need within the authorize method's signature. They will automatically be resolved via the Laravel service container.
You may customize the error messages used by the form request by overriding the messages method. This method should return an array of attribute / rule pairs and their corresponding error messages:
Many of Laravel's built-in validation rule error messages contain an :attribute placeholder. If you would like the :attribute placeholder of your validation message to be replaced with a custom attribute name, you may specify the custom names by overriding the attributes method. This method should return an array of attribute / name pairs:
If you need to prepare or sanitize any data from the request before you apply your validation rules, you may use the prepareForValidation method:
If you do not want to use the validate method on the request, you may create a validator instance manually using the Validator facade. The make method on the facade generates a new validator instance:
The first argument passed to the make method is the data under validation. The second argument is an array of the validation rules that should be applied to the data.
After determining whether the request validation failed, you may use the withErrors method to flash the error messages to the session. When using this method, the $errors variable will automatically be shared with your views after redirection, allowing you to easily display them back to the user. The withErrors method accepts a validator, a MessageBag, or a PHP array.
The stopOnFirstFailure method will inform the validator that it should stop validating all attributes once a single validation failure has occurred:
If you would like to create a validator instance manually but still take advantage of the automatic redirection offered by the HTTP request's validate method, you may call the validate method on an existing validator instance. If validation fails, the user will automatically be redirected or, in the case of an XHR request, a JSON response will be returned:
You may use the validateWithBag method to store the error messages in a named error bag if validation fails:
If you have multiple forms on a single page, you may wish to name the MessageBag containing the validation errors, allowing you to retrieve the error messages for a specific form. To achieve this, pass a name as the second argument to withErrors:
You may then access the named MessageBag instance from the $errors variable:
If needed, you may provide custom error messages that a validator instance should use instead of the default error messages provided by Laravel. There are several ways to specify custom messages. First, you may pass the custom messages as the third argument to the Validator::make method:
In this example, the :attribute placeholder will be replaced by the actual name of the field under validation. You may also utilize other placeholders in validation messages. For example:
Sometimes you may wish to specify a custom error message only for a specific attribute. You may do so using "dot" notation. Specify the attribute's name first, followed by the rule:
Many of Laravel's built-in error messages include an :attribute placeholder that is replaced with the name of the field or attribute under validation. To customize the values used to replace these placeholders for specific fields, you may pass an array of custom attributes as the fourth argument to the Validator::make method:
You may also attach callbacks to be run after validation is completed. This allows you to easily perform further validation and even add more error messages to the message collection. To get started, call the after method on a validator instance:
After calling the errors method on a Validator instance, you will receive an Illuminate\Support\MessageBag instance, which has a variety of convenient methods for working with error messages. The $errors variable that is automatically made available to all views is also an instance of the MessageBag class.
To retrieve the first error message for a given field, use the first method:
If you need to retrieve an array of all the messages for a given field, use the get method:
If you are validating an array form field, you may retrieve all of the messages for each of the array elements using the * character:
To retrieve an array of all messages for all fields, use the all method:
The has method may be used to determine if any error messages exist for a given field:
Laravel's built-in validation rules each has an error message that is located in your application's resources/lang/en/validation.php file. Within this file, you will find a translation entry for each validation rule. You are free to change or modify these messages based on the needs of your application.
In addition, you may copy this file to another translation language directory to translate the messages for your application's language. To learn more about Laravel localization, check out the complete localization documentation.
You may customize the error messages used for specified attribute and rule combinations within your application's validation language files. To do so, add your message customizations to the custom array of your application's resources/lang/xx/validation.php language file:
Many of Laravel's built-in error messages include an :attribute placeholder that is replaced with the name of the field or attribute under validation. If you would like the :attribute portion of your validation message to be replaced with a custom value, you may specify the custom attribute name in the attributes array of your resources/lang/xx/validation.php language file:
Some of Laravel's built-in validation rule error messages contain a :value placeholder that is replaced with the current value of the request attribute. However, you may occasionally need the :value portion of your validation message to be replaced with a custom representation of the value. For example, consider the following rule that specifies that a credit card number is required if the payment_type has a value of cc:
If this validation rule fails, it will produce the following error message:
Instead of displaying cc as the payment type value, you may specify a more user-friendly value representation in your resources/lang/xx/validation.php language file by defining a values array:
After defining this value, the validation rule will produce the following error message:
Below is a list of all available validation rules and their function:
The field under validation must be "yes", "on", 1, or true. This is useful for validating "Terms of Service" acceptance or similar fields.
The field under validation must have a valid A or AAAA record according to the dns_get_record PHP function. The hostname of the provided URL is extracted using the parse_url PHP function before being passed to dns_get_record.
The field under validation must be a value after a given date. The dates will be passed into the strtotime PHP function in order to be converted to a valid DateTime instance:
Instead of passing a date string to be evaluated by strtotime, you may specify another field to compare against the date:
The field under validation must be a value after or equal to the given date. For more information, see the after rule.
The field under validation must be entirely alphabetic characters.
The field under validation may have alpha-numeric characters, as well as dashes and underscores.
The field under validation must be entirely alpha-numeric characters.
The field under validation must be a PHP array.
Stop running validation rules for the field after the first validation failure.
While the bail rule will only stop validating a specific field when it encounters a validation failure, the stopOnFirstFailure method will inform the validator that it should stop validating all attributes once a single validation failure has occurred:
The field under validation must be a value preceding the given date. The dates will be passed into the PHP strtotime function in order to be converted into a valid DateTime instance. In addition, like the after rule, the name of another field under validation may be supplied as the value of date.
The field under validation must be a value preceding or equal to the given date. The dates will be passed into the PHP strtotime function in order to be converted into a valid DateTime instance. In addition, like the after rule, the name of another field under validation may be supplied as the value of date.
The field under validation must have a size between the given min and max. Strings, numerics, arrays, and files are evaluated in the same fashion as the size rule.
The field under validation must be able to be cast as a boolean. Accepted input are true, false, 1, 0, "1", and "0".
The field under validation must have a matching field of {field}_confirmation. For example, if the field under validation is password, a matching password_confirmation fie
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