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These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Cocaine is, after cannabis, the second most commonly used illicit drug in Europe, although prevalence levels and patterns of use differ considerably between countries. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for cocaine in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more. European Drug Report — home. The drug situation in Europe up to Drug supply, production and precursors. Synthetic stimulants. Heroin and other opioids. New psychoactive substances. Other drugs. Injecting drug use in Europe. Drug-related infectious diseases. Drug-induced deaths. Opioid agonist treatment. Harm reduction. Cocaine is, after cannabis, the second most commonly used illicit drug in Europe, although prevalence levels and patterns of use differ considerably between countries see the Prevalence of cocaine use in Europe dashboard, below. Cocaine is usually available in two forms in Europe. The most common is cocaine powder the salt form and less commonly available is crack cocaine , a freebase form of the drug that can be smoked. Cocaine is produced from the coca plant, grown in South America. Cocaine trafficking by this route is also associated with rising in levels of drug-related crime, including the corruption of staff along supply chains, intimidation and violence. More generally, there are concerns that in some EU countries competition within the cocaine market, both at the wholesale and retail level, is now an important driver of drug-related crime including gang-related violence and homicides. A record tonnes of cocaine was seized by EU Member States in Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain continue to be the countries reporting the highest volumes of seizures, reflecting the importance of these countries as entry points for cocaine trafficking to Europe. As interdiction measures have been scaled up at major known entry points for this drug, it appears that cocaine trafficking groups are also now increasingly targeting smaller ports in other EU countries and countries bordering the European Union, which may be more vulnerable to drug trafficking activities. This may help explain the fact that despite the large seizures, cocaine purity at the retail level remains high by historical standards and its price is stable. Additionally, there is now a well-established secondary cocaine production industry in Europe, with 34 cocaine laboratories dismantled in , an increase on the previous year. These include large-scale secondary extraction and cocaine hydrochloride manufacturing sites and an additional 14 cutting and packaging locations. The existence of these laboratories is indicative of innovation in trafficking practices where cocaine may be incorporated with other materials creating significant challenges for its detection in commercial shipments. The historically high seizures of cocaine are an indicator of its widespread availability and raise concerns that this could potentially contribute to increasing levels of consumption and associated harms. Cocaine is the second most frequently reported drug, both by first-time treatment entrants and in the available data on acute drug toxicity presentations to sentinel hospital emergency departments. European drug checking services, although not nationally representative, reported that cocaine was the most common substance they screened in The available data also suggest that the drug was involved in about a fifth of overdose deaths in While not representative of the general population, the detection of cocaine residues in wastewater analysis increased in 37 out of 65 cities with data for both and Increased availability also appears to be associated with some signs of a possible diffusion of cocaine use into more marginalised groups, with cocaine injection and the use of crack cocaine reported in some countries. An estimated 7 clients received treatment for crack cocaine use in , and this figure appears to be increasing. Stimulants, such as cocaine, are associated with a higher frequency of injection and have been involved in localised HIV outbreaks among people who inject drugs in some parts of Europe over the last decade. Treating people with different patterns of cocaine use is challenging, whether they are clients that are more socially integrated and involved in casual or episodic use of powder cocaine or more marginalised groups injecting the drug or smoking crack cocaine. Although our understanding of what constitutes effective treatment for stimulant problems is growing, it remains relatively limited. The current evidence available is indicative of the use of psychosocial interventions, including cognitive behavioural therapy and contingency management. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to strongly support any pharmacological treatment, although some potentially useful new pharmacotherapies are in development. Treating cocaine problems among more marginalised groups is often particularly challenging, as clients may also be experiencing problems with a range of other drugs, including opioids or alcohol. For injecting cocaine and smoking crack, existing harm reduction responses, to a large extent those originally developed for opioid problems, still require both further development and scaling-up. This data explorer enables you to view our data on the prevalence of cocaine use by recall period and age range. You can access data by country by clicking on the map or selecting a country from the dropdown menu. Prevalence data presented here are based on general population surveys submitted to the EMCDDA by national focal points. For the latest data and detailed methodological information please see the Statistical Bulletin Prevalence of drug use. Graphics showing the most recent data for a country are based on studies carried out between and Mean daily amounts of benzoylecgonine in milligrams per population. Sampling was carried out over a week in March and April Data are for all treatment entrants with cocaine as the primary drug — or the most recent year available. Trends in first-time entrants are based on 25 countries. Only countries with data for at least 5 of the 6 years are included in the trends analysis. Missing values are interpolated from adjacent years. Because of disruptions to services due to COVID, data for and should be interpreted with caution. Missing data were imputed with values from the previous year for Spain and France and Germany Price and purity: mean national values — minimum, maximum and interquartile range. Countries vary by indicator. Show source tables. Back to list of tables. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. This make take up to a minute. Once the PDF is ready it will appear in this tab. Sorry, the download of the PDF failed. A more recent version of this page exists: Cocaine — the current situation in Europe European Drug Report Table of contents Search within the book. Search within the book Operator Any match. Exact term match only. Prevalence and patterns of cocaine use In the European Union, surveys indicate that almost 2. Of the 11 European countries that have conducted surveys since and provided confidence intervals, 5 reported higher estimates than their previous comparable survey, 5 reported a stable trend and 1 a lower estimate. Prevalence of cocaine use in Europe This data explorer enables you to view our data on the prevalence of cocaine use by recall period and age range. The latest European data reveal a time lag of 10 years between first cocaine use, on average at the age of 23, and first treatment for cocaine-related problems, on average at the age of Users entering treatment for cocaine in Europe. Where recorded, most presentations were associated with co-ingestion of alcohol. Among those using the drug, the combined use of cocaine and alcohol is common. The presence of the two substances in the body leads to the formation of cocaethylene in the liver. This increases the potential for adverse health effects, including agitation, psychosis, tachycardia rapid heartbeat , hypertension high blood pressure , arrhythmia abnormal heart rhythm , chest pain due to acute coronary syndrome and stroke. Chronic cocaine use has been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy deterioration in heart muscle function and stroke. Beyond the risks associated with acute toxicity, cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant that can lead to tolerance and dependence. Use of the drug is also associated with an increased risk of death. A recent review of mortality among people with regular or problematic cocaine use found that the risk of death by suicide, accidental injury, homicide and AIDS-related mortality were all elevated compared with age and sex peers in the general population. Among 20 European countries providing data for both years, cocaine, mostly in the presence of opioids, was involved in The currently available number of deaths with cocaine involved in is an underestimate. In Germany, provisional analysis of the data for suggests that at least one in five drug-induced deaths may involve cocaine, which would add around fatalities to the provisional number for There are major limitations in the German data, and this number should be interpreted with caution. Recent data are also missing for some countries, including Spain where cases were reported in and France cases reported in This limits the insights on recent developments at a European level. Data from drug consumption rooms in in Lisbon and Porto, Portugal, indicated that crack cocaine, either alone or with heroin, accounted for a significant proportion of the drug consumption episodes facilitated. In both services, half of all crack cocaine consumptions involved smoking and the other half involved injecting crack, alone or with heroin. In Paris, only a small proportion of the facilitated episodes in drug consumption rooms, which only allow injecting and not smoking, involved crack cocaine alone or with another drug, mostly morphine or methadone. No crack cocaine use was reported by drug consumption rooms in Barcelona, Athens or Bergen in A analysis of municipal wastewater in 13 European cities, by the EU-funded EUSEME project , found crack residues in all cities on all sampling days, with the highest loads reported in Amsterdam and Antwerp. Cocaine market data In , EU Member States reported 68 seizures of cocaine amounting to a historically high tonnes up from tonnes in Spain reported dismantling 16 cocaine laboratories, Belgium reported 11 sites related to cocaine processing and the Netherlands dismantled 7 cocaine secondary extraction laboratories some of which were large-scale sites. An additional 14 cutting or packaging sites were discovered in the Netherlands. Large seizures of the precursor chemical potassium permanganate were reported by the Netherlands kilograms and Belgium kilograms. After cannabis, cocaine was the second most frequently cited drug in offences related to use or possession. Cocaine market in Europe. List of tables Table 1. Cocaine metabolites benzoylecgonine in wastewater in selected European cities: most recent data Table 4. Percentages except where otherwise stated. Table 5. Trends in first-time cannabis treatment entrants Table 6. Markets seizures source data Table 7. Trends in the number of cocaine seizures x Table 8. Trends in the quantities of cocaine seizures and quantity of illicit drugs seized tonnes Table 9. Price, potency data Table Table 2. Prevalence of drug use in Europe, trends Country Country code Geographical scope Substance Recall period Age Austria AT National Table 3. Masaryk Water Resesrch institute, p. Table 4. Trends in first-time cannabis treatment entrants Country Germany Spain Italy France Other countries Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table Main subject. Target audience. Publication type. European Drug Report main page. On this page. Forensic Toxicology Labs.

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