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Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection,agricultural research education and extension organization, Tehran. Plant Biology and Crop Productivity. Horticulture Science Res. Iranian Journal of Weed Science , 14 1 , Iranian Journal of Weed Science , 14, 1, , Iranian Journal of Weed Science , ; 14 1 : Toggle navigation. This experiment was conducted during in Karaj, Iran to investigate the effect of cover crops on weed control and the use of herbicide on establishment of cover crops as a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Based on the findings, B. The interaction between cover crops and herbicide on total dry weight of weeds was significant. The most common weeds of the experiment were Alyssum desertorum, Descurainia Sophia and Polygonum aviculare. The mean dry weight reduction of dominant weeds by cover crops compared to control for D. The highest dry weight loss of dominant weeds was belonged to B. Based on the Shannon Wiener index, the highest reductions of diversity compared to the control 1. Ahmadvand, G. The effect of cover crop and different tillage systems on soil physical properties and yield of potatoJournal of Crop Production, 8 4 , Armaki, M. Physiological and morphological responses of three Bromus species to drought stress at seedling stage and grown under germinator and greenhouse conditions. African Journal of Plant Science , 7 5 , pp. Cultivar and plant density influence on weediness in spring barley crops. Agric , 97 , pp. Bangarwa, S. Cover crop and herbicide combinations for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. HortTechnology , 19 2 , pp. Mustard cover crops for biomass production and weed suppression in the Great Lakes region. Agronomy Journal , 4 , pp. Bodner, G. Cover crop evapotranspiration under semi-arid conditions using FAO dual crop coefficient method with water stress compensation. Agricultural water management , 93 3 , pp. Bor, N. Flora Iranica 70 , pp. Crawley, M. The Structure of Plant Communities, p. Crawley, ed. Plant Ecology. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford. Davison, J. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. Ekeleme, F. Weed Technology , 17 1 , Gamito, S. Caution is needed when applying Margalef diversity index. Ecological Indicators , 10 2 , Gerhards, R. Weed research , 43 6 , pp. Grime, J. The interaction of drought and mineral nutrient stress in calcareous grassland. The Journal of Ecology , pp. Hartwig, N. Cover crops and living mulches. Weed science , 50 6 , pp. Hartzler, B. Spatial weed distribution: can it be used to improve weed management. Harwood, R. Relay-intercropping of sunnhemp and cowpea into a smallholder maize system in Zimbabwe. Agronomy Journal , 92 2 , pp. Heap, I. Herbicide resistant weeds. In Integrated Pest Management pp. Springer Netherlands. Hein, T. Herbicide impacts on establishing cover crops. Hock, S. The Journal of Ecology , Korte, N. Suitability of different cover crop mixtures and seedlings for a new tree row management in an organic orchard. GesundePflanzen , 62 2 , pp. Kremer, R. Developing weed-suppressive soils through improved soil quality management. Soil and Tillage Research , 72 2 , pp. Linares, J. Evaluation of annual warm-season cover crops for weed management in organic citrus. In Organic Fruit Conference pp. The effect of water extracts from leaves of Festuca rubra, F. Arundinacea on the initial growth and development of other grass species. Acta Agrobotanica , 66 2 , p. Ludwig, J. Statistical ecology: a primer in methods and computing Vol. Mashhad Ferdowsi University in persia. May, R. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. In: Cody, M. Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp: Mirsky, S. Timing of cover-crop management effects on weed suppression in no-till planted soybean using a roller-crimper. Weed Science , 59 3 , pp. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. Agronomic performance, seed quality and nitrogen uptake of Descurainiasophia in response to different nitrogen rates and water regimes. Industrial crops and products , 44 , pp. Morvillo, C. Competitive and allelopathic interference between soybean crop and annual wormwood Artemisia annua L. European journal of agronomy , 34 4 , pp. Olge, D. Crested WeatgrassAgropyroncristatum. Plant Fact Sheet. Idaho State Office. Olson, K. Long-term effects of cover crops on crop yields, soil organic carbon stocks and sequestration. Open Journal of Soil Science , 4 08 , p. Otto, S. Weed—corn competition parameters in late-winter sowing in northern Italy. Weed science , 57 2 , pp. Padarlo, A. Calculation of Shanon-Weiner and Simpson index in weeds community of saffron fields. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, January. Peeters, A. Festucaovina L. Available from: http: www. Penold, M. Cover crops and weed suppression. Pessarakli, M. Handbook of turfgrass management and physiology. CRC press. Poggio, S. Structure of weed communities occurring in monoculture and intercropping of field pea and barley. Reddy, K. Weed Technology , 17 1 , pp. Rice, P. Runoff loss of pesticides and soil. Journal of Environmental Quality , 30 5 , pp. Rueda Ayala, V. Development of an automated sensor based system for weed harrowing in cereals. Shili-Touzi, I. Does intercropping winter wheat Triticumaestivum with red fescue Festucarubra as a cover crop improve agronomic and environmental performance? A modeling approach. Field crops research , 3 , pp. Sikoriya, S. Smith, R. Assembly of weed communities along a crop diversity gradient. Journal of Applied Ecology , 44 5 , pp. Sultan, S. Phenotypic plasticity for fitness components in Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth. Ecology , 82 2 , Teasdale, J. Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. Journal of Production Agriculture , 9 4 , Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agronomy Journal , 85 3 , Non-chemical weed management , Synergism between cover crop residue and herbicide activity on emergence and early growth of weeds. Weed science , 53 4 , Comparison of mixtures vs. HortScience , 33 7 , pp. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Science , 48 3 , pp. Uchino, H. Jitsuyama, Y. Yudate, T. Ichiyama, K. What is a stable characteristic of cover crops in weed control ability. Upadhyaya M. Non-chemical weed management: Principles , Concepts and Technology. Vahdati, N. Assessing chilling and drought tolerance of different plant genera on extensive green roofs in an arid climate region in Iran. Journal of Environmental Management , , pp. Wiggins, M. Integrating cover crops and post herbicides for glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri control in corn. Weed Technology , 29 3 , pp. Wyngaarden, S. Sustainability , 7 11 , pp. Volume 14, Issue 1 September Pages How to cite.
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Karaj buy weed
In order to compare sampling methods for estimating the populations of the seed bank and the populations of weed seedlings during the growing season in the field, an experiment was conducted in the research field of the Agriculture college of Karaj in the cropping year of In this experiment, sampling of the seed bank was carried out first at the start of the growing season. Then, during the growing season, the weed populations were sampled in 96 points using the networking method, and their means were considered as the base and the real means of the populations of the weeds. Next, to compare other methods with the networking method, sampling was carried out using the systematic, the diagonal, and the random methods, and then the variance of error of each method was calculated and compared with that of the networking method in the format of factorial using a completely randomized design. The first factor studied, the species of weeds, included the three species of grasses, Amaranthus , and Portulaca. The zigzag, the diagonal, and the random sampling methods constituted the second factor. Results relating to the seed bank and those concerning the populations of the weeds were different from each other. The results obtained showed that the suitable method for each species differed according to the different distribution patterns of the weed species in the field. In the seed bank, there were no significant differences among sampling methods for any of the species, but the random method for grasses and Portulaca showed the least error in predicting weed populations. Altogether, among the sampling methods used for Amaranthus , there were no differences in accuracy. Concerning the populations of weed seedlings, the random method for broadleaf weeds Amaranthus and Portulaca , and the zigzag method for grasses, were the best. As for the seed bank, the variance of error of all the methods decreased with an increase in the number of samples taken; and when more than 15 samples were taken, this trend of decrease in the variance of error stabilized and no more reduction in error was observed. Regarding the populations of the weeds, no trend was found between the number of samples taken and the variance of error. Toggle navigation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Contact Anne Brown Editorial Assistant jas ccsenet.
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