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Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The production, transport, storage and sale of goods that are fraudulently mislabeled or fraudulent imitations of registered brands. The illicit transport, handling and sale of excise consumer goods despite a ban or outside a legal market. Excludes oil and counterfeits. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Organized crime that results in a monetary loss via financial fraud, embezzlement, misuse of funds, tax evasion and abusive tax avoidance. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Human trafficking remains a considerable issue in Kyrgyzstan, which is a source, transit and destination country for this criminal market. Women, men and children are forced into labour domestically or in neighbouring countries — or elsewhere in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe — in sectors like agriculture, construction, textile, domestic service and childcare. Male labour migrants are the most vulnerable to trafficking. Russian policies towards migrant workers and the threat of deportation have also made Kyrgyz migrants vulnerable to exploitation in forced labour and sex trafficking. In addition, children in Kyrgyzstan continued to be forced to participate in the drug trade, both locally and in neighbouring countries, as well as to engage in domestic servitude and begging. Kyrgyz women and girls are victims of sexual exploitation domestically and throughout the Middle East and Asia. There has been an increase in human trafficking incidents that target migrants from across Central Asia who transit through Kyrgyzstan towards other countries in the region, the Middle East and Europe. Growing numbers of bride kidnappings have also raised concerns in recent years — such practices may subsequently lead to sex trafficking and forced labour. Given that Kyrgyzstan is a transit, source and destination country for human trafficking, criminal actors involved in the domestic illicit market are linked to transnational criminal networks. Human smuggling is a consolidated criminal market with domestic and foreign actors operating together. In this respect, Kyrgyzstan is considered a source, transit and to a limited extent destination country for human smuggling. In a bid to improve their living conditions, Kyrgyz nationals irregularly travel to other Central Asian, European and Middle Eastern countries such as Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Despite the visa-free regime with Kazakhstan and Russia, migrants seek out human smugglers to protect themselves from exploitation. Also, irregular migrants originating from South and South East Asia use the country as a transit point with an aim to reach Russia and Western Europe, although the scale of this flow is negligible. Despite limited official data pertaining to extortion and protection racketeering in Kyrgyzstan, there has been a reported increase in the volume of incidents involving racketeering of small businesses and street shops. There are also reports suggesting that criminal networks have assumed the role of mediator in disputes between business owners in areas controlled by the networks. Even though the arms trafficking market in Kyrgyzstan remains negligible, there has been a surge in the illegal circulation of firearms within the country, evidenced by the increased number of confiscations carried out by law enforcement. Rising rates of possession of illegal firearms within the population is linked to the illegal trade through the country and within its borders, and the regulatory loopholes pertaining to the registration of firearms. There are reports suggesting that Kyrgyzstan is a transit country for arms trafficked from Iran towards Afghanistan, demonstrating the transnational nature of this market. A further expansion in the arms trafficking market is expected following the takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban, as Kyrgyzstan is on one of the major arms trafficking routes from Afghanistan into Russia. Even though Kyrgyzstan is not considered to be a major producer of counterfeit goods, illegal trade in such goods has increased over recent years and the country seems to have become an intermediary between China and Russia. The Dordoi Bazaar, located in Bishkek, is the largest counterfeit market in Central Asia and a hub for the re-exportation of Chinese counterfeit goods to Europe and Russia. The country is also considered to be a transit point for the smuggling of tobacco products and alcohol within the Eurasian Economic Union; most of the products enter from Middle Eastern and European countries, and other Central Asian countries like Tajikistan. Even though poor flora management enables criminal activity to occur, the market remains limited and there is scant evidence that organized criminal groups are involved. However, there is evidence of illegal poaching and wildlife trafficking. There is a steady flow of wildlife products through Kyrgyzstan, especially from China, Afghanistan and Pakistan; Kyrgyzstan also serves as a source country for illicitly traded animals including Marco Polo sheep a subspecies of the argali sheep and saker falcons. This market is assumed to be driven by external demand since wildlife trafficking is mainly transboundary, involving foreign criminal groups collaborating with local actors. Since Kyrgyzstan has substantial deposits of gold, coal and rare-earth metals, among others, illegal mining is widespread. Coal is illegally mined in the south of the country, from where it is shipped to Uzbekistan. Illegal gold mining has been increasing due to high rates of unemployment in the country, specifically in the Naryn region. Kyrgyzstan plays a notable role as a transit country on the Northern Route for heroin trafficking — the drugs originate in Afghanistan and are destined for Russia and European countries. Heroin trafficking is facilitated by weak border controls and rampant corruption involving bureaucrats and law enforcement officials. Due to the transnational nature of the market, heroin trafficking is mainly controlled by foreign actors from transnational organized crime groups. The growth of the market in Kyrgyzstan has been attributed to the takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban, a group which is known to be heavily involved in the market. An uptick in heroin seizures during the same period confirms the existence of a steady drug trafficking network in the country. Despite this, however, official statistics show that domestic consumption continues to decrease, although the accuracy of these statistics is questionable. The cocaine trade remains insignificant in the country, mainly as a result of low income levels and an abundance of other types of drugs that are substantially less expensive. Regarding the cannabis trade, Kyrgyzstan is a source and transit country. There has been a significant surge in the illegal cultivation and trafficking of cannabis out of financial need, especially in the districts of Talas Oblast and other rural areas. Cannabis trade in the country is controlled by foreign actors who are members of transnational criminal groups, while local actors are involved in small-scale production. As a transit country for cannabis, the southern borders are prone to the trafficking of hashish from Afghanistan and Pakistan, which travels through Tajikistan. Kyrgyzstan is mainly a transit country for the trade of synthetic drugs that originate in countries like the Netherlands, Iran, Turkey, Russia, Kazakhstan and China. However, recent dismantling of clandestine laboratories producing synthetic drugs suggests a rising local production of such substances too, using precursors imported from China. Kyrgyzstan has not been immune to the rapid spread of synthetic drugs in the world, evidenced by increased seizures of synthetic drugs by Kyrgyz law enforcement during the last few years. Despite the growing production and transit of synthetic drugs, local demand for these substances remains low: amphetamine use in Kyrgyzstan is lower than use of opioids, cannabis and hallucinogens, among others. Cyber-dependent crimes are relatively common in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan, among other Central Asian countries, has also become an attractive location for crypto-hackers who use software to take control of vulnerable computers and use their resources to mine cryptocurrency without permission. Despite all this, the effect of cybercrimes is modest, mostly due to a relatively low level of internet coverage in the country. Financial crimes — in the form of phone call frauds, phishing and charity scams — are widespread in the country and cause substantial losses to citizens. Criminal networks are using more and more cyber-enabled methods, the most common of which is phishing. Official statistics also indicate an increase in the number of Ponzi schemes targeting financially illiterate citizens in need of quick money. Tax evasion — with the collaboration of corrupt state officials — is also commonplace in Kyrgyzstan. State-embedded actors are heavily involved in organized crime and criminal organizations, and the apparatus of the state is intricately intertwined with both. State officials not only facilitate but also engage in criminal markets, especially in the drug trade. There have been major arrests of high-level politicians in recent years, with the aim of eradicating corruption within the state, though the underlying goal of these arrests has been questioned by observers. Organized crime in Kyrgyzstan is at a stage of fluid development. It mainly consists of networks of small groups engaged in localized criminal activities, servicing specific markets. There are also large organized criminal groups operating in the country. Mafia-style groups continue to exert influence on local populations and prisons, and operate in multiple criminal markets. Members of these groups have also infiltrated the Kyrgyz parliament and important public authorities. There are reports suggesting an increase in the activities of some mafia-style groups, specifically those involved in heroin trafficking. Numerous loose criminal networks and dozens of criminal gangs also operate in Kyrgyzstan — they primarily engage in the smuggling of illicit goods. While gangs in the southern region are mainly involved in drug trafficking, criminal networks in the north concentrate on racketeering and embezzlement of state assets, as well as the illicit smuggling of Chinese goods. Similar to mafia-style groups, criminal networks in Kyrgyzstan also have influence over the democratic process, although to a lesser extent. There is a strong collaboration between local criminal networks and foreign actors, especially in human trafficking, drug trafficking and non-renewable resource crimes, due to the transnational nature of these markets. Some local criminal groups also organize on the basis of foreign ethnicity: Uzbek, Tajik, Azeri, Chechen and Russian, for example. The drug trade is mostly controlled by foreign criminal actors. An increase in the influence of Chinese criminal actors in Kyrgyzstan has been noted. Private-sector actors are mainly involved in financial crimes like embezzlement, tax evasion and corruption. Major amendments to the Kyrgyz constitution followed. Through these constitutional amendments, the president and high-ranking officials were granted extensive executive authority, which has given them immense political power. Since the elections and following the concentration of power within the executive branch , reports indicate that the efficiency of the state has decreased in general — including the fight against corruption and organized crime. Overall, the Kyrgyz government remains vulnerable to criminal influence; the political system has been penetrated by organized crime; and corruption is pervasive in the executive branch. And even though the scope of anti-corruption actions continues to grow, such actions remain ineffective. Likewise, the work of organizations tasked with combating corruption is limited due to political influence. Kyrgyzstan has ratified most relevant conventions and treaties related to organized crime and has several extradition treaties in place. However, laws are ineffective and their implementation is lacking. Due to frequent political turmoil, Kyrgyzstan policy development has stalled and remains a major weakness. The Kyrgyz judicial system lacks a specialized unit focusing on issues related to organized crime. Additionally, the country's judicial system is deemed to be one of the most corrupt state bodies in the country, with widespread corruption and bribery among judges. The right to fair trial remains severely compromised, and coerced confessions through torture are commonplace, as are other practices like arbitrary convictions and withholding the right to an attorney. There are reports showing evidence of intimidation, threats and violence against defendants, attorneys and judges. The Kyrgyz judiciary is heavily influenced by organized crime. Many leaders of organized criminal groups have been released in recent years and politicians have prevented convictions against others. Concerns surrounding the independence of the judiciary have grown following the constitutional amendments made after the elections, which granting extensive executive authority to the presidential office, including the power to appoint almost all judges. Judgements made in recent political cases have largely involved fines instead of incarceration, which is thought to be a result of the subservience of the judiciary to the executive branch. Nevertheless, some efforts have been made to make the justice system more responsive, accountable and transparent. The most important needs have been identified and systems have been digitized. Conditions in prisons and detention centres in Kyrgyzstan are harsh, with overcrowding, limited access to food and medicine, and serious allegations of mistreatment. Organized criminal groups wield significant control in these spaces. Despite the presence of law enforcement units dedicated to fighting various forms of organized crime, performance has been poor due to high levels of corruption and political influence, a constant lack of resources and professionalism, and nepotism. Police officers reportedly engage in arbitrary arrests, politically motivated arrests, and they extort people by threatening prosecution. There are similar reports suggesting serious human rights issues including the use of torture by law enforcement officers and security services. As a result, there is limited public trust in law enforcement bodies. However, public trust has been bolstered somewhat by community-based policing systems, which enhance cooperation between police, local government, civil society and the media. A lack of infrastructure also prevents the use of vehicles in border regions, making the borders highly porous, especially in southern Kyrgyzstan where high rates of organized crime occur. The Kyrgyz—Uzbek and Kyrgyz—Tajik borders, in particular, are difficult to monitor due to widespread criminality and long-standing ethnic tensions in those areas. Border-control personnel are poorly paid and under-resourced, making them vulnerable to corruption. Kyrgyzstan has an extremely high risk of money laundering and terrorist financing, exacerbated by its proximity to terrorist groups in neighbouring countries and its position along major drug-trafficking routes. The existence of anti-money laundering legislation AML and a dedicated financial intelligence unit resulted in Kyrgyzstan being identified as not having any strategic AML deficiencies, but there are still major shortcomings in identifying risks and coordinating intelligence-sharing among law enforcement units. Investment legislation is liberal, without significant limits and prohibitions for national and foreign investors willing to do business, even though competition in the market has been weak due to the instability of institutions, inadequate rules and omnipresent corruption. This liberal approach has been changing following the presidential elections: regulatory legislation has been introduced banning foreign companies from future large mining projects in the country. Another major legislative reform is the implementation of a tax code aimed at bolstering the stability of the tax system, creating equal conditions for doing business, and reducing the shadow economy. Despite measures taken by the government to support victims of organized crime, Kyrgyzstan continues to lack sufficient victim protection and treatment services. The limited services available were decreased even further in recent years due to a lack of funding exacerbated by the post-COVID financial crisis. Gaps in identification procedures and the lack of a national referral mechanism impede the identification and assistance of victims. For example, protective orders requested by victims of bride kidnappings are not enforced. Reports also suggest threats, extortion and even rape of child sex-trafficking victims by law enforcement officials. There is a legal framework pertaining to proper treatment of witnesses, but the implementation of this framework is rare. Government action related to victims of drug trafficking is better: the government continues to promote programmes aimed at reducing the harm caused by drugs, as well as victim-support measures and drug-awareness campaigns aimed at the youth. These programmes are supported by international funding and partnerships. The government carries out prevention efforts related to organized crime, mostly through collaboration with civil society organizations. Most of these prevention programmes have been significantly reduced due to a lack of funding. Civil society organizations are active and effective, although they tend to focus on issues related to human and civil rights rather than organized crime. Although numerous NGOs work to combat high-level corruption and engage in legislative reform campaigns, civil society is hindered by inter-ethnic conflict and legal restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association — all of which have been exacerbated under the current regime. Although freedom of speech and freedom of the press are both provided for in law, these rights are severely restricted in practice. Self-censorship due to political pressure is common. Some journalists have been intimidated and harassed by political figures and subjected to arbitrary raids, arrests and cyber-attacks. Moreover, there are growing concerns about an attack on freedom of expression and association resulting from regulatory changes in recent years. These changes include the introduction of a false information law and a financial reporting scheme that has potential to be used as a tool for censorship and interference. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Bishkek. Income group Lower middle income. Population 6,, Geography type Landlocked. GINI Index Criminal markets 4. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 7. Human smuggling 5. Extortion and protection racketeering 3. Arms trafficking 3. Trade in counterfeit goods 5. Illicit trade in excisable goods 4. Flora crimes 2. Fauna crimes 3. Non-renewable resource crimes 6. Heroin trade 7. Cocaine trade 2. Cannabis trade 6. Synthetic drug trade 5. Cyber-dependent crimes 2. Financial crimes 6. Criminal actors 6. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 6. Criminal networks 6. State-embedded actors 8. Foreign actors 4. Private sector actors 4. Political leadership and governance 3. Government transparency and accountability 2. International cooperation 4. National policies and laws 4. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 3. Law enforcement 3. Territorial integrity 4. Anti-money laundering 3. Economic regulatory capacity 5. Victim and witness support 4. Prevention 5. Non-state actors 5. Analysis Download full profile english. People Human trafficking remains a considerable issue in Kyrgyzstan, which is a source, transit and destination country for this criminal market. Trade Even though the arms trafficking market in Kyrgyzstan remains negligible, there has been a surge in the illegal circulation of firearms within the country, evidenced by the increased number of confiscations carried out by law enforcement. Drugs Kyrgyzstan plays a notable role as a transit country on the Northern Route for heroin trafficking — the drugs originate in Afghanistan and are destined for Russia and European countries. Cyber Crimes Cyber-dependent crimes are relatively common in Kyrgyzstan. Financial Crimes Financial crimes — in the form of phone call frauds, phishing and charity scams — are widespread in the country and cause substantial losses to citizens. Criminal Actors State-embedded actors are heavily involved in organized crime and criminal organizations, and the apparatus of the state is intricately intertwined with both. Criminal justice and security The Kyrgyz judicial system lacks a specialized unit focusing on issues related to organized crime. Economic and financial environment Kyrgyzstan has an extremely high risk of money laundering and terrorist financing, exacerbated by its proximity to terrorist groups in neighbouring countries and its position along major drug-trafficking routes. Civil society and social protection Despite measures taken by the government to support victims of organized crime, Kyrgyzstan continues to lack sufficient victim protection and treatment services. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

Drugs trade ravaging restive Kyrgyz city

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The content of this summary does not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union, nor the official opinion of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, and should be seen as the product of CADAP 5. The study involved a total of schools from the five countries, including 25 schools from the Kyrgyz Republic. A total of 1 students from Kyrgyzstan participated; Among schoolchildren in the 5th—7th grades, 0. The proportion of high school students who had used drugs was 1. On average, the age of first drug use was 10— It found that 2. It was noted that It was also found that It is presented in a form of small green balls with specific smell and taste. Nasvay is used by applying small amounts of it between a lower lip and a gum. Consequences of its sue are similar to intoxication with nicotine: mild local burning of a mucous mouth and headaches. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic has implemented the Healthy Generation project with the support of international organisations. In the project conducted three training seminars for teachers from secondary schools and institutions of higher education to train them in the techniques of forming and maintaining a healthy way of life for adolescents and young adults. A summer camp was held for students of pedagogical institutions of higher education in order to teach them the innovative technologies and interactive methods of training on the prevention of HIV infection and drug addiction Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, An electronic interactive course on improving knowledge of HIV and AIDS for education specialists was designed, and 1 copies were printed. Together with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education, a Kyrgyz—Finnish pilot project for the prevention of tobacco use among school students was implemented in the schools of the Chui region. In the governmental, international and non-governmental organisations conducted mass events and activities aimed at raising awareness among adolescents and young people about the negative consequences of drug use, developing the life skills of responsible behaviour and promoting a healthy lifestyle. These included:. In a month-long programme of events were arranged to coincide with the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illegal Trafficking. The Ministry of Health, represented by the National Addiction Centre and together with the Ministry of Education of the Kyrgyz Republic, has implemented a number of preventive measures in the format of seminars, lectures, workshops, meetings, discussions and events among students and school activists, in secondary and higher educational institutions. Participants have included teaching staff of educational institutions, healthcare workers working with the general population, employees of the House Committee, municipal governments, educators, social care, justice, and law enforcement officers, and the judicial department and local authorities, including police officers, teachers and psychologists working at the Centre for Rehabilitation and Adaptation. In the Kyrgyz Republic problem drug use is defined as the injecting of drugs opiates or the long-term and regular use of opiates. The average age of first injection was Some The study found that The estimated number of injecting drug users in Kyrgyzstan, based on the bio-behavioural surveillance survey BBS , was 18 in and 30 in In there were 3 patients receiving treatment for problem drug use This is The number of people admitted for treatment for the first time in their life was 1 Of these, were treated in hospital; received outpatient treatment; 1 participated in opioid substitution treatment OST with methadone; and 1 participated in rehabilitation programmes. Among the people A total of clients in inpatient treatment were receiving treatment for the first time in their life in 9. Among the clients who received inpatient care, two adolescents 0. The predominant age groups were 25—34 years Outpatient treatment other than OST was provided to people in in , which represents 3. On an outpatient basis, clients received detoxification therapy and short-term psychotherapy. A total of In there were 1 people treated in OST programmes As of April , OST programmes with methadone had been implemented in 20 facilities. The total number of clients admitted to the methadone maintenance treatment MMT programme in —11 was 3 , or In the number receiving substitution therapy 1 represented In there were only 1 people in the programmes of medical and social rehabilitation, of whom were female 1 people including 98 females in ; the figures included those who received in-patient treatment people, of whom 10 were female. In young people with problematic use of psychoactive substances received medical consultations in special clinics for under-aged clients. Psychological examinations were undergone by under-age clients, of whom had problems connected with psychoactive substance use. Psychological counselling was carried out with 56 adolescents. During the year, the Department for the Prevention of PAS Consumption by Minors participated in meetings of the regional and city commissions for minors in Bishkek; 31 meetings were held in In a survey conducted among clients treated in the cities of Bishkek and Osh within the framework of the Global Assessment Programme on Drug Abuse it was found that were treated in Bishkek in , while were treated in Osh. The average age of the clients in the cities that were monitored during was The age of first use of the primary drug was At the end of some people using drugs were compulsory treated in the Addiction Centre of the Central Hospital in institution number 47 of the correctional system; clients were admitted and discharged in In the Atlantis rehabilitation centres in penitentiary institutions the rehabilitation of people addicted to alcohol and drugs was conducted on the basis of self-help work and peer-to-peer mutual aid. There were clients in these centres at the beginning of During some contracts were made with clients, and clients exited the programme, among them that had completed the treatment. By the end of the number of clients was There were 31 patients in the Centre for Rehabilitation and Social Adaptation at establishment number 31, Clean Zone, at the beginning of Twenty-eight contracts with clients were conducted in and 25 clients dropped out during the year. At the end of the number of patients was Further information is based on analysis of data from a compulsory registration According to Order No. There was an 8. With regard to the type of drug consumption among the new cases, It should be noted that, as in the case of the incidence of opiate dependence in , the proportion of people with a newly diagnosed dependence on opiates particularly heroin tends to increase within a year. The proportion of women among those newly diagnosed with an addiction to psychoactive substances was similar to the previous year at 7. As in the past year, the proportion of people under 18 years of age in was 0. The predominance of injecting drug use Of the reported cases of HIV infection, There were 3 cases of HIV infection registered as of 1 January , including 3 among citizens of Kyrgyzstan. Injecting drug users represented 2 , including citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic, who numbered 2 The number of patients with AIDS was It should be noted that the number of imprisoned PLHIV is increasing: in ; in ; in ; in ; in ; in ; in The smallest proportion of cases occurred in the northern regions of the country. In the country registered new cases of HIV infection males, females, among whom were citizens of the country , including those with AIDS, who numbered 95 21 females, 74 males ; the remaining five cases were foreign nationals three females, two males. IDUs represented cases Antiretroviral therapy had been assigned to patients as of 1 January , among whom received the therapy, including adults males, females , and children males, 55 females. The number of people who refused to undergo treatment was Some clients died while receiving the treatment, and 13 were intolerant to the medication. HIV testing of IDUs, together with pre-test counselling and obtaining the informed consent of the patient, is carried out in accordance with the orders of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic at the time of admission to drug treatment clinics, prisons and other institutions of law enforcement and public health including drop-in centres, friendly clinics, centres for the prevention and control of AIDS, and other places. Each population group has its own code for testing. There are more than 50 codes according to the approved N4 reporting form ; injecting drug users are tested under code However, injecting drug users can be tested for HIV under other codes, such as code A bio-behavioural surveillance survey BBS has been conducted among vulnerable groups in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan since In surveys were conducted among IDUs at eight sites. In and in serological studies were not performed. Ten people with viral hepatitis were identified in the State penitentiary system of the Kyrgyz Republic SPS at the end of , which is 0. The prevalence of viral hepatitis in the prison system of the Kyrgyz Republic is not known due to the difficulties to conduct seroprevalence studies in this setting. A total of died, including from TB and 66 from other causes. The current system of registration of drug-related deaths has significant drawbacks that do not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the situation on a national scale. In there were 64 fatal overdoses registered 84 in , including 4 women 6. In most cases of death, the cause of the overdose was an unspecified type of drug According to the National Health Information Centre, deceased persons were removed from dispensary registration in in , which accounted for 1. Analysis comparing the mortality rate among drug users removed from dispensary registration because of death, with the mortality of the general population of the same gender and age standardised mortality ratio — SMR found a death rate among drug users that was 1. Among male drug users the death rates are four times higher in the 20—24 age group compared with the same age group in the general population. Among female drug users the highest SMR 3. These programmes are implemented in both outpatient and inpatient settings, with different scopes. Outpatient programmes are mainly oriented towards motivation and continuation of treatment and the prevention of relapse. The main objectives of drug-free inpatient treatment programmes are to achieve stable remission or complete abstinence from drug use. Standards for the provision of healthcare services for injecting drug users were approved for the comprehensive treatment of drug addiction and its health consequences, including a standard for the detoxification therapy of withdrawal from opioids in the inpatient department of the Republican Addiction Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, a standard for the prevention of overdoses on opioids using naloxone and a standard for rehabilitation measures for people with opioid dependence Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Additionally, by an order of the Ministry of Health, the clinical protocols for opioid substitution treatment during the syndrome of opioid dependence were approved in Currently, the following types of treatment and services are suggested to patients in the country:. At the beginning of a clinic for the detoxification of people with an addiction to the opiate drug methadone was opened. The centre provides assistance to minors in the area of the treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of the use of psychoactive substances. MMT was introduced in the Kyrgyz Republic in Since then the programme of substitution therapy has been expanded and by 1 January it was being provided at 20 facilities located in the Republican Centre of Addiction, in three centres of primary healthcare in Bishkek, in the cities of Tokmok, Kant, and Kara-Balt, the Alamedinsk, Sokuluk, and Moscow districts of the Chui regions, and at two facilities in Osh, Kara-Suysk, Uzgensk districts of the Osh regions, Dzhalal Abad and Kyzyl Kia Batken regions. MMT is also successfully implemented in three penitentiary institutions: penal colony number 47, detention centre number 1 Bishkek , and detention centre number 5 Osh. By 1 January the programme involved patients. Additionally, motivational and psychosocial counselling, HIV testing and testing for infections, including sexually transmitted infections, and pre-test and post-test counselling are provided in prisons. In the Bureau of Social Support, services of social support are provided to the individuals in prison who are living with HIV and drug addicts, and legal, psychological and social assistance is provided to prepare individuals for release and transfer to the civilian sector. Strategy and harm reduction programmes started to be implemented in Kyrgyzstan in In in Bishkek, Jalal-Abad, and Osh, and in areas of the Chui, Jalal-Abad and Osh regions 46 ONEs were operating, including 15 for syringe exchange in prisons 10 in correctional facilities and two in detention centres. In the Chui region, The non-governmental sector has, with the support of international organisations, taken an active part in the implementation of harm reduction programmes in the Kyrgyz Republic. In , two Associations continued to work actively on harm-reduction programmes. Issues such as a change in the principal recipient of the grant and transfer from the old to the new principal recipient took several months and resulted in problems with the continuity of funding, the timely supply of medical products to syringe exchange points, and the supply of food and soap detergent to social institutions. This affected both the coverage and the number of instruments and paraphernalia distributed to injecting drug users. For example, from 1 January to 31 August NSPs and social programmes reached 10 clients, while from September to December this number dropped to 7 Males represented the majority of clients In , with the support of the GFATM, a hour free helpline for drug addicts and their families continued to work in the Socium public association. The total number of clients who used the telephone hotline was 1 The largest number of helpline customers belonged to the age group 26— The gender composition was females and males. The Kyrgyz Republic borders with the Republic of Tajikistan, the total length of the border being around 1 kilometres, and Tajikistan, in turn, has a common border with Afghanistan. Most of the border between the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan is a mountain range with numerous horse trails. Drugs are smuggled into the Kyrgyz Republic, and beyond to countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and to Europe, through the many mountain passes. Drug traffickers use a variety of transportation methods, from horse-drawn vehicles in the border areas to air transportation. In the drug situation in the country was characterised by an intensification of international drug groups using the country as a drug transit corridor to Russia and the countries of the European Union. The trafficking of Afghan drugs and their transit through the territory of Tajikistan continue to be a major focus of drug abuse in the country. During law enforcement agencies of the Kyrgyz Republic uncovered 1 drug-law offences, In the law enforcement agencies of the Kyrgyz Republic seized 45 tons kilograms of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors from illicit traffickers. Drugs of the cannabis group are produced in the Kyrgyz Republic itself. The local population uses it to make marijuana and hashish, which are distributed both locally and regionally through illegal markets. Ephedra also grows within the territory of the country; this is the raw material for the manufacture of the amphetamine-type stimulant methcathinone ephedrone. Drug prices have remained stable over the past three years and there have been almost no changes in the retail component. For example, the retail price for 1 gram of opium is fixed at around USD 1. According to the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic, no chemical analysis of the purity of drugs seized in the country is performed, and the composition of a narcotic substance is not analysed; therefore, data on the composition and purity of drugs seized in criminal cases are not available. Accordingly, court decisions in criminal cases do not depend on a qualitative analysis of the purity of the drugs seized. Currently, the legislation concerning drugs in the Kyrgyz Republic is contained in 11 articles of the Criminal Code and two articles of the Administrative Code of the Kyrgyz Republic. Possession storage is an offence, depending on the quantity seized when the suspect is arrested. For example, if the detention of a suspect is accompanied by a seizure of heroin weighing less than 1 gram it is an administrative offence, and if the quantity is 1 gram or more it is subject to criminal prosecution. In accordance with Article of the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the illegal manufacture, acquisition, possession, transportation or shipment of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances in small amounts without intent to sell, committed within one year of the application of administrative penalties for the same act, is punishable by community service of — hours, or a fine of up to 50 calculation units 1 , the restraint of liberty for a term not exceeding two years, or imprisonment. The same act committed by a person who has previously committed any other drug-law offence is punishable by a fine of up to calculation units, correctional labour for up to two years, the restraint of liberty for a term not exceeding three years, or imprisonment for a term of one to three years. Under the national law, a person who commits an offence under this Article and voluntarily surrenders narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues and actively contributes to the disclosure or suppression of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues, the exposure of the persons who committed these crimes, or the discovery of property obtained by criminal means, is exempted from criminal responsibility for the crime. In accordance with Article of the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the illegal manufacture, acquisition, possession, transportation, transfer with intent to sell and illicit production or distribution of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues or precursors shall be punished by imprisonment for four to eight years. In addition, according to the list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors subjected to control in the Kyrgyz Republic, hashish or cannabis resin separated resin, treated or untreated, or a mixture of resin and crushed particles of cannabis plants are subject to control on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic and their trafficking implies unconditional administrative or criminal liability identical to that for other illicit drugs. In —11 the State Service of the Kyrgyz Republic on Drug Control, as the coordinator of the national anti-drug policy, together with the ministries and departments of the republic and experts from non-governmental and international organisations, developed a policy document on the concept of the anti-drug policy of the Kyrgyz Republic and the plan for its implementation until The matrix of measures for the implementation of the anti-drug concept is structured into 61 points with specification of activities, actors and the timing of the expected results. Structurally, the data points are divided into seven main sections:. This anti-drug concept of the Kyrgyz Republic aims to: establish effective governmental and social control over the drug situation in the country; reduce the drug-using population and drug-related crime; ensure the mobilisation and coordination of the anti-drug activities of state authorities, local authorities and voluntary organisations; and improve the legal framework to combat drug use and drug trafficking. It incorporates the tasks that are of a strategic and tactical nature, the key areas of public policy of drug prevention, reduction in the demand for drugs, and the fight against illicit drug production. It is the law enforcement and executive body that conducts the joint policy in the field of combating the trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and precursors, countering illicit trafficking and coordinating the activities of other executive bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic in this field including the provision of treatment for prevention and harm reduction. The Headquarters of the SDCS of the Kyrgyz Republic act as the national coordination centre for the collection of non-confidential information on drugs and drug addiction. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. Breadcrumb Home Publications Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan country overview. No studies on the prevalence of problem drug use in the population were conducted in — Currently, the following types of treatment and services are suggested to patients in the country: Detoxification, on an inpatient and outpatient basis, which is conducted in all public institutions. These are located in 42 district family medicine centre FMC drug clinics, in three clinics in Bishkek, Osh and Jalal-Abad, and in five combined regional hospitals. Motivation for access to and continuation of treatment and the prevention of relapse and overdoses on an outpatient basis. The implementation of syringe exchange programmes. Harm reduction programmes include the following components: needle and syringe programmes NSPs and other protection, and the work of outreach workers; methadone maintenance therapy; outreach and educational activities; consultation with specialists; somatic healthcare; advocacy for drug addicts; detoxification for drug addicts. The regulatory framework for detoxification treatment with methadone in hospital was set up in During the department for the detoxification of people with a dependence on methadone started functioning; provision of medical care and an enhanced package of services in large NGOs, with the inclusion of social services, psychological orientation and consultation with experts from specialised agencies infectious diseases, TB, surgeon, venerology and others. Structurally, the data points are divided into seven main sections: Conducting targeted prevention of drug abuse and related offences. The introduction of new methods and treatment, and the medical and psycho-social rehabilitation of drug addicts. Reducing the availability of drugs. The concentration of law enforcement efforts on combating illicit drug trafficking. International cooperation in the fight against drug trafficking. Harm reduction. A reduction in the number of drug-related deaths.

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