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These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Alongside the more well-known substances available on illicit drug markets, a number of other substances with hallucinogenic, anaesthetic, dissociative or depressant properties are used in Europe: these include LSD lysergic acid diethylamide , hallucinogenic mushrooms, ketamine, GHB gamma-hydroxybutyrate and nitrous oxide. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the situation regarding these substances in Europe, including seizures, prevalence and patterns of use, treatment entry, harms and more. European Drug Report — home. The drug situation in Europe up to Drug supply, production and precursors. Synthetic stimulants. Heroin and other opioids. Other drugs. New psychoactive substances. Injecting drug use in Europe. Drug-related infectious diseases. Drug-induced deaths. Opioid agonist treatment. Harm reduction. Some of these substances appear to have become well-established in some countries, cities or specific populations, although overall their relative prevalence may remain low in comparison to some other better-known drug classes. However, for a variety of methodological and historical reasons, our current monitoring approaches often perform poorly in identifying patterns and trends in the use of less well-known substances. This makes it difficult to comment with confidence on the prevalence of use or recent trends, or on the extent to which these drugs are associated with health or social problems. The information available suggests, however, that in some countries, subgroups or settings, the use of these sorts of substances has become more common. As patterns of drug use can change rapidly and many of the drug-related problems we face are increasingly influenced by the co-consumption of multiple substances, there is a strong argument for increasing investment in the surveillance of substances with hallucinogenic, anaesthetic, dissociative or depressant properties. The quantity of ketamine seized and reported to the EU Early Warning System on new psychoactive substances has varied over time, but has remained at relatively high levels in recent years, tripling from just under a tonne in to 2. Seizures were reported by 17 countries in both years, with both Denmark and the Netherlands reporting large seizures, and these two countries together accounted for two thirds of the overall quantity of ketamine seized in Most of the ketamine seized in Europe is thought to originate from India, but there is some evidence that the drug may also be sourced from Pakistan and China. Available information suggests that production of the drug in Europe remains limited. Overall, there is evidence to suggest that ketamine is likely to be consistently available in some national drug markets and may have become an established drug of choice in some settings. It is also reported to be used in combination with other substances, such as stimulants. In Ireland, for example, the intentional mixing of cocaine and ketamine has been identified at music festivals, as have ketamine-related medical incidents during and In , Euro-DEN sentinel hospital emergency departments in Europe reported that cocaine was the substance most often reported in combination with ketamine in acute toxicity presentations. Ketamine is commonly snorted, but can also be injected, and has been linked to various dose-dependent acute and chronic harms, including neurological and cardiovascular toxicity, mental health problems, such as depression, and urological complications, such as bladder damage from intensive use or the presence of adulterants. Ketamine may also be added to other drug mixtures, including MDMA powders and tablets, potentially making inadvertent consumption an issue. In contrast to some other parts of the world, mixtures sold as pink cocaine are less likely to contain the synthetic drug 2C-B, which has historically been associated with this product. It is also interesting to note that while the overall figure remains low, both the quantity of 2C-B seized and the number of countries reporting seizures increased in , with 14 countries reporting seizures amounting to just under 6 kilograms of this drug. The number of clients reported to receive treatment for problems related to ketamine use remains low. However, it has risen from around cases reported in to in Moreover, this data set is not likely to capture all those having health problems with this drug. For example, those who have developed urological problems may be poorly represented. Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, has been linked to various health problems, including poisonings, burns and lung injuries and, in some cases of prolonged exposure, neurotoxicity from vitamin B12 deficiency. There is, however, a debate on the extent to which this substance is associated with negative health risks, especially among episodic users, although given its apparent growing popularity among young people, this is clearly an important area for further research and monitoring. In some European cities, discarded nitrous oxide gas canisters have become a relatively common sight, and the disposal of the smaller stainless steel canisters has been identified as a drug-litter issue in some countries. The drug has become more accessible and cheaper, available online and with the increased availability of larger gas canisters aimed at recreational use. However, high-volume cylinders may also increase the risk of lung damage, due to the higher pressure of their contents and, in general, inhaling directly from gas bottles is reported to be associated with a greater risk of harm. Nitrous oxide has various commercial uses, for example, it is used by the catering industry. Regulatory approaches to the sale and use of this substance vary between countries, with the gas legally available for sale in some countries. Several EU countries, including Denmark, France, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Portugal have restricted the availability of nitrous oxide in recent years. There is limited evaluative information about the effectiveness of legislative or other approaches to restricting access to nitrous oxide. Non-controlled and new benzodiazepines also continued to be available in some European countries but, again, current monitoring approaches make it difficult to comment on the scale of their use, although signals exist that these substances may have important consequences for health, especially when consumed in combination with other drugs. They are often very cheap and may be used by young people in combination with alcohol, sometimes resulting in potentially serious health reactions or aberrant behaviour. These substances have also been linked to overdose deaths among people who use opioids. A lack of toxicological information means the role that benzodiazepines play in opioid-related deaths is not sufficiently understood. So far, seizures of benzo-dope have been reported by Estonia and Latvia. In both countries, the same mixtures have also been identified in residues analysed from used syringes. Both clinical and public interest has been growing in the therapeutic use of some novel substances, particularly psychedelic substances, but also dissociative drugs such as ketamine. At the same time, a growing number of clinical studies, both internationally and in Europe, are exploring the potential of a range of psychedelic substances to treat different mental health conditions. The evidence base in this area is growing rapidly, and some studies have produced evidence to support the view that some substances may have value in the treatment of specific neuropsychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder or treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder. However, the interpretation of the results is complicated by a range of methodological issues, and generalisation remains difficult as much of the research in this area remains at an early stage. Nonetheless, these developments have received considerable media attention, raising concerns that this may encourage greater experimental use of a range of potent psychoactive substances without appropriate medical support, potentially putting vulnerable individuals at risk of suffering adverse consequences. At the same time, there are signs of unregulated programmes being operated in the European Union and elsewhere, in which the use of psychedelic substances is included as part of a wellness, therapeutic or spiritually oriented intervention. Strengthening monitoring in this area will be important, as a growth of unlicensed therapeutic uses of psychedelics may adversely affect vulnerable individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions. Mean daily amounts of ketamine in milligrams per population. Sampling was carried out over a week in March and April For the complete data set and analysis, see Wastewater analysis and drugs — a European multi-city study. Increases were observed in the number of clients entering treatment for problems related to ketamine use in Belgium, Germany and Italy in and Spain in most recent data , with the overall number rising from in to an estimated clients in in these countries. Show source tables. The complete set of source data for the European Drug Report including metadata and methodological notes is available in our data catalogue. A subset of this data, used to generate infographics, charts and similar elements on this page, may be found below. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. 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