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The legislation 'Control of Narcotics Substances Act, ' was passed during a joint session of the lower house — the National Assembly — and the upper house — the Senate — in the capital Islamabad, and will come into force at once. The maximum punishment, according to the fresh legislation, for a convict of a drug-related crime will be life imprisonment, whereas the minimum will be a six-month jail term. Pakistan imposed a ban on capital punishment in in exchange for trade incentives from the EU. However, it lifted the six-year ban on capital punishment after a gun-and-bomb attack on an army school in northwestern Peshawar city in December , which killed over people, mostly students. Currently, there are more than 4, death-row convicts across Pakistan, according to the local media. In February , Pakistan's Supreme Court, in a landmark judgment, ruled that prisoners with serious mental health problems cannot be executed for their crimes. Asia - Pacific Pakistan ends capital punishment for drug trafficking convicts South Asian nation had imposed ban on capital punishment in , but later lifted it in in wake of tragic army school attack Amir Latif Since then, some convicts have been executed. Please contact us for subscription options. Related topics Capital punishment removed drug crimes Pakistan. Pakistan's parliament passes legislation regulating powers of judiciary. Iran, Russia, Oman conduct joint naval drills in Indian Ocean. Authorities clamp down on protesters as Pakistan opposition party takes to streets. We use cookies in a limited and restricted manner for specific purposes. For more details, you can see 'our data policy'. Accept Reject Manage Cookies. Mandatory cookies are used on our website www. These cookies cannot be disabled via the 'Cookie Control Panel'. You can view the cookies used on our site via the 'Cookie Control Panel' and change your preferences. Necessary Cookies. This cookie is used to distinguish between humans and bots. This is beneficial for the web site, in order to make valid reports on the use of their web site. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie is used to collect information on consumer behavior, which is sent to Alexa Analytics. Alexa Analytics is an Amazon company. Reset All Save Changes. Your opinions matter to us times;. Kapat Send.

Profile of drug users in Karachi City, Pakistan

Karachi buy cocaine

PDF version. A descriptive questionnaire survey in Karachi city was made to identify the socioeconomic profile and beliefs and practices of drug users. The most commonly used drugs were cocaine Key psychological factors leading to drug use were problems with parental or marital relations or break-up of a relationship Drugs were seen as an escape from stressful life events Many drug users blamed the origins of their drug use on bad social influences Preventive measures are needed to decrease the rate of drug addiction in Karachi. Bushra: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. There is a large and growing body of research on the causes, risk factors and correlates of substance use \[2—7\]. Generally, addictive drugs can act as positive reinforcers producing euphoria or as negative reinforcers alleviating symptoms of withdrawal or dysphoria \[6,7\]. The drug abuser may expect or perceive the benefits of drug use as the attainment of pleasurable feelings relaxation , increased social interactions reduced inhibition , alteration of their psychological condition to a more desirable state escapism , physical changes anabolic steroids or avoidance of withdrawal symptoms in someone who is dependent on drugs \[8\]. According to the World drug report , from the United Nations Drug Control Programme, Pakistan is one of the countries hardest hit by the narcotics industry \[9\]. According to a survey in there are about 3. An examination of the social and demographic correlates of drug users in Karachi revealed that Among occupational categories, the frequency of drug abuse was highest among those in skilled and unskilled labour categories The present study aimed to add to the body of knowledge about drug use in Pakistan by describing the socioeconomic profile and beliefs and practices of a sample of drug users in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. This was a descriptive questionnaire study of drug users in Karachi city, Pakistan. The sample was a convenience sample of drug users located from different areas of Karachi and including people from different age groups, social backgrounds and employment status. A group of volunteer students from Ziauddin University were trained in how to conduct interviews and fill the questionnaire. The field workers visited different areas of the city which had a reputation of being places used by drug addicts and identified suitable people to interview. Some drug users were identified from personal contacts through the university. All individuals participating in the study were initially approached by the field workers and informed about the objectives of the study and were given an explanation about the questionnaire, that participation was entirely on a voluntary basis and that responses were anonymous. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Ziauddin University. The drug users were interviewed by a researcher using a structured questionnaire, which was also translated into Urdu language to assist those who wished to complete it themselves. The specially-designed questionnaire comprised 25 close-ended plus 5 open-ended questions. The demographic data of participants was limited to age, sex and occupation. Out of the participants, A majority of respondents Table 1 Age and sex distribution of the sample of drug users. Most of the individuals had poly-drug addiction. Nasal inhalation was reported to be the most frequent mode of administration of drugs About After taking drugs they reported feelings of calm and peacefulness The second main cause was poor employment opportunities and financial difficulties Some users developed their habit after using prescribed drugs 6. Only A high proportion Less than a third of the respondents When asked about the conditions in which they would be ready to quit drug use, Over half of drug users Of the respondents, The present study of drug users in Karachi assessed the demographic data and patterns of type of drug use. Women were only The most frequent mode of administration of drugs was through nasal inhalation However, 8. Injecting drug use is associated with the spread of bloodborne infections. Most of the drug users Some of them borrowed money from friends and a few admitted to stealing money to fund their drug use. A high proportion of drug users Most drug users said that they took drugs as an escape from stressful life events They reported feelings of calm and peacefulness Previous surveys distinguished the factors that teenagers susceptible to drug abuse can often be identified by risk factors, such as emotional problems, depression or anxiety. These in turn create low self-esteem and a desire to escape feelings such as self-doubt, powerlessness and hopelessness leading to poor coping skills. This is why the use of psychoactive drugs is quite common in society even among those without any psychiatric disease \[11—15\]. Almost half of the drug users blamed their drug use on bad social influences A few individuals 6. Many respondents expressed a wish to quit their drug use habit, but They believed that drug use was the best solution to their problems, giving them feelings of euphoria, heightened pleasure and reduced anxiety and depression. While more than half of drug users The ease of availability of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in many areas of Karachi has become a public health concern. The government of Pakistan has instituted a series of measures to address the situation but has not completed the implementation of these. A comprehensive drug abuse control strategy demands a realistic assessment of the scope of the problem \[16\]. The available data indicate a significant increase in the use of morphine, heroin, opium, codeine, barbiturates and other natural, synthetic and semi-synthetics drugs in Karachi \[16\]. Psychological and socioeconomic factors that lead people to abuse drugs should be addressed at the government level in order to limit the risk of addiction in society. Education and awareness programmes for the public may help to prevent the inappropriate use of psychoactive drugs and opiates. Regular interventions to control the use of these drugs are also recommended. Subscribe via RSS. Volume 30, number 8 August WHO Bulletin. Pan American Journal of Public Health. Main Search Contact. YouTube Rss feeds Twitter Facebook. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. Profile of drug users in Karachi city, Pakistan. PDF version Research article H. Ali, 1 R. Bushra 1 and N. Methods This was a descriptive questionnaire study of drug users in Karachi city, Pakistan. Sample The sample was a convenience sample of drug users located from different areas of Karachi and including people from different age groups, social backgrounds and employment status. The data were analysed and presented as simple frequencies and percentages. Results Demographic data Out of the participants, Table 1 Age and sex distribution of the sample of drug users Pattern of drug use The most commonly used drugs were cocaine Discussion The present study of drug users in Karachi assessed the demographic data and patterns of type of drug use. Clinical pharmacology , 9th ed. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, Social Problems , , — Newcomb MD et al. Substance abuse and psychosocial risk factors among teenagers: associations with sex, age, ethnicity, and type of school. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , , — Koob G, Kreek MJ. Stress, dysregulation of drug reward pathways, and the transition to drug dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry , , — The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. American Journal of Psychiatry, , — Spanagel R, Weiss F. The dopamine hypothesis of reward: past and current status. Trends in Neurosciences , , — Stolerman I. Drugs of abuse: behavioural principles, methods and terms. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences , , — Drug addiction and drug abuse. New York, McGraw-Hill, Scott J. Substance use and misuse. Pharmaceutical practice , 3rd ed. Niaz U et al. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, , — Harvey RA et al. Philadelphia, Lippincott William and Wilkins, Byrne B. Relationships between anxiety, fear, self-esteem, and coping strategies in adolescence. Adolescence , , — Tripathi KD. Essentials of medical pharmacology. Wexler M. Adolescent drug use and psychological health: a longitudinal study. American Psychologist , , Luscher C. Drugs of abuse. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and clinical pharmacology , 10th ed. Drug abuse assessment study of Pakistan — Current issue Volume 30, number 8 August

Karachi buy cocaine