KHANKHUULUU
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Compsognathus (; Greek kompsos/κομψός; "elegant", "refined" or "dainty", and gnathos/γνάθος; "jaw") is a genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur. Members of its single species Compsognathus longipes could grow to around the size of a chicken. They lived about 150 million years ago, during the Tithonian age of the late Jurassic period, in what is now Europe. Paleontologists have found two well-preserved fossils, one in Germany in the 1850s and the second in France more than a century later. Today, C. longipes is the only recognized species, although the French specimen was once thought to belong to a separate species named C. corallestris. Many presentations still describe Compsognathus as "chicken-sized" dinosaurs because of the size of the German specimen, which is now believed to be a juvenile. Compsognathus longipes is one of the few dinosaur species whose diet is known with certainty: the remains of small, agile lizards are preserved in the bellies of both specimens. Teeth discovered in Portugal may be further fossil remains of the genus. Although not recognized as such at the time of its discovery, Compsognathus is the first theropod dinosaur known from a reasonably complete fossil skeleton. Until the 1990s, it was the smallest-known non-avialan dinosaur, with the preceding centuries incorrectly labelling them as the closest relative of Archaeopteryx.
In connection with: Compsognathus
Description combos: from could of named small Paleontologists be not as
Spinosaurus (; lit. 'spine lizard') is a genus of large spinosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in what now is North Africa during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, about 100 to 94 million years ago. The genus was known first from Egyptian remains discovered in 1912 and described by German palaeontologist Ernst Stromer in 1915. The original remains were destroyed in World War II, but additional material came to light in the early 21st century. It is unclear whether one or two species are represented in the fossils reported in the scientific literature. The type species S. aegyptiacus is mainly known from Egypt and Morocco. Although a potential second species, S. maroccanus, has been recovered from Morocco, this dubious species is likely a junior synonym of S. aegyptiacus. Other possible junior synonyms include Sigilmassasaurus from the Kem Kem beds in Morocco and Oxalaia from the Alcântara Formation in Brazil, though other researchers propose both genera to be distinct taxa. Spinosaurus is among the largest known terrestrial carnivores; other large carnivores comparable to Spinosaurus include theropods such as Tyrannosaurus, Giganotosaurus and the coeval Carcharodontosaurus. The most recent study suggests that S. aegyptiacus could have reached 14 m (46 ft) in length and 7.4 t (8.2 short tons) in body mass. The skull of Spinosaurus was long, low, and narrow, similar to that of a modern crocodilian, and bore straight conical teeth with no to little serrations. It would have had large, robust forelimbs bearing three-fingered hands, with an enlarged claw on the first digit. The distinctive neural spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae (or backbones), grew to at least 1.65 m (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. The hip bones of Spinosaurus were reduced, and the legs were very short in proportion to the body allegedly. Its long and narrow tail was deepened by tall, thin neural spines and elongated chevrons, forming a flexible fin or paddle-like structure. Spinosaurus is known to have eaten fish, aquatic prey and small to medium terrestrial prey as well. Evidence suggests that it was semiaquatic; how capable it was of swimming has been strongly contested. Spinosaurus's leg bones had osteosclerosis (high bone density), allowing for better buoyancy control. Multiple functions have been put forward for the dorsal sail, including thermoregulation and display; either to intimidate rivals or attract mates. It lived in a humid environment of tidal flats and mangrove forests alongside many other dinosaurs, as well as fish, crocodylomorphs, lizards, turtles, pterosaurs, and plesiosaurs.
In connection with: Spinosaurus
Description combos: stage the carnivores reported two from backbones that mass
Coelurosauria (; from Greek, meaning "hollow-tailed lizards") is the clade containing all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to carnosaurs. Coelurosauria is a subgroup of theropod dinosaurs that includes compsognathids, tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, maniraptorans, and over the recent years, megaraptorans (Although position within the clade is unclear). Maniraptora includes birds, the only known dinosaur group alive today. In the past, Coelurosauria was used to refer to all small theropods, but this classification has since been amended. Most feathered dinosaurs discovered so far have been coelurosaurs. Philip J. Currie had considered it likely and probable that all coelurosaurs were feathered. However, several skin impressions found for some members of this group show pebbly, scaly skin, indicating that feathers did not completely replace scales in all taxa.
In connection with: Coelurosauria
Description combos: theropod so taxa containing Coelurosauria that likely dinosaurs used
Torvosaurus () is a genus of large megalosaurine theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 165 to 148 million years ago during the Callovian to Tithonian ages of the late Middle and Late Jurassic period in what is now Colorado, Portugal, Germany, and possibly England, Spain, Tanzania, and Uruguay. It contains two currently recognized species, Torvosaurus tanneri and Torvosaurus gurneyi, plus a third unnamed species from Germany. In 1979, the type species Torvosaurus tanneri was named. Measuring around 9 meters (30 ft) long and weighing approximately 2–2.4 metric tons (2.2–2.6 short tons), T. tanneri was among the largest terrestrial carnivores in North America during the Late Jurassic. Specimens of Torvosaurus gurneyi were measured up to 10 meters (33 ft) in length and 4–5 metric tons (4.4–5.5 short tons) in body mass, suggesting that it was much larger than T. tanneri and was the largest terrestrial carnivore in Europe during the Late Jurassic. Based on bone morphology, Torvosaurus is thought to have had very powerful short arms.
In connection with: Torvosaurus
Description combos: tanneri metric Callovian late among the tanneri and Spain
Dornraptor (meaning "Dorset robber or thief") is an extinct genus of averostran, possibly stem tetanuran, theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic (Late Sinemurian) of Charmouth, Dorset, England. The genus contains a single species, D. normani, known from a fragmentary knee joint and femur that were initially described by Sir Richard Owen as belonging to the early armored dinosaur Scelidosaurus. Dornraptor lived in what is now England, along other theropods like Dracoraptor and Sarcosaurus. Dornraptor was described as having come from the Blue Lias Formation in 2024, although previous authors proposed a corrected locality of the Charmouth Mudstone Formation.
In connection with: Dornraptor
Description combos: joint come to possibly Formation genus Dorset Dornraptor initially
Tameryraptor ("thief from the beloved land") is an extinct genus of large carcharodontosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian age) in what is now Egypt. It is known from a partial skeleton collected in rock layers from the Bahariya Formation by crews of German paleontologist Ernst Stromer in 1914, comprising an incomplete skull, vertebrae, and several other postcranial elements. Stromer described the specimen in 1931, referring it to the previously named Megalosaurus saharicus on the basis of its tooth anatomy, and placing it in a new genus, Carcharodontosaurus. In 1944, it was destroyed in the Bombing of Munich during the Second World War. The specimen remained assigned to Carcharodontosaurus saharicus until a review of photographs of the fossil material in 2025 allowed researchers to recognize the material as belonging to a distinct taxon known from a single species, Tameryraptor markgrafi. Tameryraptor is one of many large carcharodontosaurid dinosaurs. It is the only known African carcharodontosaurids found that preserved a partial postcranial skeleton. Like its relatives, it had a large, lightly-built skull, but was distinct in that it bore a distinctive horn-like protuberance on its snout. Its vertebrae were sturdy but contain depressions where air sacs would be present. Several other gigantic theropods are known from Egypt during this period, including the spinosaurid Spinosaurus, the controversial Bahariasaurus, and unnamed large abelisaurids.
In connection with: Tameryraptor
Description combos: large to destroyed it specimen unnamed including its paleontologist
Khankhuuluu (meaning "dragon prince") is an extinct genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Bayanshiree Formation (Turonian–Santonian ages) of Mongolia. The genus contains a single species, Khankhuuluu mongoliensis, known from several skull bones and partial skeletons. It is characterized as a medium-sized tyrannosauroid with a shallow skull and slender build.
In connection with: Khankhuuluu
Description combos: shallow ages Khankhuuluu from characterized Khankhuuluu single tyrannosauroid the
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