Jonni Darko
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January 19, 2001 (Sundance)
October 26, 2001 (United States)
Donnie Darko is a 2001 American science fiction psychological thriller film written and directed by Richard Kelly and produced by Flower Films. It stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Jena Malone, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Drew Barrymore, Mary McDonnell, Katharine Ross, Patrick Swayze, Noah Wyle, Stu Stone, Daveigh Chase, and James Duval. Set in October 1988, the film follows Donnie Darko, a troubled teenager who narrowly escapes a bizarre accident and has visions of Frank, a mysterious figure in a rabbit costume who informs him that the world will end in 28 days. Frank begins to manipulate Donnie to commit several crimes.
Development began in late 1997 when Kelly had graduated from film school and started writing scripts. He took an early idea of a jet engine falling onto a house with no one knowing its origin and built the story around it. Kelly insisted on directing the film himself and struggled to secure backing from producers until 2000, when Drew Barrymore's Flower Films agreed to produce it on a $4.5 million budget. Filming took 28 days in the summer of 2000, mostly in California. The soundtrack features a cover of "Mad World" by Tears for Fears by American musicians Gary Jules and Michael Andrews, which went to No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks.[4]
The film premiered on January 19, 2001 at the Sundance Film Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release on October 26. Due to the film's advertising featuring a crashing plane and the September 11 attacks that transpired a month before, it was scarcely advertised which affected its box office performance, grossing just $7.5 million worldwide.[3] Despite this, Donnie Darko received positive reviews and was listed No. 2 in Empire's "50 Greatest Independent Films of All Time",[5] and No. 53 in Empire's "500 Greatest Movies of All Time".[6] In March 2002, the film was released on home video where it grossed over $500,000 in sales and gained a cult following.[7] Kelly released Donnie Darko: The Director's Cut in 2004.[8] The film was adapted into a stage production in 2007 and a sequel, S. Darko, followed in 2009 without Kelly's involvement. In 2021, he announced that work on a new sequel is in progress.
On October 2, 1988, in the small town of Middlesex, Virginia, intellectual but troubled teenager Donald J. "Donnie" Darko has been experiencing bouts of sleepwalking and wakes up on a road before cycling home. Later that night, led by a mysterious voice, he sleepwalks out of his home. Once outside, he meets a figure in a monstrous rabbit costume who Donnie comes to refer to as Frank who tells Donnie that the world will end in 28 days, 6 hours, 42 minutes and 12 seconds. Donnie wakes up the next morning on a local golf course and returns home to discover a jet engine has crashed into his bedroom. His older sister Elizabeth tells him the FAA investigators do not know its origin.
Over the next several days, Donnie continues to have visions of Frank. His parents, Eddie and Rose, consult with his psychiatrist, Dr. Thurman. She believes he is detached from reality and that his visions of Frank are "daylight hallucinations" due to paranoid schizophrenia. Frank begins to influence Donnie's actions through his sleepwalking episodes, including causing him to flood his high school by breaking a water main. Donnie also starts seeing Gretchen Ross, who has recently moved into town with her mother under a new identity to escape her violent stepfather. Dr. Thurman hypnotizes Donnie at his next therapy session, but it ends with him discussing his sexual fantasies involving Christina Applegate while he unzips his pants, causing Thurman to end the session prematurely. Later, Donnie goes to a clearing and shoots bottles while his friends discuss the sexual components of Smurfs. While there, Donnie has an encounter with a seemingly senile old woman, nicknamed Grandma Death by the locals, who whispers in his ear "every creature on Earth dies alone". Donnie later brings this up in one of his therapy sessions, admitting he doesn't want to be alone.
Gym teacher and Christian fundamentalist Kitty Farmer attributes the act of vandalism to the influence of the short story The Destructors, assigned by dedicated English teacher Karen Pomeroy. Kitty begins teaching "attitude lessons" taken from local motivational speaker Jim Cunningham, but Donnie rebels against these, leading to friction between Kitty and Rose who both have young daughters in the same dance troupe. Frank asks Donnie, who in turn asks his science teacher, Dr. Kenneth Monnitoff, if he believes in time travel. Monnitoff gives Donnie some information on the topic, but later cuts their sessions short out of fear of losing his job, but not before giving Donnie The Philosophy of Time Travel, a book written by a former nun called Roberta Sparrow who has since become Grandma Death. Later, while watching football, Donnie notices bubbly columns emerging from the chests of people around him that show Donnie where the person will move, matching illustrations from Sparrow's book. A bubble appears on his chest and he follows it to his parents' closet where he finds and takes a gun.
Kitty arranges for Cunningham to speak at a school assembly, where Donnie insults him while offering his own advice to other children who had voiced their fears to Cunningham. He later finds Cunningham's wallet and address. While on a date with Gretchen at the local cinema, Donnie envisions Frank with one of his eyes shot out. Frank suggests Donnie set Cunningham's house on fire, which he does. Firefighters discover a hoard of child pornography there. Cunningham is arrested, and Kitty, who wishes to testify in his defense, asks Rose to take her place as chaperone for their daughters' dance troupe on its trip to Los Angeles.
With Rose and their little sister Samantha in Los Angeles, and Eddie away for business, Donnie and Elizabeth hold a Halloween costume party to celebrate Elizabeth's acceptance to Harvard. At the party, Gretchen arrives distraught as her mother has gone missing which she assumes was caused by her stepfather, and it is implied that she and Donnie have sex for the first time. When Donnie realizes that Frank's prophesied end of the world is only hours away, he takes Gretchen and two other friends to find Sparrow. Instead, they find two high school bullies, Seth and Ricky, trying to rob Sparrow's home. Donnie, Seth, and Ricky fight in the road in front of her house, just as she returns home. Donnie's two friends and the bullies flee when an oncoming car runs over Gretchen, killing her. The driver is Elizabeth's boyfriend, Frank Anderson, wearing the same rabbit costume from Donnie's visions. Donnie shoots him in the eye with his father's stolen gun, and walks home carrying Gretchen's body.
Donnie returns home as a vortex forms over his house. He takes one of his parents' cars, loads Gretchen's body into it, and drives to a nearby ridge that overlooks town. There, he watches as the plane carrying Rose and the dance troupe home from Los Angeles gets caught in the vortex's wake, which rips off and catches one of its engines. Events of the previous 28 days rewind. Donnie wakes up in his bedroom, recognizes the date is October 2, and laughs as the jet engine falls into his bedroom, crushing him. Around town, those whose lives Donnie would have touched wake up from troubled dreams. Gretchen, who in this timeline had never met Donnie, bikes by the Darko home the next morning and learns of his death. She and Rose exchange glances and wave as if they know each other but cannot remember from where.
Jake Gyllenhaal as Donnie Darko
Holmes Osborne as Eddie Darko
Maggie Gyllenhaal as Elizabeth Darko
Daveigh Chase as Samantha Darko
Mary McDonnell as Rose Darko
James Duval as Frank Anderson
Arthur Taxier as Dr. Fisher
Patrick Swayze as Jim Cunningham
David St. James as Bob Garland
Jazzie Mahannah as Joanie James
Jolene Purdy as Cherita Chen
Stuart Stone as Ronald Fisher
Gary Lundy as Sean Smith
Alex Greenwald as Seth Devlin
Beth Grant as Kitty Farmer
Jena Malone as Gretchen Ross
Seth Rogen as Ricky Danforth
David Moreland as Principal Cole
Noah Wyle as Prof. Kenneth Monnitoff
Drew Barrymore as Karen Pomeroy
Kristina Malota as Susie Bates
Marina Malota as Emily Bates
Carly Naples as Suzy Bailey
Tiler Peck as Beth Farmer
Patience Cleveland as Roberta Sparrow ("Grandma Death")
Katharine Ross as Dr. Lillian Thurman
Lisa K. Wyatt as Linda Connie
Rachel Winfree as Shanda Riesman
Jack Salvatore Jr. as Larry Riesman
Lee Weaver as Leory
Phyllis Lyons as Anne Fisher
Ashley Tisdale as Kim
Jerry Trainor as Lanky Kid
The film originated in late 1997 when Kelly, aged 23, had graduated from USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles.[9] While earning money as a client's assistant at a post-production house, he thought about his future and decided to write his first feature-length script. The task frightened Kelly at first because he did not want to produce something that was poor in quality. It was not until October 1998 when Kelly felt the time was right to write a script and wrote Donnie Darko in 28 days, the same time period as the film.[10] The time of year influenced Kelly to set the film around Halloween.[11]
Kelly set out to write something "ambitious, personal, and nostalgic" about the 1980s which "pushed the envelope by combining science fiction with a coming-of-age tale."[12][9] Kelly summarised the script was to be "an amusing and poignant recollection of suburban America in the Reagan era."[13] He recalled a news story that he had read as a child, which he later called an urban legend,[14] about a large piece of ice falling from the wing of a plane and crashing through a boy's bedroom, who was not there at the time and thus escaped death.[13] Kelly used this to develop an initial idea of a jet engine falling onto a house and no one could determine its origin and built the rest of the script from there.[9] At one point Kelly considered replacing the jet engine with a piece of ice, like he had read.[15] Kelly was adamant to set the film in 1988, thinking it would be fresh to explore the era and depict a society that he had not seen in a film before.[10] Later he admitted that he felt pressured to make the setting more contemporary. However, he could not figure out how to make the story work in such a setting and retained the original setting.[16] The first draft had Donnie originally wake up at a shopping mall, rather than a golf course.[14] Kelly got ideas for Donnie's experiences of paranoid schizophrenia from researching the topic online. He considered such a broad disorder that is difficult to define was "a great way to ground a supernatural story" in a scientific sense.[17] The first draft was around 145 pages. Upon reading it, producer Sean McKittrick recalled he "had never read anything like this before" and helped refine the script while making the story understandable enough.[15]
There are some autobiographical links with Kelly and the film; he said there is "plenty of me" in Donnie's character. Kelly grew up in Midlothian, Virginia, also a suburban town, where a local woman named Grandma Death would stand by the road and constantly open and close her mailbox. Kelly also incorporated the moment he almost ran over a homeless person while driving, arguments with his school teachers over the curriculum, and his personal experiences with sleepwalking into the narrative.[18] Kelly had Frank as a rabbit from the beginning, but he was unsure whether the character originated from a dream or his longtime interest in the animal novel Watership Down by Richard Adams.[19] The novel was to be taught in Karen's English class after the school had censored Graham Greene from her curriculum, but it was a subplot that was abandoned in the theatrical version, but included in the director's cut.[19][20]
Kelly knew that the film's complicated story would be difficult to pitch to producers without a script, so he had producers read it before discussing it with them further.[12] While pitching the script Kelly and McKittrick insisted that Kelly direct the film, which affected its chances at being picked up.[15] McKittrick said Donnie Darko was "the challenging script in town that everybody wanted to make, but was too afraid".[9] Kelly recalled 1999 being a year of "meeting after meeting", only to be rejected[9] and declared the film "dead" at this point.[9]
Development progressed when agents at the Creative Artists Agency took an interest in the script and signed Kelly on.[15] This led to further meetings with several prominent individuals, including Francis Ford Coppola, Ben Stiller, William Horberg, and Betty Thomas.[15] Kelly's meeting with Coppola was particularly influential, as Coppola drew his attention to one of Karen's lines after she is fired – "The kids have to figure it all out these days, because the parents, they don’t have a clue" – and Kelly recalled: "He slid the binder down the big table and very dramatically said: 'That's what your whole movie's about right there.'"[11] The film progressed further in 2000 when actor Jason Schwartzman had read the script and wished to play as Donnie.[9][11][21] Kelly said this moment "legitimized me as a director", which led to Barrymore accepting the part as Karen, having considered the script "so extraordinary." Barrymore had formed the production company Flower Films with Nancy Juvonen, and arranged a meeting with Kelly in March 2000 on the set of Charlie's Angels (2000).[22] Barrymore and Juvonen suggested that Flower Films fund its production; Kelly accepted and the film received a $4.5 million budget.[15][12][23] Kelly later called the sum the "bare minimum" to make the film.[14]
After securing financial backing, pre-production accelerated and filming was booked for the summer of 2000 and scheduled to accommodate Barrymore, who had one week's availability.[15] However, by July, Schwartzman had withdrawn due to scheduling conflicts. This led to an "exciting" period for Kelly who met several hopefuls, including Patrick Fugit and Lucas Black.[22][15] Gyllenhaal, who was in Los Angeles auditioning for parts, was "mesmerised" by the script and recalled pulling over the side of the road to finish reading it.[13] Filming was scheduled to start in one month, during which Kelly worked with Gyllenhaal to amend parts of his dialogue. Gyllenhaal was given "a lot of room" to incorporate his own ideas, including making his voice sound like "a child talking to its blanket" when he talks to Frank as he is a source of comfort for Donnie.[9] Gyllenhaal also had the idea to have his real life sister Maggie start as Elizabeth Darko.[13] Jolene Purdy's audition for Cherita was the first of her career.[15] Kelly credits Juvonen for being instrumental for getting Wyle and Swayze on board.[15]
Kelly recalled several people showing him drawings of what they thought Frank should look like, describing them like an Easter bunny. He wanted Frank to be "disturbing and animalistic."[15] He produced initial sketches of Frank's face and presented them to production designer Alex Hammond, who then made front and side drawings of the mask and sketches of the full suit.[15] The design was given to costume designer April Ferry who built a fur suit from scratch and hired a sculptor to create Frank's altered grin. Kelly insisted that Frank's face had to disturb people and create an intense response with the audience. The costume was first presented to the cast and crew at Loyola High School, shortly after filming began. Although Duval wore the suit for almost every scene, a director stepped in for the initial shoot. Kelly recalled, "Everyone just got quiet [...] like, this is really intense. So I knew it was working, and I felt the sense of relief."[15][19]
Cinematographer Steven Poster agreed to be involved in the film after his initial meeting with Kelly, which saw the pair dissecting the script. Poster said "We read every word, every sentence, every page, every scene in the movie. I made him justify to me why he wanted that in the movie. I wanted him to be able to tell me what each scene was going to tell the audience."[24] Despite the task creating arguments, the two knew what was needed to make the film when they finished.[24]
Filming took place across 28 days, the same length of time as the film's events, in July and August 2000.[2] Most of the film was shot in Long Beach, California. The golf course scenes were filmed at Virginia Country Club and the school scenes were shot at Loyola High School. The "Carpathian Ridge" scenes were shot on the Angeles Crest Highway.[25] Kelly lost 20 lbs from the stress of filming to a tight schedule, plus the pressure of justifying himself to others that he could direct the film.[13] Hammond bought the jet engine for $10,000. The scene where it falls onto Donnie's bedroom was done in one shot. The shell of it was rigged above the set and sent through using an air pressure gun.[15] Poster remembered people telling Kelly that jet engines do not fall off planes, but during production in August 2000, a "dishwasher-sized engine part" fell from the engine of a Boeing 747 and landed on a beach.[15] Swayze frosted his hair specifically for his part and the infomercial clips were filmed at his ranch.[14]
The film was shot with a Panavision Panastar camera[24] and in anamorphic format, which involves filming in widescreen onto standard 35 mm film. Despite its setbacks and the need to have twice as much light, Kelly was adamant.[15] Poster suggested using Kodak 800 ASA film stock, which people said looked "terrible and grainy", but he convinced the producers that anamorphic would reduce the amount of work with low ceiling lights that were common in the locations used for filming as they would be cut from the shot.[24] The anamorphic process required Swayze to kneel down for some scenes so he could fit in the image.[24] Kelly's goal was to "seduce the audience" from the film's opening shot.[18] Kelly was attentive to details and spoke to his transportation coordinator to ensure all cars in the film were era-specific. He wanted to avoid going "too kitsch" with the style and costumes and retain a conservative style of the Virginia suburb.[10] The long shots at the school with "Head Over Heels" playing angered the production and line managers at first, who thought it was "an indulgent music video" that lacked dialogue and did nothing to advance the story. Upon viewing the finished sequence, they had changed their minds. Kelly choreographed the scene's action to the song before the rights to use it had been acquired.[13] Sparkle Motion's performance scene was one of the more difficult shots for Poster, who used smoke to give the appearance that light is there and to achieve silhouettes of the girls on stage.[24]
The film's soundtrack was composed by San Diego musician and songwriter Michael Andrews. Kelly knew that the film's limited budget prevented him from hiring "Thomas Newman or Danny Elfman" to compose the soundtrack, so he looked for someone "young and hungry, and really talented."[14] Andrews was recommended by Juvonen's brother, Jim.[14]
The film's opening sequence is set to "The Killing Moon" by Echo & the Bunnymen. The continuous shot of introduction of Donnie's high school prominently features the song "Head over Heels" by Tears for Fears. Samantha's dance group "Sparkle Motion" performs to "Notorious" by Duran Duran. "Under the Milky Way" by The Church is played after Donnie and Gretchen emerge from his bedroom during the party. "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division also appears in the film diegetically during the party and shots of Donnie and Gretchen upstairs. Despite the film being set in 1988, the version played was not released until 199
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