Курсовая работа: Adjectives

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1.1Adjectives. ________________________________3
1.2Degrees of Comparison ______________________3
1.3Substantivization of Adjectives. _______________6
1.4Syntactic Functions of Adjectives.______________7
2.1Position of Adjectives________________________7
2.2Order of Adjectives. _________________________9
2.3Adjectives with prepositions. _________________11
2.4Adjectives with ‘to’-infinitive or ‘that’-clauses ___13
Conclusion__________________________________17
Appendix ___________________________________19
Bibliography ________________________________20
We have chosen this theme because we like adjectives from our early school age. It was interesting for us to investigate adjectives and to find something new that we didn’t know before. First of all we found out the basical definitions of adjectives to describe it as part of speech. We used many theoretical books to do our course work, such as: « Modern English language» (Theoretical course grammar) V.N. Zhigadlo, I.P. Ivanova, L.L. Iofik. Moscow, 1956 y., Baker, Mark. 2005. Lexical Categories - Verbs, nouns and adjectives. Cambridge University Press, etc. Then we looked through the “Warren, Beatrice. (1984). Classifying adjectives. Gothenburg studies in English” to know their theories and thoughts about adjectives as a part of speech. Here what we found about it:
In grammar, an adjective
is a part of speech that modifies a noun or a pronoun, usually by describing it or making its meaning more specific. Adjectives exist in most languages. The most widely recognized adjectives in English are words such as big,
old,
and tired
that actually describe people, places, or things. These words can themselves be modified with adverbs, as in the phrase very big.
The articles a,
an,
and the
and possessive nouns, such as Mary's,
are classified as adjectives by some grammarians; however, such classification may be specific to one particular language. Other grammarians call such noun modifiers determiners. Similarly, possessive adjectives, such as his
or her,
are sometimes called determinative possessive pronouns, and demonstrative adjectives, such as this
or that,
are called determinative demonstratives.In some languages, participles are used as adjectives. Examples of participles used as adjectives are lingering
in the phrase lingering headache
and broken
in the phrase broken toys.
Nouns that modify other nouns are sometimes called modifying nouns, nouns used adjectivally, or just part of a compound noun (like the word ice
in ice cream
).
She was scared that they would find her.
The subject of our investigation was adjectives. What we have learnt about adjectives is that most English adjectives have comparative and superlative forms. These are generally constructed in one of two ways: either by suffixes ( big, bigger, biggest
) or by the use of the grammatical particles more
and most
. We have investigatedthat some adjectives have suppletive forms in their comparison, such as good, better, best
. Comparative and superlative forms apply only to the base form of the adjective, so that duplicate forms like most biggest
or worser
are nonstandard (although lesser
is sometimes permitted as a variant of less
). A few adjectives have no comparative but a superlative with -most
: uppermost
, westernmost
, etc. Also it has its own degrees, such as comparison, etc. Those such as male
, female
, extant
and extinct
which express "absolute" qualities do not admit comparisons: one animal cannot be more extinct than another. Similarly in a planktonic organism
the adjective planktonic
simply means plankton-type; there are no degrees or grades of planktonic. Other cases are more debatable. Grammatical prescriptivists frequently object to phrases such as more perfect
on the grounds that something either is perfect or it is not. However, many speakers of English accept the phrase as meaning more nearly perfect
. An adjective that causes particular controversy in this respect is unique
. The formulations more unique
and most unique
are guaranteed to raise the hackles of purists. Which English adjectives are compared by -er/-est
and which by more/most
is a complex matter of English idiom. Generally, shorter adjectives (including most monosyllabic adjectives), Anglo-Saxon words, and shorter, fully domesticated French words (e.g. noble
) use the suffixes -er/-est
. Adjectives with two syllables vary. Some take either form, and the situation determines the usage. For example, one will see commoner
and more common
, depending on which sounds better in the context. Two-syllable adjectives that end in the sound [i], most often spelled with y
, generally take -er/-est
, e.g., pretty
: prettier
: prettiest
. It was pleasant to investigate adjectives and we think that it is not the end of its investigation. We will continue this theme on our diploma work. Thank you for spending time on reading our course work!
For my practical task I decided to find something extraordinary what we didn’t learn at school and at university also. It is eponymous adjective!
· Aaronic
— Aaron (as in Aaronic Priesthood
)
· Abbasid
— Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (as in Abbasid Dynasty
)
· Abelian
— Niels Henrik Abel (as in Abelian group
)
· Abrahamic
— Abraham (as in Abrahamic religions
)
· Achillean
— Achilles, of Greek mythology
· Adamic
— Adam (as in Adamic language
); also Adamite
(as in pre-Adamite race
)
· Addisonian
— Thomas Addison (as in Addisonian crisis
)
· Adlerian
— Alfred Adler (as in Classical Adlerian psychology
)
· Aegean
— Aegeus, of Greek mythology (as in Aegean Sea
)
· Aeolian
— Aeolus, of Greek mythology (as in Aeolian Islands
)
· Aldine
— Aldus Manutius (as in Aldine Press
)
· Alexandrine
— Alexander the Great (as in Alexandrine verse
); also Alexandrian
(as in Alexandrian period
)
· Amperian
— André-Marie Ampère (as in Amperian loop
)
· Antonian
— St. Anthony the Great (as in Antonian
monasticism
); Antoninus Pius (as in Nervan-Antonian dynasty
)
· Antonine
— Antoninus Pius (as in Antonine Wall
); Marcus Aurelius
1.« Modern English language» (Theoretical course grammar) V.N. Zhigadlo, I.P. Ivanova, L.L. Iofik. Moscow, 1956 y.
2.“Morphology of the English language”А.I.Smirnitcky. Moscow, 1959 y.
3.“Theoretical grammar of the English language” B.S. Khaimovich, B.I. Rogovskaya. Moscow, 1967 y.
4. Baker, Mark. 2005. Lexical Categories - Verbs, nouns and adjectives. Cambridge University Press
5.Dixon, R. M. W. (1977). Where have all the adjectives gone? Studies in Language, 1, 19-80.
6.Dixon, R. M. W. (1994). Adjectives. In R. E. Asher (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (pp. 29-35). Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-035943-4. (Republished as Dixon 1999).
7.Dixon, R. M. W. (1999). Adjectives. In K. Brown & T. Miller (Eds.), Concise encyclopedia of grammatical categories (pp. 1-8). Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-043164-X.
8.Warren, Beatrice. (1984). Classifying adjectives. Gothenburg studies in English (No. 56). Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. ISBN 91-7346-133-4.

Название: Adjectives
Раздел: Топики по английскому языку
Тип: курсовая работа
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eastern existing neighbouring northern atomic indoor occasional southern countless introductory outdoor western digital maximum
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Size shape age colour nationality material
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able due likely unlikelyapt inclined prepared unwillingbound liable ready willing
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Курсовая работа: Adjectives
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