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In this video, you see a cyclist testing new aerodynamic wheels from Zipp. Swapping your wheels may seem like a small change, but can make a big difference. From his tests, the rider discovers:. First, how do you measure power? Cyclists can measure power by installing a small computer, called a power meter, that measures the input torque at the pedals or crankshaft and records the rotation angle at timed intervals. If you know the torque and angle, you can calculate the input energy. Dividing this energy by time gives you power. Second, this isn't a perfect test of aerodynamics. If you really want to examine the effect of the new wheels, you probably would have to put a bike with a dummy in a wind tunnel. When the reviewer takes his second ride, many things could have changedwind, body position, amount of sweat on the bodyand impacted performance. Let's assume the only thing that changed was the wheels. What happens when you ride a bike? If you are moving at a constant speed, then the net force on the bike-human system must be zero. In a slightly simplified view, I can draw the following force diagram:. The vertical forces gravity pulling down and the ground pushing up don't really matter here. Just forget about them and pay attention to the horizontal forces. First, let's look at the air drag. Air acts in complicated ways when an object passes through it. But who cares when we can make a simple model of air drag force? Here's an expression for the magnitude of this force:. In this model, the air force is proportional to the square of the bike's speed v. For the other terms, we have:. The second horizontal force is the frictional force. An interaction between the road and the tires propels the bike. I know what you're thinking: Doesn't the human propel the bike? In a sense, yes. But the reality is sort of complicated. The rider's power goes through the pedals and chain to the wheel, which turns. But the force comes from the tire pushing against the road. So for our energy perspective on this problem let's just say the human provides the friction force. Clearly the faster the biker goes, the more human-push will be required. But what about energy? If I have a force pushing in the same direction as the motion of the object, then the work done by the human can be calculated as:. In this expression the value of s is the distance over which the bike moves. Since the frictional force must be equal in magnitude to the air resistance force, I can write the work as:. This is the definition of average velocity. We get a power expression that doesn't depend on the distance, just the cube of the velocity. Got all that? Let's now apply it to the data from the video. Assuming that the wheel and the power was the only thing that changed, what does this say about the wheel? I will call the power required for the normal wheel P 1 and the power for the aero wheel P 2. The ratio will be:. With the two power values from the video of and watts, this puts the value of the drag coefficient for the aero wheels at 0. That seems nice. But let's see how much it would matter for mere mortals. The cyclist in the video had a speed of about 41 kph What if a more ordinary human rides at 30 kph 8. What kind of power savings would that person see? Granted, I don't know the drag coefficient nor the cross sectional area. Let me call all of this along with the density some value K. With his values for speed and power, I get a K normal wheel value of 0. For a normal human riding at 8. If I decrease the K value to 0. At this slower speed, you see a power savings of But what about the total energy used? If you look at the test in the video, the guy rode at watts for 20 minutes. This is a total energy use of 4. For the longer ride he was at a lower power of watts but for 51 minutes. This is total energy of 1. I find it interesting that humans aren't limited by total energy output as much as how quickly they use that energy. But still, he burned just a candy bar worth of energy. Which brings me back to the original question: Are these wheels worth it? Well, that clearly depends on how much value you put in both speed and in dollars. If so, these wheels or wheels like them may provide the slight edge that brings victory. If not, you might as well save that money for candy bars. Save this story Save. From his tests, the rider discovers: With conventional wheels, he can ride 20 minutes at an average speed of With the Zipp NSW aero wheels he rides 51 minutes at an average speed of Before looking at power and energy, I should go over two small details. Most Popular. By Boone Ashworth. By Matt Burgess. By Carlton Reid. By Matt Kamen. If I have a force pushing in the same direction as the motion of the object, then the work done by the human can be calculated as: In this expression the value of s is the distance over which the bike moves. Rhett Allain is an associate professor of physics at Southeastern Louisiana University. He enjoys teaching and talking about physics. Sometimes he takes things apart and can't put them back together. Contributor X. Topics Bicycles cycling Energy Power. Rob Reddick. We've been watching, and these deals are going fast. From laptops and tablets to Airpods and Echo dots, grab the best Prime Day deals before it's too late. Scott Gilbertson. The Best Portable Power Stations. Whether you are going off-grid or safeguarding against blackouts, these beefy, WIRED-tested batteries can keep the lights on. Simon Hill. These rechargeable and battery-powered models put better oral hygiene within easy reach. Medea Giordano. Eric Ravenscraft. Chris Hall. The Best Chromebooks for Every Budget. Choosing the right Chromebook for your needs can be a tough decision. We can help with our favorite picks. Daniel Thorp-Lancaster.

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April 25, April 15, Jim, Iain and group of ski and podcast fans gathered on Friday 10 April to record a live episode of The Ski Podcast online. Topics ranged from what do Jim and Iain actually do April 2, Want to more about the world of skiing? With different guests every episode, we cover all aspects of skiing and snowboarding from resorts to racing, Ski Sunday to slush. Monthly Archive: April About Us Want to more about the world of skiing? If you enjoy the podcast, you can always buy me a coffee…. Tags andermatt battleface beijing brexit cairngorm cervinia chamonix charlotte bankes chemmy alcott chill factore courchevel crans montana dave ryding eddie the eagle eurostar glencoe graham bell jasmin taylor la clusaz la plagne les 2 alpes les 3 vallees les arcs les menuires listex london ski show meribel morzine pyeongchang salomon scotland ski sunday ski touring snowboarding st anton sustainability switzerland team gb the jump tignes train travel val d'Isere val thorens verbier zermatt.

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