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Medical cannabis: uses and regulation in Europe

Kaunas buying marijuana

Medical cannabis is a therapy that generates a lot of confusion. There is a lot of information circulating about the potential benefits of cannabis or some of its components, but not all of it has sufficient therapeutic evidence, or is legal yet. In this post, we define what medical cannabis is, its accepted therapeutic uses and side effects, as well as look at some European examples in the regulation of medical marijuana therapies and how to access them. In general, medical cannabis refers to the use of components obtained from the cannabis plant. In the ancient world, several cultures used cannabis as a medicine. Even in more modern times, cannabis figured prominently in the prestigious Merck Manual of Medicine. In its edition, it was recommended to treat ailments such as hysteria, delirium, epilepsy, nervous insomnia, migraine, dysmenorrhea and chronic pain. It is also said that Queen Victoria of England used therapeutic marijuana to relieve her menstrual cramps. Although there is no evidence, we do know that his personal physician was a fervent advocate of therapeutic cannabis 1. The UN Drug Conventions ,, determined that cannabis was a dangerous substance with no therapeutic use. But, on the other hand, the therapeutic properties of cannabinoids are undeniable. The irrationality of drug policies and the interference between science and morality 2 lead to surreal situations. In other countries, this difference can lead to imprisonment. In the midth century, the use of clinical trials became widespread as a test to determine the efficacy of drugs. This coincided with the legal restrictions on cannabis. As a result, research on medical cannabis has been delayed. However, at the present time, there are already enough scientific studies to affirm without any doubt that some cannabinoids, especially THC or tetrahydrocannabinol THC or tetrahydrocannabinol and CBD or cannabidiol are safe and effective for certain symptoms or diseases. In fact, both in Europe and in the United States, the Official Medicines Agencies have approved cannabis extracts for the treatment of different pathologies. From a medical and pharmacological point of view, it is preferable to use isolated active ingredients rather than plant extracts of varying composition. Plant extracts make it more difficult to control dosage, to achieve products with homogeneous potency, and are less effective and less safe. However, in the case of cannabis, many of its therapeutic effects are thought to have to do with the interaction between the different cannabinoids with each other and with other compounds in the plant , such as the terpenes. Thus, synergistic effects appear between cannabinoids and terpenes 3 : The effect of two or more components together is stronger than the sum of their individual effects. However, most countries continue to use medicinal preparations based on pure cannabinoids, or combinations of pure cannabinoids. Medical cannabis has been used to treat a variety of diseases and symptoms. The clearest indications for medical cannabis are:. In addition, certain cannabinoids have specific applications, such as CBD in neurological diseases and CBD in psychiatric diseases. To date, there are no approved medical marijuana drugs in Europe that contain the plant in its natural form. However, there are some approved medications that contain synthetic derivatives of cannabis or isolated components of the plant. There are other existing drugs based on synthetic cannabinoids Marinol dronabinol, synthetic deltaTHC for nausea and vomiting; and Cesamet nabilone, synthetic cannabinoid that mimics the effects of THC , for nausea and vomiting and appetite stimulation. Each country has its own laws and regulations on the use of medical cannabis and access to these treatments may vary depending on where the patient is located. Access to and prescription of medical cannabis varies from one European country to another, and is often subject to national regulations. In general, in most cases, physicians are required to have special or specific authorization to prescribe medical cannabis, and patients must meet certain medical criteria to receive this type of treatment. The following are examples of how medical cannabis prescription works in some European countries:. In Spain, any licensed physician can prescribe either of the two available drugs. In addition to the usual medical prescription, an official prescription for narcotic drugs must be presented at the pharmacy. Both drugs are classified as hospital diagnostic. However, they can be obtained from any pharmacy in Spain through a special supply procedure. All drugs authorized in Spain have indications in the technical data sheet, which are those uses for which they are formally indicated. The price of both drugs is high. The National Health System finances them as long as they have the approval of a specialist physician, usually a neurologist or oncologist. Difficulties in access , moral prejudices or the different clinical criteria of each specialist mean that, in practice, many people resort to self-cultivation, supply in cannabis associations or the black market. These are not adequate, although, realistically, the difficulties of access through the health system force the patient to use these resources. In England, medical cannabis was legalized in and can be prescribed for a wide range of medical conditions , such as epilepsy, chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting, and chronic pain; but also for other conditions not covered by other countries, such as anxiety or endometriosis. You can see the full list of conditions for which it can be prescribed here. Moreover, possession of cannabis for personal and recreational use in this country can lead to imprisonment. If you are interested in the subject, we recommend the post on. On the other hand, prescription and access to medical cannabis in the Netherlands is quite different from other European countries. In the Netherlands, the government itself is responsible for controlling the production and distribution of medical marijuana in licensed pharmacies throughout the country, through the Bureau of Medicinal Cannabis BMC program. BMC produces a variety of medical cannabis products, including cannabis flowers buds , cannabis oil and capsules. In order to receive treatment with medical cannabis, Dutch nationals must obtain a prescription from a physician authorized to write such prescriptions. As in other countries, access to medical cannabis is restricted to patients with certain medical conditions, such as chronic diseases and chronic pain. Patients can go to an authorized pharmacy and choose the cannabis strain that best suits their needs and preferences, taking into account the different specific cannabinoid compositions offered. Physicians must obtain special authorization to prescribe medical cannabis, and only products approved by the German Federal Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices are allowed for use. For therapeutic use, most clinical trials have used sublingual preparations. This form of administration causes the cannabinoids to pass directly into the bloodstream through the veins under the tongue. This avoids the disadvantages associated with the oral route , in which cannabinoids are absorbed somewhat more unpredictably, depending on the form of ingestion. That is, depending on the contents of the stomach and other individual factors, the amount of cannabinoids that are taken up by the digestive tract varies The use of vaporizers avoids combustion problems, such as the formation of toxic and carcinogenic particles. There are studies that show that it is possible to administer cannabis in this way, achieving stable levels of cannabinoids in the body However, in many countries the use of marijuana the plant for medical vaporizations is not contemplated. In Spain, for example, the resources to supply yourself are self-cultivation, cannabis associations, or the black market. In clinical trials, most adverse effects of medical cannabis are mild or moderate in nature and well tolerated by most patients 27, 28, 29 :. Some studies have found memory and attention problems 27, 28 in therapeutic cannabis users. But a systematic review 29 considers that, taking into account the doses used at the therapeutic level, the magnitude of this effect is small for most patients. These effects disappear a few days after discontinuation of treatment. In conclusion, nowadays the medicinal properties of cannabinoids have been proven and there is solid scientific evidence supporting their effective and safe therapeutic use to treat various symptoms and diseases. With advances in research, medical cannabis is likely to become an even more widely available and accepted treatment option in the future. Some European countries have legalized medical cannabis, although most of them use it in the form of extracts, not as buds. It is important to note that, like any medical treatment, the use of medical cannabis must be prescribed and supervised by a physician and must comply with local laws and regulations. We remind you that this is an informative article that is not intended to prevent, diagnose or treat any disease. Its content can complement, but never replace, the diagnosis or treatment of any disease or symptom. Consult your physician if you have any questions or concerns about this. Cannactiva products are not medicines. The regulation of medical cannabis may change from the time this post was published. From an exclusively theoretical point of view, a drug of these characteristics therapeutic marijuana, weed could be requested from an EU member country that has approved it. But the bureaucracy is complex, full of obstacles and, as far as I know, no one has successfully navigated this process. Afterwards, it has to pass the evaluation of an Ethics Committee of the Area Hospital. These committees do not decide capriciously or at the personal discretion of the members. Objectively, there are few quality studies to justify the use of marijuana precisely because marijuana research is extraordinarily complex to conduct, given its legal status. In short, it is practically impossible. Smoking marijuana joints, the most commonly used recreational method, is a form of administration that allows cannabinoids to be incorporated into the body quickly and efficiently. The toxic substances generated as a result of combustion mean that, in practice, this is not an acceptable route for therapeutic cannabis. He works in different assistance, research and training projects related to drugs, including therapeutic cannabis. Madrid Store C. Argumosa, 25 , Madrid, Spain. CBD products are not medications and are intended for external use. Consult a specialist if you have symptoms of pain or illness before use. Cannactiva information and its products are not intended to diagnose, treat or prevent diseases. Age verification Please confirm that you are over 18 years old to continue. Sale Product on sale. Russell Reynolds, M. Drug Policy Governance in the UK: lessons from changes to and debates concerning the classification of cannabis under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Int J Drug Policy. Epub Feb PMID: Grof CPL. Cannabis, from plant to pill. Br J Clin Pharmacol. Epub May Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Lynch ME, Campbell F. Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials. Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review. Erratum in: Sleep. Cannabis, a cause for anxiety? A critical appraisal of the anxiogenic and anxiolytic properties. J Transl Med. J Parkinsons Dis. Cannabis in the management of PTSD: a systematic review. AIMS Neurosci. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabinoids in chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases fibromyalgia syndrome, back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis : A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Cannabis use assessment and its impact on pain in rheumatologic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology Oxford. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. Naftali T. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. Epub Mar J Crohns Colitis. Support Care Cancer. Efficacy of cannabinoids against glioblastoma multiforme: A systematic review. Epub Mar 5. Andries A. Frystyk J. Flyvbjerg A. Dronabinol in severe, enduringanorexia nervosa: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47 1 , Tetrahydrocannabinol THC for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind crossover trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol THC is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial. J Clin Psychiatry. Medicine Kaunas. PLoS One. Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis. Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on patients. Mult Scler. Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain. Curr Med Res Opin. Can medical marijuana be prescribed in Spain? Can medical cannabis be smoked? Related entries. Cannabinoid receptors: key to understanding the effects of cannabis. CBD for psoriasis: Potential benefits and applications. CBD use guide for dogs: effects and safe dosage. Members of. Mi Cesta 0. There are no products in the cart! 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Kaunas buying marijuana