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Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration www. TO: Guy K. Inspector General Glenn A. It includes examples of Consolidated Priority Target CPOT investigations; the disruption and dismantlement of Priority Target Organizations PTOs ; the impact of foreign operations; institution building in Afghanistan, Mexico, and Colombia; counterterrorism efforts; financial investigations; precursor chemical initiatives; on-line pharmacy investigations; intelligence collection and sharing; multi-lateral collaboration; and extradition successes. Increased by 22 percent PTO investigations linked to terrorist organizations from 82 active investigations in FY to active investigations in FY Continued to lead and expand enforcement efforts involving Operation Containment, a DEA-led multi-national law enforcement initiative designed to reduce the flow of Afghanistan heroin into world markets, prevent the country from becoming a major heroin supplier to the United States, and disrupt drug-related terrorist activities that could hamper the long-term stabilization of the Afghanistan Government. Collected and shared intelligence with U. This multi-lateral strategy is designed to cause major disruption to the flow of drugs, money, and chemicals between source zones and the United States through the execution of joint enforcement operations that attack the chokeholds in the main transportation zone arteries and support infrastructure nodes of the drug trade. Developed a joint strategy with Mexico to target those who traffic in and produce methamphetamine and the chemicals utilized for its manufacture. As a result, DEA is now better positioned to advance the counter-drug agenda and to support national security and homeland defense. Conducted Operation Cyber Chase , which concluded with the April conviction of Akhil BANSAL, and the dismantlement of his international pharmaceutical controlled substance trafficking organization. This organization was responsible for the illegal distribution of 2. Coordinated significant investigations, arrests, indictments, extraditions and convictions which resulted in the disruption and dismantlement of the most significant drug trafficking organizations around the world. The Tijuana, Mexico-based organization, run by ARELLANO Felix, was one of the most powerful and violent trafficking groups in Mexico, responsible for the importation of tons of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and marijuana into the United States and more than drug-related murders in the United States and Mexico. On page viii in the Executive Summary of the Draft Audit Report, the OIG stated that DEA did not have current procedures for developing annual performance plans for its foreign offices because it has been rewriting the plan since FY As a result, the OIG concluded that DEA has not developed foreign field strategies and operational objectives to complement its organization-wide strategic plan. Even after informing the OIG that the region plan was composed of individual country office plans and that ADS could not identify the manager who allegedly stated that the planning protocol was deficient, the OIG did not change the inaccurate language in their report. On page iii in the Executive Summary of the Draft Audit Report, the OIG identifies DEA's five principal objectives for working with foreign counterpart agencies; 1 participate in bilateral investigations, 2 cultivate and maintain quality liaison relations, 3 promote and contribute to foreign institution building, 4 support intelligence gathering and sharing efforts, and 5 provide training opportunities. During this review, OI identified several areas in need of attention. During the OIG entrance interview and thereafter, information was provided to OIG regarding this internal assessment as well as our findings, many of which were re-characterized as recommendations by the OIG as areas in need of improvement. The mission of the SIU Program is to cooperatively train, equip, and support specialized units within host nation police and military forces, with law enforcement authority, to develop and share intelligence-driven targeting in order to disrupt and dismantle major international drug trafficking organizations. On page vii in the Executive Summary of the Draft Audit Report, the OIG stated that in their discussions with DEA Headquarters management on tools used to evaluate foreign office operational activity, personnel utilization data was not noted as a measure used in such assessments. The OIG reviewed a sample of imprest fund transactions that allegedly contain numerous discrepancies including missing supporting documentation, omitted signatures, and untimely clearing of advanced funds. When a portion of the documents were finally received, the DEA found that OIG auditors had incorrectly interpreted policy, assessed documents, and cited deficiencies. As a result, many of the issues identified by the OIG are not errors and should be eliminated or reduced, and technical changes need to be made to the language in the report see Attachment 2 - Specific Editorial Comments. It is critical for the OIG to work closely with DEA while conducting audits in order to ensure that appropriate personnel are interviewed, policy is properly interpreted and assessed, accurate and comprehensive information is obtained and reviewed, and issues such as the ones discussed above are resolved prior to the issuance of the Draft Audit Report. The Department measures effectiveness in accomplishing its goal to reduce the availability of drugs partly by tracking the number of organizations disrupted or dismantled. Of the 5, total PTO investigations historically recorded as of September 13, , 1, have been dismantled, a 40 percent increase when compared to the 1, total PTOs historically dismantled at the close of FY Additionally, a total of 1, PTOs have been disrupted, a 43 percent increase when compared to the total PTOs historically disrupted at the close of FY Increased PTO investigations linked to terrorist organizations by 22 percent, from 82 active investigations during FY to active investigations during FY This plan is based on the concept that taking the profit out of the drug trafficking industry will reduce the availability of drugs worldwide. There was a 10 percent increase in cases initiated from 69 in FY to 76 in FY ; 78 percent increase in cases disrupted from 9 in FY to 16 in FY ; and 75 percent increase in cases dismantled from 8 in to 14 in FY This financial crime strategy focuses on identifying and disrupting the flow of money back to the sources of drug supply, thereby crippling the ability of criminals to operate. Some examples include:. Since the FAST program was implemented, significant accomplishments have been achieved. Additionally, due to FAST efforts, arrests and the seizure of narcotics and precursor chemicals have substantially increased. Of the NIU officers, 14 are women. Established an aviation presence in Afghanistan. Further, the DOD is funding the construction of the NIU training facility, the purchase of equipment and training for Afghan counter-narcotics officers, the construction of hangars for DEA and Afghan aviation assets, and other support. DEA has affected the Afghanistan Intelligence architecture. Conducted the investigation and arrest of an Afghanistan terrorist involved in the deaths of two narcotics officers from Afghanistan. The officers were murdered on August 11, , while they were on a drug intelligence gathering mission in Helmand Province, Afghanistan regarding an opium stockpiling organization. Conducted the investigation that led to the first significant trial and conviction in the Afghan Central Narcotics Tribunal. The tribunal sentenced each man to 17 years imprisonment. Continued to lead and expand enforcement efforts involving Operation Containment , a DEA-led multi-national law enforcement initiative designed to reduce the flow of Afghanistan heroin into world markets, prevent the country from becoming a major heroin supplier to the United States, and disrupt drug-related terrorist activities that could hamper the long-term stabilization of the Afghanistan government. Nineteen countries in Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Middle East, Europe, and Russia participate in Operation Containment , and, for the first time ever, those nations partnered, at the urging of DEA, to jointly identify and target the heads of five significant international drug trafficking organizations whose activities have a sustained impact throughout the region. As an additional result of Operation Containment , there have been record-breaking seizures of narcotics and precursor chemicals in the region. Prior to the initiation of Operation Containment in , only kilograms of heroin had been seized. Led the effort to develop and coordinate a Department-wide methamphetamine strategy. Recognized the need for a tailored strategy to combat the current methamphetamine threat and provided the framework for such a strategy to Department leadership. The total number of clandestine methamphetamine laboratories seized nationally also decreased, from 10, in CY the highest total from to to 5, in CY 43 percent. These teams target Mexican methamphetamine trafficking organizations by tracing chemicals, finished methamphetamine, and proceeds to organizational leaders in the U. An additional focus of these teams is to identify and dismantle U. Conducted clandestine laboratory training for 1, DEA employees and state and local officers throughout the United States and abroad in FY Conducted the first ever clandestine methamphetamine laboratory safety training class for Mexican law enforcement officers at the DEA Training Academy in Quantico, Virginia on September 7, From until July , the PHAM organization was responsible for the importation of approximately five million pseudoephedrine tablets per year from Asia into Southern California. DEA directed the initiation of two projects: an interagency analysis of Mexican methamphetamine trafficking and an in-depth analysis of the linkages between Colombian and Mexican drug trafficking organizations. Concentrated on the increasing violence along the Southwest Border. During the course of this operation, DEA reported the seizure of 10 weapons, 4, rounds of ammunition, 13 hand grenades, approximately 4 tons of marijuana, and 5 kilograms of methamphetamine. Coordinated significant investigations, arrests, indictments, extraditions and convictions, too numerous to list here, which resulted in the disruption and dismantlement of the most signifigant drug trafficking organizations around the world. This multilateral strategy is designed to cause major disruption to the flow of drugs, money, and chemicals between source zones and the United States through the execution of joint enforcement operations that attack the chokeholds in the main arteries and support infrastructure nodes of the drug trade. Successes during the first phase included arrests and the seizure of nearly 47 metric tons of cocaine, which equates to 5 to 10 percent of the estimated quantity of cocaine that was transported through the transit zones to the United States during all of As a result of both operations, drug trafficking organizations were forced to delay or suspend their drug operations, divert their routes, change their modes of transportation, and jettison loads. The success of these multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional, and bilateral operations exemplified the cooperation among law enforcement entities throughout the United States, Latin America, and Central America. Led a joint U. Since March , the HARO-Rodriguez organization was responsible for the distribution of 1, pounds of cocaine per month from Mexico to distribution cells throughout the United States. This month OCDETF investigation has resulted in the seizure of 1, kilograms of cocaine and 15 kilograms of heroin. PUERTA-Parra utilized a large range of legitimate businesses, including investment and real estate companies, agricultural enterprises, and currency exchanges to launder drug proceeds. Since , the Norte Del Valle Cartel has sent approximately tons of cocaine to the United States via Mexico and has laundered millions of dollars in drug proceeds. This investigation has resulted in 24 arrests and the seizure of 5. Worked aggressively to identify and apprehend those individuals and organizations that utilize the Internet to facilitate drug trafficking through increased enforcement efforts and investigations and improved technologies. Conducted the largest steroid enforcement operation in U. On December 14, , Operation Gear Grinder resulted in the arrest of five individuals who were responsible for importing anabolic steroids into the United States. Nearly 82 percent of the steroids seized and analyzed in were of Mexican origin and the majority of this 82 percent originated from the eight companies charged in Operation Gear Grinder. Encouraged international precursor chemical control collaboration to increase the efficiency of intelligence sharing and enforcement activities. OAI targeted trafficker vulnerabilities in the areas of maritime, land, and air smuggling of drugs, as well as drug profits. The assessment identified significant impact as a result of OIA I For example, nearly 47 metric tons of cocaine was seized, which equates to 5 to 10 percent of the estimated quantity of cocaine that was transported through the transit zones to the United States during all of At the same time, cocaine seizures by DEA domestic offices decreased 29 percent compared to the day period prior to the operation, from 31, kilograms to 22, kilograms. Pledged international support to Russia in the war against illegal worldwide drug trafficking. The agreement addresses intelligence sharing, training, and assistance in disrupting and dismantling large criminal organizations that affect the drug trade in both the United States and Russia. Deterred the smuggling of illicit drugs into the United States through cross-border tunnels. DEA has committed resources to support Operation Alliance Joint Task Force , a multi-agency law enforcement effort established to confront this underground threat. Discovered the largest and most sophisticated cross-border tunnel along the United States and Mexico border, which had been utilized to smuggle marijuana. The tunnel extended north approximately 1, yards and exited at a building in San Diego, California. Approximately two tons of marijuana was seized from within the tunnel on the Mexican side and approximately pounds of marijuana was seized on the California side. It was the first cross-border tunnel found on the United States northern international border and DEA provided oversight of its destruction. Overseas Rightsizing Reprogramming Funds were appropriated for recurring costs associated with the FY - reallocation of resources. DEA received resources to open seven new country offices in high priority countries. This funding will also be used to create an additional heroin task force and maritime enforcement group in Cartagena, Colombia; establish an additional money laundering task force and a heroin task force in Mexico City, Mexico; and complete unfinished space in the Lima, Peru U. Embassy in a cooperative effort with the Department of State to alleviate crowding. Previously approved, the Warsaw, Poland location opened in August The cocaine was hidden inside bags of charcoal. Nine Argentine Nationals, including leader Alejandrino MOTOK, and one Bolivian National were arrested, resulting in the disruption of a cocaine trafficking organization responsible for the transportation of multi-hundred kilogram shipments of cocaine to Buenos Aires for distribution in Europe and the United States. The operations resulted in the destruction of several heroin processing laboratories and the seizure of kilograms of opium and 7 kilograms of heroin. The seizure and arrests resulted in the dismantlement of a cocaine trafficking organization that, since , was responsible for the transportation of multi-hundred kilogram shipments of cocaine from South America to Europe. Investigation Resulted in the Seizure of 5. Two support vessels also were intercepted. Nine Mexican national crew members were detained by Mexican authorities for possible prosecution in Mexico. January through September , the United States Coast Guard seized 45, kilograms of cocaine and made arrests in 15 separate events as part of Operation Panama Express a maritime interdiction operation targeting transportation vessels and routes into the U. Since its inception in February , Operation Panama Express has resulted in the seizure of more than tons of cocaine and the arrest of 1, individuals. District Court for the District of Columbia to 29 years in prison for conspiracy to distribute cocaine and conspiracy to import cocaine. Four members of an Istanbul-based heroin trafficking organization, including leader Sadik KAYA, were arrested while preparing the heroin for transportation to the Netherlands. The heroin was smuggled from Afghanistan and was destined for the United Kingdom. In a joint investigation with Mexican authorities, police officials seized approximately two tons of marijuana from within the tunnel on the Mexican side and approximately pounds of marijuana from within the tunnel on the California side. The tunnel, believed to be the largest and most sophisticated ever discovered along the border, extends north approximately 1, yards, and exits at a vacant warehouse in San Diego, California. On January 25, , agents from the DEA New York Division Office, along with local authorities and Panamanian federal officials, arrested 16 individuals, resulting in the dismantlement of an international heroin trafficking organization. Ten members of a Turkey-based heroin trafficking organization were arrested in Yuksekova and Istanbul, Turkey in connection with the seizure. This investigation resulted in 22 arrests and the seizure of kilograms of cocaine. On February 1, , the DEA New York Division Office announced the arrest of 22 Colombian nationals responsible for the smuggling of 24 kilograms of heroin into the United States in a month period. Eight of the individuals were arrested in Colombia on provisional arrest warrants and are in custody pending their extradition to the United States. The Medellin-based smuggling organization used various smuggling methods, including surgically implanting heroin packets into puppies that were seemingly bred for that purpose. A grand jury sitting in the U. Three Peruvian and four Ecuadorian nationals were arrested. The cocaine was seized from a cargo container and was being prepared for transportation on an ocean freighter to the Netherlands. No arrests were made. The men were responsible for smuggling hundreds of kilograms of heroin and hashish from Southeast and Southwest Asia into the United States, Canada, Africa, and Europe. The cocaine was destined for Mexico. The opium was destined for Russia and Kazakhstan. Three Uzbek nationals were arrested. In December , a grand jury sitting in the U. They were arrested in Colombia in December , extradited to the United States in , and pleaded guilty on November 18, In February , a grand jury sitting in the U. In addition, the BERNAL organization arranged the transportation of cocaine for his own organization for distribution in Spain as well as for Mexican drug trafficking organizations for distribution in the United States. Spanish authorities seized 2, kilograms of cocaine and The cocaine originated from Buenaventura, Colombia and was destined for Panama. The ENP arrested the president and manager of the company responsible for shipping the container. Since at least , LOPEZ Pena was responsible for the production of hundreds of kilograms of cocaine each week, most of which was destined for the United States. If convicted, LOPEZ Pena faces a minimum mandatory sentence of ten years imprisonment and a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. Coast Guard seized 3. Nine crew members from Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico were arrested and will be prosecuted in the United States. Since its inception in July , Operation Firewall personnel have seized more than On March 30, , the DEA New York Division Office arrested 11 individuals, resulting in the dismantlement of an organization that smuggled kilograms of cocaine per month into the United States over the last five years. The Mexico-based organization used various smuggling methods, including concealing cocaine inside tombstones and religious statues of the Virgin Mary. Investigation Resulted in the Seizure of 2. Coast Guard of 2. A second go-fast vessel also was intercepted; however the crew jettisoned a cargo of cocaine that was estimated to be equal in volume to the amount seized. Three Mexican national crew members were detained for possible prosecution. Seven of the nine arrested individuals were arrested on Provisional Arrest Warrants issued out of the Southern District of New York, where they were indicted on charges that include possession with intent to distribute, conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute, and importation to the United States. To date, this seven-month investigation has resulted in the seizure of 2, kilograms of cocaine. To date, this investigation has resulted in 39 arrests and the seizure of nearly ten kilograms of cocaine. On April 17, , a jury in the U. BANSAL was the leader of an international pharmaceutical distribution organization that used rogue Internet pharmacies to dispense controlled substances directly to customers without a medical evaluation by a physician. Food and Drug Administration, the U. District Court, District of Columbia. He also was arranging to ship cocaine to Mexico as payment for the weapons. This was the largest ever heroin seizure conducted by the Uzbekistan SIU, which was established in March The heroin was smuggled from Afghanistan and was destined for St. Petersburg, Russia. In September , a grand jury in the Southern District of New York indicted the three men for conspiracy to import pounds of heroin into the United States. Removal of the three men from Afghanistan to the United States was stayed by Afghan President Hamid Karzai pending the outcome of the tribunal proceedings. This was the first significant trial and conviction in the Afghan Central Narcotics Tribunal. The seizure, which resulted from an investigation conducted by the DEA Santiago, Chile Country Office, is the first-ever seizure of crack cocaine in Chile. The seizure was linked to a crack cocaine trafficking organization that is responsible for the transportation of 90 kilograms of crack cocaine per month from Peru into Chile. During the past five years, the RANES organization was responsible for the distribution of approximately pounds of high-potency marijuana per month in Alaska. On May 13 - 16, , the Ecuadorian National Police, in conjunction with agents from the DEA Guayaquil Resident Office, arrested 68 individuals and seized ten fishing vessels, resulting in the dismantlement of the Carlos CELI maritime cocaine trafficking organization. Since March , the CELI organization was responsible for the transportation of 4 - 5 tons of cocaine per month through Ecuador and on to Mexico and the United States. In , the U. Those seized drug shipments ranged from two to seven metric tons. To date, this two-year investigation has resulted in the arrest of more than individuals, including CELI, and the seizure of approximately 34 metric tons of cocaine. In the last four years alone, the RAYO Montano organization has been responsible for the transportation of 15 tons of cocaine per month from South America to the United States and Europe. District Court for the Southern District of Florida the following day. PUERTA-Parra utilized a large range of legitimate businesses, including investment and real estate companies, agricultural enterprises, and currency exchanges to launder drug proceeds through the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Vanuatu. This investigation resulted in the arrest of 17 members of the LOPEZ Imitola organization, and the seizure of more than 50 kilograms of heroin. The arrests were the result of a joint investigation between the DEA Bangkok Country Office and Thailand authorities that included the first-ever judicial wire intercept in Thailand. The investigation was part of Operation Ivory Triangle , a month multi-jurisdictional OCDETF investigation targeting West African heroin and money laundering organizations responsible for sending multi-kilogram quantities of heroin from Pakistan and Thailand to the United States, Europe, and Asia. The organization employed more than a dozen drug couriers, many of whom made multiple drug trips and most of whom were based in the Las Vegas area. Typically, the drug couriers smuggled between three to five kilograms of heroin per trip concealed within the lining of clothes. Once in Venezuela, commercial carriers and private aircraft were used to send the drugs through Caribbean transit countries and Mexico to the United States and Europe. In addition to the arrests, which included ARIAS Vera, this investigation resulted in the seizure of approximately kilograms of cocaine and 15 kilograms of heroin by Colombian authorities. The tablets were sent by a Brussels pharmaceutical manufacturer for delivery to a company in Mexico that does not have a license to import pseudoephedrine. If converted, the seized pseudoephedrine could have produced 75 kilograms of methamphetamine. With one exception, all of the defendants extradited in this case have been convicted. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. SRIVASTAN oversaw the Internet distribution of pharmaceutical controlled substances for an international organization that used rogue Internet pharmacies to dispense controlled substances directly to customers without a medical evaluation by a physician. Khat is a plant cultivated in the Horn of Africa. Among the active ingredients in khat are cathinone, a Schedule I controlled substance, and cathine, a Schedule IV controlled substance. The MUSE organization imported khat into the United States by utilizing couriers on commercial airlines from London and by sending packages through commercial express mail services from various countries in Western Europe. The organization transferred khat proceeds through money remitters and banks in the United States, to accounts in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Europe, and Africa. Federal grand juries in the Southern District of New York and the District of Washington indicted 44 members of the MUSE organization on money laundering and khat importation and trafficking charges. This is the largest khat-trafficking prosecution in United States history. Five members of an Istanbul-based heroin trafficking organization, including leader Riza POLAT, were arrested while preparing the heroin for transportation to Holland. The websites advertised that pharmaceuticals could be shipped anywhere in the world without a prescription and gave specific instructions on how to evade law enforcement and circumvent Customs detection. Illegal proceeds for the pharmaceuticals were sent from Sao Paolo, Brazil to the United States into multiple bank accounts held by FILETO in Georgia and were then transferred into domestic companies and foreign bank accounts. Approximately kilograms of finished methamphetamine, more than 3, liters of various solvents and chemicals, four barrels of iodine, laboratory equipment, and a large quantity of pseudoephedrine pills were seized. The Jalisco State Police arrested four individuals who will be prosecuted in Mexico. The members of the Jalisco State Police unit who made the seizure participated in a DEA-sponsored clandestine laboratory seminar, which is part of the program designed to familiarize 1, Mexican state and local police officers with precursor chemicals, methods of production and manufacturing, local laws, regional trends, methods of diversion, and international chemical control. The Mexican military also assisted in this operation. The two defendants were later arrested in the United States. The U. Military subsequently raided the site and recovered seven 82mm mortars, two rocket propelled grenades and eight cases of The weapons cache had been moved to a secluded cave within the last week, suggesting its intended use for an impending attack. No documents were recovered and it is not yet known to whom the weapons belonged. The tunnel was discovered as a result of an investigation into a marijuana trafficking organization. As a result of this investigation, one individual was arrested and 1, pounds of marijuana were seized. The tunnel, which took eight months to build, was operational since July and was used to smuggle eight tons of marijuana for distribution to Los Angeles, California, North and South Carolina and New York. During the past ten years, the LIMANI organization distributed five kilograms of cocaine per month in the Anchorage area and outlying regions of Alaska. District Court for the Southern District of Florida to conspiracy to import cocaine, and agreed to plead guilty in the Southern District of New York to conspiracy to commit money laundering. Each brother was sentenced to thirty years in prison. Twenty-eight family members have also agreed to these forfeitures. However, the OIG report continues to show that the imprest fund balance is 3. This paragraph concludes that audits of imprest funds were occasionally conducted by persons having supervisor responsibility over the imprest fund. Two of the audits were conducted prior to this date November 10, and November 22, and should not be cited as exceptions. Documentation is available regarding this issue. Another audit cited by the OIG was conducted on September 30, This is an announced audit that occurs on the last work day of each fiscal year to meet financial statement reporting requirements. Any deficiencies identified as a result of the post audit review are conveyed to the Office Head for corrective action. As a result of this increased oversight, DEA had only 18 exceptions to this policy out of 1, performed quarterly audits in FY , which represents. Corrective action for these minimal exceptions has been taken at each appropriate location. Presenting the DOJ OIG opinion as the closing sentence implies that DEA has not corrected this issue, when in fact a review of the monitoring program results shows a significant decrease in the number of imprest fund audit issues since the program was put in place in FY Neither group reported any findings related to the operation of the imprest fund. The original final draft report cited 28 exceptions in this category. That number was reduced to 21 after DEA was given the opportunity to review the supporting documentation. DEA policy requires advances to be cleared within two business days; however, the OIG auditors incorrectly equated this with a 48 hour time frame. As a result, DEA was cited for not clearing advances on weekends and holidays. Any non-compliance of this policy was reported to the cashier and office head for corrective action. These offices were again sampled to ensure that corrective action had been taken. The exception was cited as an isolated incident. A copy of the bulletin is attached. As the Office of Training indicated previously to OIG, DEA efforts to coordinate its international training is extensive and far beyond what most other agencies do. In fact, other agencies frequently seek guidance from DEA regarding how to conduct cooperative training. Nevertheless, DEA participates in six regularly scheduled meetings annually to coordinate International Training Activities with the following agencies:. This is indicative of the responsibility of one foreign office and should not account for the statement by OIG that improvement is needed by International Training. The International Training Section is tasked with providing foreign police officials with training relative to counter-drug enforcement activities and is NOT responsible for administrative training for DEA employees. It was agreed at the OIG review conference that this comment, while accurate, should not be included in the International Training section, but rather under Chapter 5 — Administrative Function. This would include recommendation 22 listed on page 80 of the report. There is no reference that DEA is in compliance with these regulations in the draft report; rather it appears that there is a training shortfall that needs to be addressed because a few SIU commanders are requesting training that is beyond the scope of our authority. Additionally, the level of training provided to foreign counterparts is often determined by the amount of cooperation they afford, or do not afford to DEA, a fact that was not considered by the OIG. Annual curriculum development conferences do address and allow for the training to be adjusted and advanced routinely as much as possible in compliance with the law. On page 88 it states that Rome opened in , and was the third U. However, in Chapter 1: Introduction, at the bottom of Page 1, the reports states Rome was the first foreign office the U. Page 88 needs to be revised to correctly reflect that Rome was, in fact, the first foreign office opened in by the U. These offices should be removed. Implement a standardized system for foreign offices to use in tracking and prioritizing investigative leads and assistance requests received from other DEA offices and foreign counterparts. Concur: DEA will meet with all Regional Directors RDs to discuss the implementation of a standardized system to track investigative leads. At this meeting, a manual non-networked system format and protocol will be developed for implementation in foreign country offices by April Implement performance planning instructions and guidelines for DEA Regional Directors to use in developing specific objectives and goals for the region, and develop a planning instrument for DEA Regional Directors to use in generating Country Office performance plans to complement the regional work plans. Annually review foreign office performance plans to assess achievement against goals and objectives, and make revisions as needed. Require DEA Regional Directors and appropriate DEA headquarters management to routinely evaluate work hour data in monitoring foreign office performance against established regional priorities and office goals. The Chief of OI will, in turn, distribute the report to all RDs to facilitate the monitoring of foreign office performance against established regional priorities and office goals. Through the annual rightsizing reviews and formal inspection process, assess the impact that added regional responsibilities placed on foreign offices, both administratively and operationally, and develop a plan to resolve areas in need of improvement. Concur: DEA will continue to utilize the annual rightsizing reviews in addition to self inspections, on-site inspections, performance reviews, management reviews, and external audits to assess the impact of regional responsibilities and address areas that may require improvement. Identify performance measurements and implement a methodology to track and evaluate the activities and accomplishments of its SIU Program. Non-concur: The SIU program is an enforcement strategy that combines DEA and host country counterpart investigators working together to accomplish a drug law enforcement mission. Due to the nature and success of the program over the years, various elements of the program have, in essence, crept into the majority of investigations conducted in those offices that have established SIU units. Therefore, to isolate and evaluate SIU activity in individual investigations would not be appropriate, nor would it aid local management in prioritizing the use of resources or in evaluating office accomplishments. In fact, it could lead to inter-office competition, rather than encouraging cooperation. Since DEA does not act unilaterally in any foreign country, the success of those country offices with SIU units should continue to be based on the totality of the shared investigative efforts of DEA in conjunction with host nation law enforcement counterparts. Concur: A directive addressing this matter was issued on September 22, , by the Chief of Operations. All country offices are to report to the Chief of International Programs by November 15, , on the status of this directive. Enforce the policy for foreign offices to maintain a record of equipment issued to SIU teams, including a history of inventories conducted and the current condition and location of the equipment. To ensure compliance with this policy, the Chief of OI will draft and issue procedures that require country offices that participate in the SIU program to submit annual certifications of equipment inventories. Revise SIU guidelines and controls for supplying salary supplement payments to SIU members to account for those circumstances where the SIUs are in remote operating environments and the DEA is unable to utilize electronic payments or observe cash payments to SIU members. This policy should include obtaining signed receipts and conducting periodic comparisons of the signatures on signed receipts to signature examples obtained from each SIU member. Concur: DEA is in the process of revising current SIU guidelines that will address controls for supplying supplement payments to unit members. The revised guidelines are expected to be completed, vetted, approved, and issued by October In these instances, it is beneficial for DEA to have this force multiplier and additional collection and intelligence capabilities, despite the established ratios for span of control. If not, ensure all current members receive the Basic Training course. This list will be reconciled with records at the Office of Training. Those members who have not been trained will be scheduled to attend the SIU basic course during FY Ensure that foreign offices perform required exit briefings of departing SIU members and submit semi-annual reports to DEA headquarters. The use of the review program began in Fiscal Year This program provides for a comprehensive review of imprest fund audit reporting for DEA. Audit deficiencies are reported to the appropriate office head, the individuals who conducted the audit, the cashier and the Administrative Officer if applicable. The Office Head is responsible for taking corrective action. DEA will continue to follow-up with offices identified as having imprest fund audit deficiencies to ensure corrective action. DEA will continue to monitor compliance of this policy. The DEA imprest fund audit program will be modified to include an additional requirement of sampling the DEAs to ensure the cashier is signing as witness. The CFO will also issue a reminder to all cashiers on the need to maintain all appropriate supporting documentation and to comply with all policies and procedures identified in the cash management chapter of the Financial Manual and Policy Handbook. Re-emphasize to agents with operational advances the importance of receiving authorization from a supervisor before expending funds from these accounts and retaining documentation of this approval for their records. DEA has requested the supporting documentation to support the finding that 10 out of the 14 items sampled did not have the appropriate authorization. Upon receipt of the supporting documentation, DEA will perform a detailed analysis to identify which offices were not following established policy and notify the offices to take immediate corrective action. DEA will issue a reminder to all operational advance holders that they must comply with established fund control policies and procedures as identified in the Financial Manual and Policy Handbook which requires advance approval and proper obligation of funds prior to incurring an expense. DEA will remind all operational advance holders that the cash is not within their procurement authority. Ensure all DEA personnel understand and adhere to proper security protocols in foreign offices by:. Direct firearms coordinators to forward employee files for those who are no longer at post to their next post of duty or the Firearms Training Unit, and instruct foreign field offices to make current the firearms qualification files for their personnel and to provide notice to headquarters when completed. Revise the firearms qualification policy to address the situation where a DEA agent is located in a country without an available firearms testing facility that is compliant with DEA qualification standards and who does not officially or personally travel to the United States during a foreign post tensure. TR will review the OIG sample data and determine what procedural or policy adjustments need to be made to ensure that this information is provided on a timely and accurate basis to the DEA Training Division. FSNs are not prohibited from carrying personal firearms as long as they follow the detailed requirements listed in the DEA manual. FSN qualifications, weapons, and ammunition are all clearly detailed in the policy. Ensure that personnel assigned collateral administrative duties receive training necessary to correctly perform these functions, particularly in the areas of imprest fund adminsitration and accountable property management. CFO No. Advancing funds to foreign service nationals FSNs has been the subject of repeated discussion between the Office of Finance and the foreign offices. However, in past actual practice some FSNs at foreign posts have been advanced funds directly or have been transferred funds from a DEA employee who originally withdrew the cash from an imprest fund or operational advance. Government funds may only be disbursed to individuals deemed responsible or accountable government employees and officers. Because in this context FSNs are not considered responsible or accountable for the funds under the applicable statutes and regulations, they cannot be held responsible for the loss of funds under 31 V. Government employees who transfer funds to FSNs do so at their own risk. Any loss of funds, regardless of fault, which occurs while in the possession of an FSN, will be the full responsibility of the government employee who was originally advanced the funds. If you have any questions regarding this matter please contact Bradley J. Honkus, Chief, Financial Integrity Section at Frank M. Guy K. Douglas N. April April April Re-emphasize to DEA foreign managers and personnel that: audits of imprest funds should be performed and documented according to regulations, and it is important to maintain adequate supporting documentation, clear advances of funds in a timely manner or obtain document extensions, count flash roll monies when returned to a cashier, ensure all required signatures are obtained, and limit payments to eligible recipients of imprest funds. Ensure all DEA personnel understand and adhere to proper security protocols in foreign offices by: reiterating to foreign offices the DEA and State Department policies on proper cell phone practices and the proper care of safes, and immediately changing safe and door combinations that have not been changed in the last 12 months and ensuring that all safe and door combinations are changed and recorded at least annually. Refine its FSNs firearms policy, including: addressing the possibility of FSNs that are unable to certify weapons proficiency because there is no available firearms testing facility compliant with DEA qualification standards, and clarifying that FSNs are prohibited from carrying personal firearms during official DEA duty and that FSNs are to be issued weapons and ammunition on a day-to-day basis unless specifically authorized by the Regional Director to carry a DEA-issued firearm on a permanent basis.

The Drug of Choice for the Age of Kale

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They started hiking near the border of Peru. The local Witoto people were cautiously amused. There were cattle pastures dotted with Psilocybe cubensis —magic mushrooms—sprouting on dung piles; there were hammocks to lounge in while you tripped; there were Banisteriopsis caapi vines growing in the jungle. The McKennas were sure they were on to something revelatory, something that would change the course of human history. Their work was not always easy. The self-help guru Tim Ferriss told me that the drug is everywhere in San Francisco, where he lives. This person may have come from generations of Shipibo or Quechua shamans in Peru, or he may just be someone with access to ayahuasca. The entire flock partakes, and the group trip is a kind of congregational service. Thanks to McKenna, some B. They planted it in the forest, and it happened to like the forest—a lot. Terence McKenna died in , after becoming a psychedelic folk hero for popularizing magic mushrooms in books, lectures, and instructional cassette tapes. Dennis McKenna went on to get a doctorate in botany and is now a professor at the University of Minnesota. When we spoke, he was on a book tour in Hawaii. If cocaine expressed and amplified the speedy, greedy ethos of the nineteen-eighties, ayahuasca reflects our present moment—what we might call the Age of Kale. It is a time characterized by wellness cravings, when many Americans are eager for things like mindfulness, detoxification, and organic produce, and we are willing to suffer for our soulfulness. Ayahuasca, like kale, is no joy ride. Then he said that he wanted to do it again. Anything I thought came to be. He believes that it will heal not only him but civilization at large. The process of making ayahuasca is beyond artisanal: it is nearly Druidical. They showed me pictures of themselves harvesting plants in a verdant Hawaiian jungle, looking radiantly happy. I asked if they made a living this way. Like juicing—another Kale Age method of expedient renewal—ayahuasca is appreciated for its efficiency. Enthusiasts often say that each trip is like ten years of therapy or meditation. I felt like I was being torn apart and killed a thousand times a second for two hours. Ayahuasca enthusiasts frequently use the language of technology, which may have entered the plant-medicine lexicon because so many people in Silicon Valley are devotees. But in the United States most ayahuasca users are seeking a post-religious kind of spiritualism—or, perhaps, pre-religious, a pagan worship of nature. Two dozen people of diverse ages and ethnicities sat on yoga mats eating a potluck vegetarian meal and watching a blurry documentary about ayahuasca. On the screen, a young man recounted a miserable stomach ailment that no Western doctor could heal. After years of torment, he took ayahuasca during a trip to Peru and visualized himself journeying into his own body and removing a terrifying squid from his intestines. The next day, his pain was gone, and it never came back. After the movie, Little Owl, a fifty-two-year-old of Taiwanese descent with black bangs nearly to her eyebrows, answered questions. A friend of hers, a young African-American man in a knit orange cap who said that he taught mindfulness for a living, was standing by, and Little Owl asked if he had anything to add. Little Owl, who has a background in acupuncture, replied that every participant would fill out a detailed health form, and that people who have such conditions as high blood pressure or who are on antidepressants should not take ayahuasca. A plant is constantly interacting with its ecosystem: attracting insects it needs for pollination, discouraging hungry herbivores, warning other plants that it competes with for nutrients in the soil. Some of the most important messenger molecules in the plant kingdom are called amines, and are typically derived from amino acids. The neurotransmitters that mediate emotion, awareness, and the creation of meaning are amines—such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine—which evolved from the same molecular antecedents as many plant-messenger molecules. The main psychoactive substance in ayahuasca—N, N-dimethyltryptamine, or DMT—is an amine found in chacruna leaves. Ingested on its own, it has no effect on humans, because it is rapidly degraded by an enzyme in the gut, monoamine oxidase. Some ayahuasca enthusiasts maintain that the synergy was discovered thousands of years ago, when the spirit of the plants led indigenous people to brew the two together; others think that one day someone happened to drop a chacruna leaf into his B. If the plant really is talking to the person, many people hear the same thing: we are all one. Some believe that the plants delivering this message are serving their own interests, because if humans think we are one with everything we might be less prone to trash the natural world. In this interpretation, B. Since , Draulio de Araujo, a researcher at the Brain Institute, in Natal, Brazil, has been investigating the effects of ayahuasca on a group of eighty people, half of whom suffer from severe depression. Meanwhile, the thalamus, which is involved in awareness, is activated. The change in the brain, he notes, is similar to the one that results from years of meditation. The neuroscientific interpretation is exactly the same: the default-mode network is disrupted, and maybe things that were mucking up the works are left behind when everything comes back together. Medical Center, and James Callaway, a pharmaceutical chemist, conducted a study in Manaus, Brazil, that investigated the effects of ayahuasca on long-term users. Fifteen men who had taken part in bimonthly ceremonies for at least a decade were compared with a control group of people with similar backgrounds. The researchers drew blood from the subjects and assessed the white blood cells, which are powerful indicators of the condition of the central nervous system. Is it possible that the ayahuasca actually reverses these deficits over the long term? Last year, during a ceremony at an ayahuasca center in Iquitos, Peru, a young British man started brandishing a kitchen knife and yelling; a Canadian man who was also on ayahuasca wrestled it from him and stabbed him to death. Grob speculated that the shaman in that case had spiked the ayahuasca. Often, when things go wrong, it is after a plant called datura is added to the pharmacological mix. He also wondered if the knife-wielding British man had been suffering a psychotic break: like many hallucinogens, ayahuasca is thought to have the potential to trigger initial episodes in people who are predisposed to them. Problems can also arise if someone takes ayahuasca—with its potent MAOI—on top of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a common class of antidepressants. The simultaneous blocking of serotonin uptake and serotonin degradation encourages enormous amounts of the neurotransmitter to flood the synapses. The outcome can be disastrous: a condition called serotonin syndrome, which starts with shivering, diarrhea, hyperthermia, and palpitations and can progress to muscular rigidity, convulsions, and even death. He had just received a desperate e-mail from the mother of a young woman who had become disoriented in the midst of a ceremony. These cases are rare, but profoundly upsetting trips are common. People on ayahuasca regularly report experiencing their own death; one man told Araujo that he had a terrifying visualization of being trapped in a coffin. Williamsburg was throbbing with sound on the warm June evening when I went to an ayahuasca ceremony led by Little Owl. It was held in a windowless yoga studio next to a thumping dance club, and in the antechamber—a makeshift gym where we were told to leave our bags, amid worn wrestling mats and free weights—you could hear the sounds of drunk people in nearby McCarren Park, mixing with techno beats from next door. But inside the studio it was surprisingly quiet. There were trees and vines painted on the walls, and about twenty women had set themselves up on yoga mats in a tight circle, some of them with significant piles of pillows and sleeping bags. We had carefully followed the dieta that Little Owl, like most ayahuasqueros , recommends for the week before a ceremony: no meat, no salt or sugar, no coffee, no booze. Siobhan and I were both pleased that at the very least this experience would be slimming. It was her first ceremony, she said, and she had chosen this one because it was exclusively female. The young woman next to Molly told us that she had done ayahuasca in Peru. Little Owl had set up a perch for herself at the back wall, surrounded by bird feathers, crystals, flutes, drums, and wooden rattles, bottles of potions, and a pack of baby wipes. One at a time, we went into the front room to be smudged with sage on the wrestling mats by a woman in her sixties with the silver hair and beatific smile of a Latina Mrs. Once we were all smudged and back in our circle, Little Owl dimmed the lights. But I forced it down, and I was stoked. I was going to visit the swampland of my soul, make peace with death, and become one with the universe. Soon thereafter, the woman on my left began to moan. To my right, the woman next to Molly had started retching, and the woman beyond her was crying—softly at first, and then in full-throated, passionate sobs. Little Owl, meanwhile, was chanting and sometimes playing her instruments. I felt a tingling in my hands not unlike the early-morning symptoms of my carpal-tunnel syndrome. It feels so good! All of a sudden, she was on her feet, flailing. It was the flailing that got to me. I thought of the girl whose parents had called Charles Grob and the Canadian kid who stabbed his associate in Iquitos. Any second now, I would be descending into the pit of my being, seeing serpents, experiencing my own death or birth—or something—and I did not necessarily want that to happen in a windowless vomitorium while a millennial in crazy pants had her first psychotic episode. Siobhan came out a minute later. She did not look entirely O. Another woman came out of the ceremony. She had pink hair and a nose ring and looked like a ratty Uma Thurman. I demanded that we get in a positive space—quickly. We all sat cross-legged on the mats, trying to focus on our breath. But more women came out of the ceremony. An older woman with long gray hair seemed panicked, but soon started laughing uncontrollably. Then the helper angel came out and asked us not to talk. And what did I know? She did this all the time! Siobhan and I went back to our spots in the ceremony. The smell inside the yoga studio was not great. And then maybe my default-mode network shut down for a second, or maybe I had a surge of serotonin, but for whatever reason the whole thing abruptly seemed hilarious, fascinating, perfect. Maybe the ayahuasca was working: maybe this was the experience I was meant to have. Some people had been stumbling when they tried to get up and walk. Helper Angel was still busy with Pants on the other side of the room. I told her to sit up and focus on her breath. I did, and Molly seemed to calm down, and pretty soon I was thinking that I was indeed the shaman in my life, and a downright decent one at that. It was at that moment that Molly leaned forward and let loose the Victoria Falls of vomit. Just as when you stub your toe and there is an anticipatory moment before you actually feel the pain, I waited to feel the rage and disgust that experience told me would be my natural response to another person barfing all over me. But it never came. Save this story Save this story. Ayahuasca, used for centuries in South American jungles, is booming in the U. Cartoon by Liza Donnelly. Copy link to cartoon Copy link to cartoon. Link copied. Ariel Levy joined The New Yorker as a staff writer in A Reporter at Large. Magic Mushrooms and the Healing Trip. Eddie Marritz, a cinematographer and photographer in remission from small-cell carcinoma, was a participant in N. Marritz, and the researchers, take us through the experience. Annals of Medicine. The Trip Treatment. By Michael Pollan. Better, Faster, Stronger. By Rebecca Mead. Briefly Noted. Annals of Zoology. How Scientists Started to Decode Birdsong. Language is said to make us human. What if birds talk, too? By Rivka Galchen. Four daughters in the royal family were kept drugged and imprisoned for almost two decades. A physician who tried to free them speaks out for the first time. By Heidi Blake. Book Currents. The legendary director talks about his wide-ranging reading taste, and some of the books that informed his latest film, which stars Adam Driver as a visionary polymath. Life and Letters. Coming Alive. In the nineteen-sixties, the English neurologist treated patients who had encephalitis lethargica and wrote constant updates about their progress, and his own. By Oliver Sacks. A Critic at Large. Don Luigi Ciotti leads an anti-Mafia organization, and for decades he has run a secret operation that liberates women from the criminal underworld. The daily stream of racism and mendacity has had a numbing effect. But the question of what Trump might actually do is a prospect that voters cannot afford to ignore. By Jonathan Blitzer. The Lede. Treating political violence as a contagion could help safeguard the future of American democracy. By Michael Luo.

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