LES PRÉCIEUSES RIDICULES
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MolièreJean-Baptiste Poquelin (French: [ʒɑ̃ batist pɔklɛ̃]; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molière (UK: , US: ; French: [mɔljɛʁ] ), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière". Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. Thirteen years as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began writing, combining Commedia dell'arte elements with the more refined French comedy. Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, The Doctor in Love, Molière was granted the use of the grande salle of the Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Later, he was granted the use of the theatre in the Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as The Affected Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments. Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism from other circles. For Tartuffe's impiety, the Catholic Church in France denounced this study of religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by the Parlement, while Dom Juan was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière. His hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by 1667, he was forced to take a break from the stage. In 1673, during a production of his final play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later.
Hôtel de RambouilletThe Hôtel de Rambouillet (French pronunciation: [otɛl də ʁɑ̃bujɛ]), formerly the Hôtel de Pisani ([otɛl də pizani]), was the Paris residence of Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet, who ran a renowned literary salon there from 1620 until 1648. It was situated on the west side of the rue Saint-Thomas-du-Louvre, just north of Marie de Rohan's Hôtel de Chevreuse, in a former quarter of Paris (demolished during the 19th century), located between the Louvre and Tuileries palaces, near the then much smaller Place du Carrousel, in the area of what was to become the Pavillon Turgot of the Louvre Museum.
Joe DolceJoseph Dolce (, originally ; born October 13, 1947) is an American-Australian singer, songwriter, poet and essayist. Dolce achieved international recognition with his multi-million-selling novelty song, "Shaddap You Face", released worldwide under the name of his one-man show, Joe Dolce Music Theatre, in 1980–1981. The single reached number one in 15 countries. It has sold more than 450,000 copies in Australia and continues to be the most successful Australian-produced single worldwide, selling an estimated six million copies. It reached No. 1 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart for eight weeks from November 1980.
François Jules Edmond GotFrançois Jules Edmond Got (1 October 1822, in Lignerolles, Orne – 21 March 1901, in Passy, a district in Paris) was a French stage actor, comedian, and opera librettist. Edmond Got entered the Conservatoire in 1841, winning the second prize for comedy that year and the first in 1842. After a year of military service he made his debut at the Comédie Française on 17 July 1844, as Alexis in Les Héritiers and Mascarelles in Les Précieuses ridicules. He was immediately admitted pensionnaire, and became sociétaire in 1850. By special permission of the emperor in 1866 he played at the Odéon in Emile Augier's Contagion. His golden jubilee at the Théâtre Français was celebrated in 1894, and he made his final appearance the year after. Got was a fine representative of the grand style of French acting, and was much admired in England as well as in Paris. He wrote two librettos for operas by Edmond Membrée (1820-1892), François Villon (1857) and L'Esclave (1874). In 1881, he was decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honour.
PrécieusesThe Précieuses (French: la préciosité [la pʁesjɔzite], i.e. "preciousness") was a 17th-century French literary style and movement. The main features of this style are the refined language of aristocratic salons, periphrases, hyperbole, and puns on the theme of gallant love. The movement was similar to the Italian marinism, Spanish culteranismo, and English euphuism.
Les Précieuses ridiculesLes Précieuses ridicules (French pronunciation: [le pʁesjøz ʁidikyl], The Absurd Précieuses or The Affected Ladies) is a one-act satire by Molière in prose. It takes aim at the précieuses, the ultra-witty ladies who indulged in lively conversations, word games and, in a word, préciosité (preciousness). It was adapted into a lyric comedy and a film. Les Précieuses ridicules is a biting comedy of manners that brought Molière and his company to the attention of Parisians, after they had toured the provinces for years. The play received its Paris premiere on 18 November 1659 at the Théâtre du Petit-Bourbon. It seems not to have been staged before that in the provinces. It was highly successful and attracted the patronage of Louis XIV to Molière and company. Les Précieuses ridicules still plays well today.
Noël Lebreton de HauterocheNoël Lebreton, sieur de Hauteroche (Paris, 1617 – Paris, 14 July 1707), was a French actor and playwright who died blind. The son of a bailiff in Parlement, Hauteroche fled to Spain in order to escape a marriage that was to be imposed on him and became a comedian in Valencia. He played in Germany and founded his own company in Paris in 1654, then joined the Théâtre du Marais the same year and passed to the Hôtel de Bourgogne in 1660. In 1671, he succeeded Floridor as director of the troupe. Representing the third tragic roles, he was noted for the skill with which he told stories. At the same time he composed comedies and was among the emulators of Molière. Without rising to the creation of characters or the painting of manners, his talent was to skillfully build a plot and sow the dialog with pleasant traits. Retired from stage in 1684, he then experienced his greatest success as a playwright. L’Amant qui ne flatte point, in five acts, in verse (1668), Les Apparences trompeuses (1673), and L'Esprit follet (1684) were among his most popular plays. Three of his plays, Crispin médecin, in three acts, in prose (1670), le Deuil, in one act, in verse (1680), le Cocher supposé, in one act (1684) remained quite some time in the repertoire. His other plays include le Souper mal apprêté, in one acte, in verse (1670) ; les Apparences trompeuses ou les Maris infidèles, in three acts, in verse (167) ; Crispin musicien, in five acts, in verse (1674) ; les Nobles de province, in five acts, in verse (1678) ; la Barrette, in five acts, in prose (1680) ; la Dame invisible, in five acts, in verse (1685) ; le Feint Polonais ou la Veuve impertinente, in three acts, in prose (1686) ; les Bourgeoises, in five acts, in verse (1691), play imitated from Les Précieuses ridicules. De Hauteroche was among the first actors in the troupe of the Comédie-Française (see Troupe of the Comédie-Française in 1680).
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