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The city is the 5th-most-populous in Queensland and ranks 14th overall in Australia. Cairns was founded in and named after William Wellington Cairns , Governor of Queensland from to It later developed into a railhead and major port for exporting sugar cane, gold and other metals, minerals and agricultural products from surrounding coastal areas and the Atherton Tableland region. The population of the Cairns urban area at the Census was , Prior to British settlement , the Cairns area was inhabited by the Gimuy Walubara Yidinji people, \\\\\\\\\\\\\[10\\\\\\\\\\\\\] who still claim their Native Title rights. From to the early s the area was known to the British simply as Trinity Bay. The arrival of beche de mer fishermen from the late s saw the first European presence in the area. On the site of the modern-day Cairns foreshore, there was a large native well which was used by these fishermen. A violent confrontation occurred in between local Yidinji people and Phillip Garland, a beche de mer fisherman, over the use of this well. The area from this date was subsequently called Battle Camp. Brinsley G. The site was predominantly mangrove swamps and sand ridges. Labourers gradually cleared the swamps, and the sand ridges were filled with dried mud, sawdust from local sawmills, and ballast from a quarry at Edge Hill. Debris from the construction of a railway to Herberton on the Atherton Tableland, a project which started in , was also used. The railway opened up land later used for agriculture on the lowlands sugar cane, corn, rice, bananas, pineapples , and for fruit and dairy production on the Tableland. The success of local agriculture helped establish Cairns as a port, and the creation of a harbour board in supported its economic future. Combat missions were flown out of Cairns in support of the Battle of the Coral Sea in Edmonton and White Rock south of Cairns were major military supply areas and U. Paratroopers trained at Gordonvale and the Goldsborough Valley. This base was officially known as the Z Experimental Station , \\\\\\\\\\\\\[21\\\\\\\\\\\\\] but referred to informally as 'The House on the Hill'. The opening of the Cairns International Airport in helped establish the city as a desirable destination for international tourism. According to the census of Population, there were , people in Cairns Significant Urban Area. The northern part of the city is located on Trinity Bay and the city centre is located on Trinity Inlet. To the south of the Trinity Inlet lies the Aboriginal community of Yarrabah. Cairns is a provincial city, with a linear urban layout that runs from the south at Edmonton to the north at Ellis Beach. The Northern Beaches consist of a number of beach communities extending north along the coast. In general, each beach suburb is at the end of a spur road extending from the Captain Cook Highway. It serves as the main hub for the Northern Beaches, with a modern shopping arcade, called Smithfield Shopping Centre. South of Smithfield and inland from the Northern Beaches along the edge of the Barron River flood plain are the suburbs of Caravonica , Kamerunga , Freshwater , and Stratford. This area is sometimes referred to as Freshwater Valley, though it is actually the lower part of Redlynch Valley; further up the valley are the suburbs of Redlynch, on the western side of Redlynch Valley, and Brinsmead on the eastern side. Crystal Cascades and Copperlode Falls Dam are also behind this range. Kuranda , a town on the Barron River on the western side of the Macalister Range, forms part of the Cairns economic catchment but is in the Tablelands local government area and is not part of the Cairns urban area. This area is serviced by the Bruce Highway. Cairns has hot, humid summers and milder temperatures in winter. Monsoonal activity during the wet season occasionally causes major flooding of the Barron and Mulgrave Rivers, cutting off road and rail access to the city. Cairns has The average temperature of the sea ranges from Cairns has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:. Cairns is part of the Cairns Region local government area which is governed by a Regional Council. The Council consists of a directly elected mayor and 10 councillors, elected from 10 single-member divisions or wards using an optional preferential voting system. Elections are held every four years. The Cairns Region consists of three former local government areas. The first was the original City of Cairns , consisting of the Cairns City region as listed above. The second, which was amalgamated in , was the Shire of Mulgrave comprising the other areas, namely the Northern Beaches, Redlynch Valley and Southside. The town of Gordonvale was once called Nelson. The third area is the Shire of Douglas , which amalgamated in during major statewide local government reforms. At the time of the amalgamation, Cairns City had a population of approximately 40, and Mulgrave Shire had a population of approximately 60, Both local government authorities had chambers in the Cairns CBD. The old Cairns City Council chambers has been converted into a new city library. In a controversial decision, \\\\\\\\\\\\\[59\\\\\\\\\\\\\] new Council chambers were constructed on previously contaminated land in the mainly industrial suburb of Portsmith. Cairns has three representatives in the Queensland Parliament , from the electoral districts of Barron River , Cairns and the new electorate of Hill shared with parts of Cassorary Coast Region. The city is represented in the Federal Parliament by representatives elected from the districts of Leichhardt and Kennedy. It is a base for the regional offices of various government departments. Tourism plays a major part in the Cairns economy. According to Tourism Australia , the Cairns region is the fourth-most-popular destination for international tourists in Australia after Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. During the Chinese Lunar New Year period alone, Cairns saw 20, Chinese holidaymakers flying in on chartered flights. Great Barrier Reef tours that operate from Cairns are very popular and hence Cairns is also considered as the gateway to Great Barrier Reef. The Cairns esplanade includes a swimming lagoon with adjoining barbecue areas. In May , the then Cairns Mayor Kevin Byrne declared that topless sunbathing is permitted here, as the area is a gathering point for people from around the world who may wish to do so. Several shopping centres of various sizes are located throughout Cairns. The largest of these are Cairns Central shopping centre, located in the central business district CBD , and Stockland Cairns, located in the suburb of Earlville. The Cairns Post is a daily newspaper published in the city; a weekly paper, The Cairns Sun , is also published. The Courier-Mail is a daily Queensland-wide newspaper published in Brisbane. The Australian newspaper also circulates widely. The Cairns Bulletin is an independent newspaper in circulation in the Cairns area. Of the three main commercial networks, Seven Queensland and WIN Television both air minute local news bulletins at 6pm each weeknight, both produced from local newsrooms but broadcast from studios in Maroochydore. Southern Cross Austereo also provides short local news updates on Channel 9 at various intervals throughout the day, presented from a studio in Canberra. Cairns radio stations include a number of public, commercial and community broadcasters. Commercial radio stations include Star The land around Cairns is still used for sugar cane farming, although this land is increasingly under pressure from new suburbs as the city grows. Within the Cairns City Council area there is a sugar mill at Gordonvale. Cairns is an important transport hub in the Far North Queensland region. Located at the base of Cape York Peninsula, it provides important transport links between the Peninsula and Gulf of Carpentaria regions, and the areas to the south of the state. A need for future upgrades to the Bruce Highway to motorway standards through the southern suburbs to Gordonvale has been identified in regional planning strategies to cope with increasing congestion from rapid population growth. This will result in overpasses at all major intersections from Woree to Gordonvale. The motorway will divert from Bentley Park to Gordonvale, bypassing Edmonton to reduce the effects of road noise on residential areas. The highway then extends to the town of Mareeba on the Atherton Tableland , and continues to communities of Cape York Peninsula. The Gillies Highway commences at the township of Gordonvale, and ascends the Gillies Range part of the Great Dividing Range to the town of Atherton on the Atherton Tableland, passing through the township of Yungaburra on the way. The controversial private road, Quaid Road , was constructed in through what is now a Wet Tropics World Heritage Area , and links Wangetti , on the coast just north of Cairns, to Southedge , just south of Mount Molloy. The road is not open to the public and is not used for general traffic. A public bus transit network exists within the city, with two transit hubs located within the CBD: It is managed throughout the city by Translink: Cairns is served by long-distance coaches to Brisbane, and regional cities to the south. Cairns also has a major taxi company, Cairns Taxis, which services the Cairns region. Uber was introduced to the region in March , \\\\\\\\\\\\\[74\\\\\\\\\\\\\] servicing the greater region. Freight trains also operate along the route, with a QR Freight handling facility located at Portsmith. The Kuranda Scenic Railway operates from Cairns. The tourist railway ascends the Macalister Range and is not used for commuter services. It passes through the suburbs of Stratford, Freshwater stopping at Freshwater Station and Redlynch before reaching Kuranda. Freight services to Forsayth were discontinued in the mids. These were mixed freight and passenger services that served the semi-remote towns west of the Great Dividing Range. There is now a weekly passenger-only service, The Savannahlander , that leaves Cairns on Wednesday mornings. Cairns is served by a narrow gauge cane railway or cane train network that hauls harvested sugar cane to the Mulgrave Mill located in Gordonvale. The pressure of urban sprawl on land previously cultivated by cane farmers has seen this network reduced over recent years. The domestic terminal at Cairns Airport underwent an extensive redevelopment which began in and was completed in The airport has a domestic terminal, an international terminal, and a general aviation area. The airport handles international flights, and flights to major Australian cities, tourist destinations, and regional destinations throughout North Queensland. It is an important base for general aviation serving the Cape York Peninsula and Gulf of Carpentaria communities. These consist of large catamarans capable of carrying over passengers, as well as smaller operators that may take as few as 12 tourists. Yearly cargo through the port totals 1. A large number of fishing trawlers are also located at the port. There is also a marina that houses private yachts and boats used for tourist operations. The Trinity Wharf has recently been the subject of a major redevelopment to improve the area for tourist and cruise ship operations. Cairns has numerous primary and secondary schools. Separate systems of private and public schools operate in Queensland. There are 20 state primary schools and 16 state high schools operated by the Queensland state government Department of Education within the Cairns City Council area, including 6 schools in the predominantly rural areas south of Gordonvale. Roman Catholic schools are operated by Catholic Education Cairns. The Roman Catholic system encompasses nineteen primary schools, six secondary colleges and one P college. CQUniversity Australia has established a study centre in Cairns. The smaller Cairns Private Hospital is located nearby. A new building due to be completed in will provide up to more beds. Cairns is a base for the Royal Flying Doctor Service , which operates clinics and provides emergency evacuations in remote communities throughout the region. Cairns is home to the Far North Queensland Heat who play in the 2nd tier of association football in Australia. The team has represented the city nationally previously at the FFA Cup. The team competes at Barlow Park. The Cairns region has a large association football soccer community with a local competition which spans from Port Douglas to Innisfail and west to Dimbulah. Cairns also hosts growing bases for Rugby union , and a local league of Australian rules football. There is a baseball league at Trinity Beach. Cairns is a major international destination for water sports and scuba diving due to its close proximity to the Great Barrier Reef. Other recreational activities popular with tourists include whitewater rafting , skydiving , hang gliding , kitesurfing and snorkelling. The society organises events such as the Chinese New Year Festival , organises Lion dancers and dragon boat racing, maintains the Lit Sung Goong Temple, and offers Chinese language classes and social group activities. Established in , the Cairns and District Family Society maintains a library of world-wide genealogy material at Gatton Street, Westcourt. The society publishes new genealogical resources based on collecting and indexing family information relating to Far North Queeensland. Kuranda scenic railway, Kuranda. Moved termite mounds, Mareeba, Queensland , outskirts of Cairns. Marine stingers sign, Trinity beach , Cairns. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the central business district of Cairns, see Cairns City, Queensland. For other uses, see Cairn and Cairns disambiguation. City in Queensland, Australia. Main article: History of Cairns. Bureau of Meteorology \\\\\\\\\\\\\[25\\\\\\\\\\\\\]. List of schools in Far North Queensland. Queensland portal. Retrieved 4 October Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. ABS Census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 March Retrieved 15 September Geoscience Australia. Archived from the original on 20 December Retrieved 19 December Archived from the original on 7 September Retrieved 14 April Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 26 June The Telegraph Brisbane 1, Queensland, Australia. Retrieved 5 September — via National Library of Australia. Cairns Regional Council. Archived from the original on 3 September Retrieved 9 September Cambridge Studies in Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. Archived PDF from the original on 24 April Retrieved 5 May The Queenslander The Telegraph 1, Archived from the original on 27 February Archived from the original on 18 May The Brisbane Courier. Retrieved 6 April — via National Library of Australia. Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 7 April Retrieved 6 April RAAF Museum. Royal Australian Air Force. Archived from the original on 8 April Retrieved 13 April The Heroes. Gray, Kathleen, ed. The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand First ed. Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. Climates and Weather Explained. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 20 March Archived from the original on 11 January Retrieved 23 October Archived from the original on 17 September Retrieved 1 June CS1 maint: Public Library Connect. November Archived PDF from the original on 30 January Retrieved 19 January Public Libraries Connect. Archived from the original on 19 January Cairns Library. Archived from the original on 5 September Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July Retrieved 1 August The Cairns Post. News Limited. Tourism Australia. Archived from the original PDF on 7 March Archived from the original on 14 October Archived from the original on 5 June Retrieved 4 March Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 6 May Retrieved 29 January Archived from the original on 28 October Archived from the original on 1 November Archived from the original on 24 October Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. Archived from the original PDF on 6 April State of Queensland. Archived from the original on 19 December Retrieved 9 December February March Archived PDF from the original on 24 October Retrieved 24 October Work began on 10 May ; the first sod was turned in Cairns by Samuel Griffith, Premier of Queensland, and the first train arrived in Herberton on 20 October Information taken from: Broughton, A pictorial history of the construction of the Cairns Range Railway, —, Archived from the original on 1 July Archived from the original on Royal Australian Navy. Archived from the original on 15 September Retrieved 21 August Retrieved on 16 July Archived from the original on 19 April Archived from the original on 17 May Archived from the original on 28 January Retrieved 23 January Archived from the original on 20 August Cairns Baseball League 23 July Archived from the original on 21 September Retrieved 12 April Archived from the original on 12 June Cairns Historical Society. Archived from the original on 14 March Retrieved 26 December Archived from the original on 7 July Retrieved 14 December Season 2. Episode 4. Special Broadcasting Service. SBS One. Australian National University. Archived from the original on 11 May Retrieved 10 February Retrieved 14 April — via National Library of Australia. Towns, suburbs and localities in the Cairns Region , Queensland. Main Article: Local government areas of Queensland. Far North Queensland , Queensland. Cities of Queensland , Australia. Cities of Australia. Canberra national capital. Darwin Palmerston. Burnie Devonport Hobart Launceston. Authority control GND: Retrieved from ' https: Hidden categories: Julian—Gregorian uncertainty CS1 maint: Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikivoyage. This page was last edited on 8 April , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. From top down, left to right: Cairns , Barron River , Mulgrave. Mean max temp. Mean min temp. Annual rainfall. Average max. Precipitation totals in mm. Imperial conversion J. Precipitation totals in inches. Cairns Regional Council \\\\\\\\\\\\\[60\\\\\\\\\\\\\] Division. Queensland \\\\\\\\\\\\\[61\\\\\\\\\\\\\] District. Barron River. Craig Crawford. Australia Division. Liberal National.
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