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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Common name of a Christian liturgical prayer
For other uses, see Kyrie (disambiguation) .
"Lord, have mercy" redirects here. For other uses, see Lord Have Mercy (disambiguation) .
"Kyrie Eleison" redirects here. For the song by the Electric Prunes, see Mass in F Minor . For the song by Mr. Mister, see Kyrie (song) .
"Lord, have mercy upon us" redirects here. For other uses, see Lord Have Mercy (disambiguation) . For the work by Mendelssohn, see Lord, have mercy upon us (Mendelssohn) .
Further information: Chesed and Eleos
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

^ Jump up to: a b "Definitions for Medieval Christian Liturgy: Kyrie eleison" . Yale. Archived from the original on 2013-05-18.

^ "Kyrie Eleison" . Retrieved 13 March 2017 .

^ Jump up to: a b Jungmann, J. The Mass of the Roman Rite: Its Origins and Development . New York 1951: Benzinger Brothers. pp. num. 322ss. {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location ( link )

^ Gregory the Great, Epistles 9: 26, trans. Baldovin, Urban Worship , 244-245

^ " Kyrie eleison, kyrie eleison / Kyrie eleison, eleison / Eleison, eleison / Kyrie eleison, kyrie eleison " . Genius . Retrieved 2019-06-18 .

^ Fortescue, Adrian. "Kyrie Eleison." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 4 February 2021 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

^ Flynn, Gabriel; Murray, Paul D, eds. (2011). Ressourcement: A Movement for Renewal in Twentieth-Century Catholic Theology. Chapter 24, Ressourcement and Vatican II . Oxford. doi : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199552870.001.0001 . ISBN 9780199552870 . Retrieved 12 March 2017 .

^ Eucharist . Notre Dame University. 1989. ISBN 978-0268004989 . , p. 318

^ 'Well Begun Is Half Done: The New Introductory Rites' in The Revised Sacramentary in Liturgy for the New Millennium: A Commentary on the Revised Sacramentary: Essays in Honor of Anscar J. Chupungco. Ed. Mark R. Francis and Keith F. Pecklers . Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8146-6174-1 . Retrieved 26 June 2017 .

^ Church and World . Herder and Herder. 1967 . Retrieved 12 March 2017 .

^ New Dictionary of Sacramental Worship . Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. 1990. pp. 944f. ISBN 978-0814657881 .

^ Jumalanpalvelusten kirja (PDF) (in Finnish). Helsinki: Kirkkohallitus. 2000. pp. 16–17. OCLC 58343251 .

^ Berndt, Guido M. (2016-04-15). Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed . Routledge. ISBN 9781317178651 .

Entrance hymn and Trinitarian formula (known as the Invocation)
Penitential Act including the Confiteor and Declaration of Grace (or Asperges on Easter)

Kyrie , a transliteration of Greek Κύριε , vocative case of Κύριος ( Kyrios ), is a common name of an important prayer of Christian liturgy , also called the Kyrie eleison ( / ˈ k ɪər i . eɪ ɪ ˈ l eɪ . ɪ s ɒ n , - s ən / KEER -ee-ay il- AY -iss-on, -⁠ən ; Ancient Greek : Κύριε, ἐλέησον , romanized : Kýrie eléēson , lit. 'Lord, have mercy'). [1]

The prayer, "Kyrie, eleison," "Lord, have mercy" derives from a Biblical phrase. Greek ἐλέησόν με κύριε "have mercy on me, Lord " is the Septuagint translation of the
phrase חָנֵּנִי יְהוָה found often in Psalms (
6 :2,
9 :13,
31 :9,
86 :3,
123 :3)

In the New Testament, the Greek phrase occurs three times in Matthew :

In the Parable of the Publican and the Pharisee (Luke 18:9-14) the despised tax collector who cries out "Lord have mercy on me, a sinner" is contrasted with the smug Pharisee who believes he has no need for forgiveness.

Luke 17:13 has epistates "master" instead of kyrios "lord" ( Ἰησοῦ ἐπιστάτα ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς ), being less suggestive of the kyrios "lord" used as euphemism for YHWH in the Septuagint.
There are other examples in the text of the gospels without the kyrie "lord", e.g.
Mark 10:46, where blind Bartimaeus cries out, "Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me."
In the biblical text, the phrase is always personalized by an explicit object (such as, "on me", "on us", "on my son"), [2] while in the Eucharistic celebration it can be seen more as a general expression of confidence in God's love. [3] : 293

The phrase Kýrie, eléison (Greek: Κύριε, ἐλέησον ), whether in Greek or in other languages, is one of the most oft-repeated phrases in Eastern Christianity , including the Eastern Orthodox , Oriental Orthodox , and Eastern Catholic Churches . The Greek phrase, Kýrie, eléison , is for instance extensively used in the Coptic (Egyptian) Christian liturgy, which uses both the Coptic and the Greek languages.

The various litanies , frequent in Eastern Orthodox rites, generally have Lord, have mercy as their response, either singly or triply. Some petitions in these litanies will have twelve or even forty repetitions of the phrase as a response.

The phrase is also the origin of the Jesus Prayer , beloved by eastern Christians as a foundation of personal prayer, and is increasingly popular among some Western Christians.

The prayer is simultaneously a petition and a prayer of thanksgiving; an acknowledgement of what God has done, what God is doing, and what God will continue to do. It is refined in the Parable of The Publican ( Luke 18:9–14 ), "God, have mercy on me, a sinner", which shows more clearly its connection with the Jesus Prayer.

In Rome, the Liturgy was first celebrated in Greek. Josef Jungmann suggests the Kyrie in the Roman Mass is best seen as a vestige of a litany at the beginning of the Mass, like that of some Eastern churches, retained after Latin became normative. [3] : 335f.

As early as the sixth century, Pope Gregory the Great noted that there were differences in the way in which eastern and western churches sang Kyrie . In the eastern churches all sing it at the same time, whereas in the western church the clergy sing it and the people respond. Also the western church sang Christe eléison as many times as Kyrie eléison . [1] [4] In the Roman Rite liturgy, this variant, Christe, eléison , is a transliteration of Greek Χριστέ, ἐλέησον .

"Kyrie, eléison" ("Lord, have mercy") may also be used as a response of the people to intentions mentioned in the Prayer of the Faithful. Since 1549, Anglicans have normally sung or said the Kyrie in English. In the 1552 Book of Common Prayer , the Kyrie was inserted into a recitation of the Ten Commandments . Modern revisions of the Prayer Book have restored the option of using the Kyrie without the Commandments. Other denominations, such as Lutheranism , also use "Kyrie, eléison" in their liturgies.

In the Tridentine Mass form of the Roman Rite , Kýrie, eléison is sung or said three times, followed by a threefold Christe, eléison and by another threefold Kýrie, eléison . Collectively the nine invocations are said to unite the petitions of the faithful to those of the nine choirs of angels in heaven. In the Paul VI Mass form, in the interests of brevity, each invocation is made only once by the celebrating priest, a deacon if present, or else by a cantor, with a single repetition, each time, by the congregation (though the Roman Missal allows for the Kyrie to be sung with more than six invocations, thus allowing the traditional use). Even if Mass is celebrated in the vernacular, the Kyrie may be in Greek. This prayer occurs directly following the Penitential Rite or is incorporated in that rite as one of the three alternative forms provided in the Roman Missal . The Penitential Rite and Kyrie may be replaced by the Rite of Sprinkling .

In modern Anglican churches, it is common to say (or sing) either the Kyrie or the Gloria in Excelsis Deo , but not both. In this case, the Kyrie may be said in penitential seasons like Lent and Advent , while the Gloria is said the rest of the year. Anglo-Catholics , however, usually follow Roman norms in this as in most other liturgical matters.

In the Tridentine Mass , the Kyrie is the first sung prayer of the Mass ordinary . It is usually (but not always) part of any musical setting of the Mass . Kyrie movements often have a ternary (ABA) musical structure that reflects the symmetrical structure of the text. Musical settings exist in styles ranging from Gregorian chant to folk . Additionally, the musician Judee Sill emulated the Greek Orthodox delivery of the Kyrie in her song "The Donor" on the album Heart Food . [5]

The band Mr. Mister released their popular song Kyrie in 1985.

The Kyrie serves as the beginning of litanies in the Roman Rite. [6]

The original pronunciation in Medieval Greek was [ˈcyri.e eˈle.ison xrisˈte eˈle.ison] , just when the Byzantine Rite was in force. The transliteration of ἐλέησον as eléison shows that the post-classical itacist pronunciation of the Greek letter eta (η) is used. Although the Greek words have seven syllables (Ký-ri-e, e-lé-i-son), pronunciations as six syllables (Ký-ri-e, e-léi-son) or five (Ký-rie, e-léi-son) have been used.

In Ecclesiastical Latin a variety of pronunciations are used, the italianate [ˈkiri.e eˈle.ison ˈkriste eˈle.ison] having been proposed as a standard. [ dubious – discuss ] Text underlay in mediaeval and Renaissance music attests that "Ký-ri-e-léi-son" (five syllables) was the most common setting until perhaps the mid-16th century. William Byrd 's Mass for Four Voices is a notable example of a musical setting originally written with five syllables in mind, later altered for six syllables. [ citation needed ]

The Mediaeval poetic form Kyrielle sometimes uses Kýrieléis , an even more drastic four-syllable form, which is reduced to three syllables or even to kyrleis in the German Leise [ˈlaɪzə] .

In the Suomi language of Finland the phrase is rendered kuria eläissäin (punish/guide me while I'm living; id est , not after death).

The terms aggiornamento (bringing up to date) and ressourcement (light of the Gospel) figure significantly into the documents of Vatican II : “The Church carries the responsibility of scrutinizing the signs of the times and interpreting them in the light of the Gospel” ( Gaudium et spes , 4). [7] Louis Bouyer , a theologian at Vatican II, wrote of the distortion of the Eucharistic spirit of the Mass over the centuries, so that "one could find merely traces of the original sense of the Eucharist as a thanksgiving for the wonders God has wrought.” [8] The General Instruction of the Roman Missal ( GIRM ) notes that at the Council of Trent "manuscripts in the Vatican ... by no means made it possible to inquire into 'ancient and approved authors' farther back than the liturgical commentaries of the Middle Ages ... [But] traditions dating back to the first centuries, before the formation of the rites of East and West, are better known today because of the discovery of so many liturgical documents" (7f.). Consonant with these modern studies, theologians have suggested that there be a continuity in praise of God between the opening song and the praise of the Gloria . This is explained by Mark R. Francis of Catholic Theological Union in Chicago , speaking of the Kyrie:

Its emphasis is not on us (our sinfulness) but on God’s mercy and salvific action in Jesus Christ. It could just as accurately be translated "O Lord, you are merciful!" Note that the sample tropes all mention what Christ has done for us, not how we have sinned. For example, “you were sent to heal the contrite,” “you have shown us the way to the Father,” or “you come in word and sacrament to strengthen us in holiness,” leading to further acclamation of God’s praises in the Gloria. [9]
In this same line, Hans Urs von Balthasar calls for a renewal in our whole focus at the Eucharist:

We must make every effort to arouse the sense of community within the liturgy, to restore liturgy to the ecclesial plane, where individuals can take their proper place in it…. Liturgical piety involves a total turning from concern with one’s inner state to the attitude and feeling of the Church. It means enlarging the scope of prayer, so often narrow and selfish, to embrace the concerns of the whole Church and, indeed – as in the Our Father – of God.” [10]
In the New Dictionary of Sacramental Worship, the need to establish communion is reinforced as it quotes the GIRM to the effect that the purpose of the introductory rites is “to ensure that the faithful who come together as one establish communion and dispose themselves to listen properly to God's word and to celebrate the Eucharist worthily” ( GIRM , 46, emphasis added). [11]

In addition to the original Greek and the local vernacular, many Christian communities use other languages, especially where the prayer is repeated often.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Kyrie Eleison". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Afrikaans : Here, ontferm U
Albanian : O Zot ki mëshirë
Amharic , Ge'ez and Tigrinya : ኪርያላይሶን
Arabic : يا رب ارحم (Yā Rabbe Erḥam)
Armenian : Տէր, ողորմեա (Ter voġormya)
Batak : Debata, Asima rohaM
Basque : Erruki zakizkigu, Jauna
Belarusian : Госпадзе (Пане), зьмілуйся (Hospadzie (Panie), źmiłujsia, Hospad'zie (Panie), z'miluysia)
Bulgarian : Господи, помилуй (Gospodi, pomiluj)
Catalan : Senyor, tingueu pietat
Chinese :
Protestant :( traditional :) 求主憐憫 ( simplified :) 求主怜悯 ( Mandarin pinyin : qiúzhǔ lián mǐn; Cantonese jyutping : kau4 zyu2 lin4 man5; Min : kiuchu lian bin)
Catholic :( traditional :) 上主求祢垂憐 ( simplified :) 上主求祢垂怜 ( Mandarin pinyin : shàngzhǔ qiú nǐ suílián; Cantonese jyutping : soeng6 zyu2 kau4 nei5 seoi4 lin4; Min : siōng-chú kiû lí sûi-lîn)
Church Slavonic : Господи Помилуй (Gospodi pomilui)
Croatian : Gospodine, smiluj se
Czech : Pane, smiluj se
Danish : Herre, forbarm Dig
Dutch : Heer, ontferm U
English : Lord, have mercy
Esperanto : Sinjoro, kompatu nin.
Estonian : Issand, halasta
Filipino (Cebuano) : Ginoo, kaloy-i kami
Filipino (Ilocano) : Apo, Maasi Ka
Filipino (Kapampangan) : Guinú, pakalulù
Filipino (Tagalog) : Panginoón, maawa ka
Filipino (Bikol) : Kagurangnan, maherak ka
Finnish : Herra armahda [12]
French : Seigneur, prends pitié
German : Herr, erbarme Dich
Georgian : უფალო, შეგვიწყალენ (Up'alo, šegvitsk'alen)
Gaelic (Scotland) : A Thighearna, dèan tròcair oirnn
Gothic : 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 (Fráuja armáis)
Ancient Greek : Κύριε ἐλέησον (Kúrie eléêson)
Modern Greek : Κύριε ελέησον (Kírie eléison)
Guarani : Oré Poriahú verekó, Ñandejara
Hebrew : אדון רחם נא (Adon raḥem na)
Hill Mari : Йымы, жӓлаемӓ
Hungarian : Uram, irgalmazz
Icelandic : Drottinn, miskunna þú oss
Indonesian : Tuhan, kasihanilah kami. In the Eastern Orthodox litani : Tuhan kasihanilah
Irish Gaelic : A Thiarna, déan trócaire orainn
Italian : Signore, pietà
Japanese :
Catholic: 主よ、憐み給え (しゅよ、あわれみたまえ) (Shuyo, awaremi-tamae).
Eastern Orthodox litany: 主、憐れめよ (Shu, awaremeyo).
Javanese : Gusti, mugi melasi
Korean : 주님, 자비를 베푸소서 (Junim, jabireul bepusoseo)
Kreyol : Seyè, pran pitye
Kinyarwanda : Nyagasani, tubabarire
Latin : Domine, miserere nobis
Latvian : Kungs, apžēlojies
Lithuanian : Viešpatie, pasigailėk
Macedonian : Господи, помилуј (Gospodi, pomiluj)
Malagasy : Tompo o, mamindrà fo
Bahasa Melayu : Tuhan, kasihanilah kami
Malayalam : കർത്താവെ കനിയണമേ (Karthave Kaniyaname)
Māori : E te Ariki, kia aroha mai
Meadow Mari : Юмо серлаге (Yumo serlage)
Maltese : Mulej ħniena
Northern Ndebele : Nkosi, sihawukele
Norwegian : Herre, miskunne Deg
Persian : پروردگارا ، به ما رحم كن
Polish : Panie, zmiłuj się
Portuguese : Senhor, tende piedade
Romanian : Doamne, miluieşte
Russian : Господи, помилуй (Gospodi, pomiluj)
Samoan : Le Ali'i e, alofa mai
Sanskrit : पते, दयस्व (Páte, dáyasva)
Sepedi (Northern Sotho): Morena, re gaugele
Serbian : Господи, помилуј (Gospodi, pomiluj)
Shona : Mambo tinzwireiwo tsitsi
Slovak : Pane, zmiluj sa
Slovene : Gospod, usmili se
Spanish : Señor, ten piedad
Swahili : Bwana utuhurumie.
Swedish : Herre, förbarma Dig
Syriac : ܡܳܪܰܢ ܐܶܬ݂ܪܰܚܰܡ (Moran eṯraḥam)
Tamil : Aandavarae irakkamaayirum
Telugu : Prabhuva, kanikarinchumu
Thai : พระผู้เป็นเจ้า โปรดเมตตาเทอญ
Turkish : Rabbim, bize merhamet eyle
Ukrainian : Господи, помилуй (Hospody, pomyluj)
Vandalic : Froia arme [13]
Vietnamese : Xin Chúa thương xót chúng con
Welsh : Arglwydd, trugarha wrthym

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