Kenya

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Kenya
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1. According to cia.gov , estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex, than would otherwise be expected. [2]

↑ Constitution (2009) Art. 7[National, official and other languages] "(1) The national language of the Republic is Kiswahili. (2) The official languages of the Republic are Kiswahili and English. (3) The State shall–-–- (a) promote and protect the diversity of language of the people of Kenya; and (b) promote the development and use of indigenous languages, Kenyan Sign language, Braille and other communication formats and technologies accessible to persons with disabilities."

↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Central Intelligence Agency (2012). "Kenya" . The World Factbook . Archived from the original on 31 August 2020 . Retrieved 28 May 2013 .

↑ "Official 2009 census results" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-30 . Retrieved 2011-01-31 .

↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Kenya" . International Monetary Fund . Retrieved 6 November 2011 .

↑ "Human Development Report 2011" (PDF) . United Nations. 2011 . Retrieved 2 November 2011 .

↑ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2015-05-03 . Retrieved 2015-04-30 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )

↑ "Kenya" .

↑ Cheruiyot, Ruth Catherine (1974). A Study of Racial Discrimination in Kenya During the Colonial Period (PDF) (Master of Arts thesis). Oklahoma State University.

↑ Walsh, Declan (2005-03-12). "Revealing the shameful secrets of a dirty war" . The Irish Times . Retrieved 2020-11-07 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )

↑ Maloba, W. O. (2017). The Anatomy of Neo-Colonialism in Kenya: British Imperialism and Kenyatta, 1963–1978 . African Histories and Modernities. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-319-50964-8 .

↑ Said-Moorhouse, Cullinane and Duggan, Lauren,Susannah and Briana (31 October 2017). "Uhuru Kenyatta wins disputed Kenya presidential rerun" . CNN . {{ cite news }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )

↑ Muriuki, Benjamin (27 November 2019). "The 19-Hour Uhuru-Raila Meeting That Brokered The Handshake Deal" . Citizen Digital . {{ cite news }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )

↑ Jump up to: 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Theresa K. Buskey (March 2001). History and Geography . LIFEPAC. Alpha Omega Publications. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-58095-155-5 .


Kenya is a country in East Africa , about halfway down, near the horn of Africa. It has the Indian Ocean to its east and Lake Victoria to its west. Kenya borders the Jubaland part of Somalia (east), Ethiopia (north), South Sudan (north-west), Uganda (west), and Tanzania (south). Kenya is about the size of France , and almost as large as Texas (U.S.).

The capital city of Kenya is Nairobi , which is the 14th largest city in Africa (after Accra, Ghana). [6] Some cities on the seaside are Mombasa and Malindi on the Indian Ocean, Nyeri, Nanyuki, Naivasha, and Thika in the Kenyan Highlands, and Kisumu on Lake Victoria .

The first humans may have lived near the lakes of Kenya along the Great Rift Valley , which cuts Kenya from north to south.

Kenya's coast is tropical and gets very hot. Inland, it is drier and cooler where the mountains rise up. The highest mountain in Kenya is Mt. Kenya, at 5,199 metres (17,057 ft). Mount Kilimanjaro crosses over the south border, with Tanzania , but the highest part of Kilimanjaro is in Tanzania.

Kenya is home to many different indigenous peoples with their own cultures , languages , and histories . There are at least 44 living languages and 1 extinct language that is not spoken any more. [7] English and Swahili are the official languages spoken in Kenya. Because of colonialism school-going Kenyans are required to learn English, and it is used in schools and universities .

Kenya was colonized by the British , who began taking land from indigenous peoples to build ranches . They also discriminated against Kenyans in their own land. [8] Kenyans who were against this formed a group called the Kenya Land and Freedom Army, or Mau Mau that fought a war against Britain for independence . The British committed war crimes to stop the Mau Mau, [9] but on December 12, 1963 they agreed to give Kenya independence.

For many years after independence, a single party , the Kenya African National Union (KANU), ruled the country. General elections were held every 5 years. However, all candidates for election to office had to belong to the ruling party, KANU. The party used the police to harass and torture socialists and communists in Kenya, and worked closely with Britain and the United States to keep them out of politics. [10]

Uhuru Kenyatta is currently the president of Kenya with William Ruto as his Deputy, [11] despite this, the two leaders have had political issues after Kenyatta had a peace agrrement often dubbed as 'handshake' with Kenya's opposition leader Raila Odinga after the 2017's General Elections [12] on whom should succeed Kenya's presidency in 2022 as the president supports Odinga.

All Kenyans of school-going age are required to attend Primary School . However, school fees and required uniforms often keep students away from school. The Kenyan school system consists of 8 years of primary school, standard 1 through 8, 4 years of high school (Form 1 to 4) and 4 years of university but plans are underway of changing the system to 2 years in pre-school, 6 years in primary school,3 years in junior high school,3 years in senior high school and 3 years in university (2-6-6-3) in 2018. At the end of primary school, all students sit for a standardized exam called Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE). The grades attained in this exam determine which high school the student will attend. In Form 4 (this is the last year in high school), students sit for another exam called Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). The highest achieving students are granted admission into the 5 national universities (Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenyatta University, Egerton University and Moi University). Tertiary colleges, like Globovillee college, also feed the diploma graduates to universities.

Kenya is a country of grassland, but it is not rich, but it is productive land especially in the highlands. This is a very dry grassland with poor soil. [13] Kenya also has very few mineral resources but their main mineral is soda ash. Three-fourths of the country is covered with plains. They are low in altitude along the coast, but get higher further inland, making a large plateau. The part east of Lake Turkana is the only true desert, but the rest can be very close to desert.

Savannas usually get between 4 and 16 inches (100 to 400 mm) of rain in a year. These lands, however, are called savanna because of the type of plants that live there and how they get their rain. [13] Savannas have a wet and dry season. During the wet season it can rain hard for long periods of time then not rain at all in the dry season. Savannas that have more rain often have many trees spaced out across their plains. These trees have deep roots or store water, like desert plants do, to live through the long, dry seasons without rain. Even drier savannas will have only grass, and that too only in a few clumps. The dry land is very bad for crops, but it is a wonderful place for all kinds of wild animals to gather and stay. [13] That is why Kenya has a lot of parks where the animals are kept, and protected from all the hunters. People/tourists come from all over the world to go on photo safaris in Kenya's special wildlife parks. The people come to Kenya on safari to see animals such as the rhinoceros, giraffe, wildebeest, elephant, cheetah, antelope, and lion. These animals live on the savanna grasslands.

The wild herbivores move as they eat, and they never stay in one spot because there is not enough grass for all of them. People also usually raise cattle on the savanna. These animals are kept in one place and often eat up all the grass there. [13]

Since the independence of Kenya in 1963, Kenya had usually had a one-party government. In 1991, a section of the constitution was scrapped, which automatically made it a multi-party state. It is a member of the British Commonwealth. [13] The people are, like the Congo, divided into many tribes that often fight. However, Kenya's government is trying to get the people to work together and has encouraged them to run businesses and factories . Kenya is a developing country and is rapidly becoming modernized. [13]

In 2012, Kenya was divided into 47 counties. The head of each county is a governor, with each county further sub divided into 350 constituencies each representyed in the National Assembly by Members of Parliament.

Motto: " Harambee "  ( Swahili ) "Let us all pull together"
Anthem: Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu "O God of All Creation"

580,367 km 2 (224,081 sq mi) ( 47th )
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kenya .

Trade centers such as Mombasa have existed along the Kenyan and Tanzanian coastlines, known as the Land of Zanj, since at least the 2nd century. These centers traded with the outside world, including China, India, Indonesia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Persia. By around the 9th century, the mix of Africans, Arabs, and Persians who lived and traded there became known as Swahili ("people of the coast") with a distinct language (KiSwahili) and culture. The Portuguese arrived in the 1490s and, using Mombasa as a base, sought to monopolize trade in the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese were pushed out in the late 1600s by the combined forces of Oman and Pate, an island off the coast. In 1890, Germany and the UK divided up the region, with the UK taking the north and the Germans the south, including present-day Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda. The British established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which in 1920 was converted into a colony and named Kenya after its highest mountain. Numerous political disputes between the colony and the UK subsequently led to the violent Mau Mau Uprising, which began in 1952, and the eventual declaration of independence in 1963.
Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
total: 580,367 sq km land: 569,140 sq km water: 11,227 sq km
five times the size of Ohio; slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
total: 3,457 km border countries (5): Ethiopia 867 km; Somalia 684 km; South Sudan 317 km; Tanzania 775 km; Uganda 814 km
territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 762 m
limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower
agricultural land: 48.1% (2018 est.) arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 37.4% (2018 est.) forest: 6.1% (2018 est.) other: 45.8% (2018 est.)
Fresh water lake(s): Lake Victoria (shared with Tanzania and Uganda) - 62,940 sq km Salt water lake(s): Lake Turkana (shared with Ethiopia) - 6,400 sq km
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)
population heavily concentrated in the west along the shore of Lake Victoria; other areas of high density include the capital of Nairobi, and in the southeast along the Indian Ocean coast as shown in this population distribution map
recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons
volcanism: limited volcanic activity; the Barrier (1,032 m) last erupted in 1921; South Island is the only other historically active volcano
the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value; Lake Victoria, the world's largest tropical lake and the second largest fresh water lake, is shared among three countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda
Kenya map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Indian Ocean.
55,864,655 (2022 est.) note: estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
Kikuyu 17.1%, Luhya 14.3%, Kalenjin 13.4%, Luo 10.7%, Kamba 9.8%, Somali 5.8%, Kisii 5.7%, Mijikenda 5.2%, Meru 4.2%, Maasai 2.5%, Turkana 2.1%, non-Kenyan 1%, other 8.2% (2019 est.)
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili)
Christian 85.5% (Protestant 33.4%, Catholic 20.6%, Evangelical 20.4%, African Instituted Churches 7%, other Christian 4.1%), Muslim 10.9%, other 1.8%, none 1.6%, don't know/no answer 0.2% (2019 est.)
Kenya has experienced dramatic population growth since the mid-20th century as a result of its high birth rate and its declining mortality rate. More than 40% of Kenyans are under the age of 15 because of sustained high fertility, early marriage and childbearing, and an unmet need for family planning. Kenya’s persistent rapid population growth strains the labor market, social services, arable land, and natural resources. Although Kenya in 1967 was the first Sub-Saharan country to launch a nationwide family planning program, progress in reducing the birth rate has largely stalled since the late 1990s, when the government decreased its support for family planning to focus on the HIV epidemic. Government commitment and international technical support spurred Kenyan contraceptive use, decreasing the fertility rate (children per woman) from about 8 in the late 1970s to less than 5 children twenty years later, but it has plateaued at just over 3 children today.
Kenya is a source of emigrants and a host country for refugees. In the 1960s and 1970s, Kenyans pursued higher education in the UK because of colonial ties, but as British immigration rules tightened, the US, the then Soviet Union, and Canada became attractive study destinations. Kenya’s stagnant economy and political problems during the 1980s and 1990s led to an outpouring of Kenyan students and professionals seeking permanent opportunities in the West and southern Africa. Nevertheless, Kenya’s relative stability since its independence in 1963 has attracted hundreds of thousands of refugees escaping violent conflicts in neighboring countries; Kenya shelters more than 300,000 Somali refugees as of April 2017.
0-14 years: 38.71% (male 10,412,321/female 10,310,908) 15-24 years: 20.45% (male 5,486,641/female 5,460,372) 25-54 years: 33.75% (male 9,046,946/female 9,021,207) 55-64 years: 4.01% (male 1,053,202/female 1,093,305) 65 years and over: 3.07% (2020 est.) (male 750,988/female 892,046)
total dependency ratio: 69.8 youth dependency ratio: 65.5 elderly dependency ratio: 4.3 potential support ratio: 23.5 (2020 est.)
total: 20 years male: 19.9 years female: 20.1 years (2020 est.)
26.39 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
5.01 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
-0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
population heavily concentrated in the west along the shore of Lake Victoria; other areas of high density include the capital of Nairobi, and in the southeast along the Indian Ocean coast as shown in this population distribution map
urban population: 29% of total population (2022) rate of urbanization: 4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
5.119 million NAIROBI (capital), 1.389 million Mombassa (2022)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
20.3 years (2014 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-49
342 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
total: 27.86 deaths/1,000 live births male: 30.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
total population: 69.69 years male: 67.98 years female: 71.43 years (2022 est.)
3.29 children born/woman (2022 est.)
improved: urban: 91.3% of population rural: 63.3% of population total: 71.2% of population unimproved: urban: 8.7% of population rural: 36.7% of population total: 28.8% of population (2020 est.)
0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
improved: urban: 84% of population rural: 48.1% of population total: 58.2% of population unimproved: urban: 16% of population rural: 51.9% of population total: 41.8% of population (2020 est.)
degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever water contact diseases: schistosomiasis animal contact diseases: rabies
total: 11.1% (2020 est.) male: 19.5% (2020 est.) female: 2.7% (2020 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 81.5% male: 85% female: 78.2% (2018)
total: 12.9% male: 12% female: 13.8% (2019)
water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; water shortage and degraded water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; flooding; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
particulate matter emissions: 25.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 17.91 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 37.65 megatons (2020 est.)
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
agricultural land: 48.1% (2018 est.) arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 37.4% (2018 est.) forest: 6.1% (2018 est.) other: 45.8% (2018 est.)
urban population: 29% of total population (2022) rate of urbanization: 4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
forest revenues: 1.3% of GDP (2018 est.)
coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever water contact diseases: schistosomiasis animal contact diseases: rabies
exceptional shortfall in aggregate food production/supplies: due to drought conditions - about 3.1 million peopl
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