Jean Kelli
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Dancer singer actor filmmaker choreographer comedian
^ RTÉ Publishing. "Gene Kelly was proud of Irish roots – RTÉ Ten" . Archived from the original on 2014-07-29 . Retrieved 2014-10-27 .
^ DiLeo, John (2002). 100 Great Film Performances You Should Remember, But Probably Don't . Limelight Editions. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-87910-972-1 .
^ "100 Greatest Film Musicals" . Retrieved 2016-04-08 .
^ "The Best Movie Musicals of All Time" . Archived from the original on 2016-02-21 . Retrieved 2016-04-08 .
^ "The Top 100 Greatest Movie Musicals of All Time" . Archived from the original on 2016-02-06 . Retrieved 2016-04-08 .
^ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners" . oscars.org . Retrieved April 8, 2016 .
^ "Hello, Dolly!" . Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times . Retrieved April 8, 2016 . [ dead link ]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Billman, Larry (1997). Film Choreographers and Dance Directors . North Carolina: McFarland and Company. pp. 374–376. ISBN 0-89950-868-5 .
^ "Heritage Gazette Vol.12 no.1: Entertainment and Recreation (May 2007)" . content.yudu.com . Retrieved 2014-10-27 .
^ Hirschhorn, C. (1975). Gene Kelly: A Biography . Regnery. ISBN 9780809282609 . Retrieved 2014-10-27 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Thomas, Tony (1991). The Films of Gene Kelly – Song and Dance Man . New York, NY: Carol Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8065-0543-5 .
^ "On Stage: Kate Hepburn, Richard Rauh and old Nixon" . old.post-gazette.com . Retrieved 2014-10-27 .
^ "St Raphael Elementary School" . straphaelelementaryschool.net. Archived from the original on 2014-10-08 . Retrieved 2014-10-27 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Hirschhorn, Clive (1984). Gene Kelly – a Biography . London: W.H. Allen. ISBN 0-491-03182-3 .
^ The Owl . Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh. 1933. p. 158. Archived from the original on 2012-09-22 . Retrieved 2010-06-09 .
^ The Owl . Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh. 1938. p. 198. Archived from the original on 2012-09-22 . Retrieved 2010-06-09 .
^ cf. Hirschhorn, p. 33.
^ 1940 US Census via Ancestry.com
^ Weinraub, Bernard (February 8, 1996). "The Man Who Helped Kelly Put His Best Foot Forward" . The New York Times . Retrieved 31 October 2019 .
^ Hess, Earl J.; Dabholkar, Pratibha A. (2009). Singin' in the Rain: The Making of an American Masterpiece . Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p. 33 . ISBN 978-0-7006-1656-5 .
^ Farber, Manny, The New Republic , May 15, 1944, as reprinted in Farber on Film , Library of America, 2009, p. 163
^ According to Blair, p. 111, he directed Jocelyn Brando in a semidocumentary about war-wounded veterans.
^ Farber, Manny (April 27, 1945) The New Republic , republished in Farber on Film (2009) Library of America. p. 255
^ Astaire, Fred (1959). Steps in Time . London: Heinemann. p. 291. ISBN 0-241-11749-6 .
^ Blair, p. 104: "Gene was the central creative force in this initial collaboration, but he was always generous about Stanley's contribution ... Unfortunately, and mysteriously for me, Stanley, over the years, had been less than gracious about Gene."
^ In 1994, Kurt Browning offered an ice-skating interpretation of Singin' in the Rain on his television special You Must Remember This . In 2005, Kelly's widow gave permission for Volkswagen to use his likeness to promote the Golf GTi car. The advertisement, shown only outside the US, used CGI to mix footage of Gene Kelly, from Singin' in the Rain , with footage of professional breakdancer David Elsewhere .
^ In an episode foreshadowing his later conflicts with the studio, Elia Kazan in the late 1940s offered Kelly the role of Biff in Death of a Salesman on Broadway, but MGM refused to release him. cf. Blair, p. 112
^ Eyman, Scott (27 February 2015). "Book Review: 'The Sound of Music Story' by Tom Santopietro – WSJ" . Wall Street Journal . wsj.com . Retrieved 2015-05-18 .
^ "Woody Allen On Gene Kelly 1966 TV Special" . Woody Allen pages . 10 August 2014 . Retrieved April 2, 2020 .
^ "Gene Kelly on Television" . UCLA.edu . Retrieved April 2, 2020 .
^ "Gene Kelly Television" . UCLA.edu . Retrieved April 2, 2020 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Delamater, Jerome (2004). "Gene Kelly". International Encyclopedia of Dance . vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 38–40. |volume= has extra text ( help )
^ cf. Hirschhorn, pp. 25, 26: "What impressed Gene was the originality of the man's [Dotson's] dancing, as it was quite unlike anything he had seen before. The tricks Dotson was doing were absolutely fresh. He went back to see that act a few times and admitted pinching several steps for his own use ... Just as he had done with Dotson, Gene made up his mind to 'steal' as much as he could from numerous touring shows ... both Fred and he were absolutely shameless when it came to pilfering, and very good at it."
^ Hattenstone, Simon (2021-06-21). " ' I am very shy. It's amazing I became a movie star': Leslie Caron at 90 on love, art and addiction" . The Guardian . Retrieved 2021-06-22 .
^ Blair, p. 176
^ "Marriage Ends For Gene Kelly, Actress Wife" . Palm Beach Post . 1957-04-04. p. 10 . Retrieved 2012-12-07 .
^ "Married to Gene Kelly: 'He didn't seem that old to me ' " . Irish Times .
^ Krebs, Albin (1996-02-03). "Gene Kelly, Dancer of Vigor and Grace, Dies" . New York Times . p. 5 . Retrieved 2012-12-07 .
^ Jump up to: a b Blair, Betsy (2004). The Memory of All That . London: Elliott & Thompson. ISBN 1-904027-30-X .
^ "Our History | Church of the Good Shepherd" . goodshepherdbh.org . Retrieved 2015-05-18 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Gene Kelly: cultural icon" . Catholic New Times . 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19.
^ Yudkoff, Alvin Gene Kelly: A Life of Dance and Dreams , Watson-Guptill Publications: New York, NY (1999) pp. 42, 59
^ Marshall, Kelli (2014-02-01). "20 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Gene Kelly" .
^ Kelly, Patricia Ward (April 21, 2013). "My Genealogy" . The Irish Independent . Retrieved 2 February 2016 .
^ "Oscar-winning actor Gene Kelly's mansion was destroyed early Thursday" . United Press International . December 22, 1983 . Retrieved 28 December 2020 .
^ Rosen, Jody (25 June 2019). "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire" . The New York Times . Retrieved 28 June 2019 .
^ cf. Blair, p. 8
^ "6th Berlin International Film Festival: Prize Winners" . berlinale.de . Retrieved 2009-12-26 .
^ "National Medal of Arts" . www.nea.gov . National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21 . Retrieved 2011-05-23 . 1994-Gene Kelly – dancer, singer, actor. One website, Movie Treasures Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine , refers to this award as the "National Medal of Freedom" causing some people to mistake the award for the entirely unrelated "Presidential Medal of Freedom." The award Gene Kelly received was the National Medal of the Arts. Kelly's name does not appear on the list of Presidential Medal of Freedom Winners .
^ Warga, Wayne. "Gene Kelly ready once more to put on his dancing shoes," The Boston Globes 23 May 1974.
^ Blackstone Audio "Suspense" vol. 2 issued 2015
^ "Gene Kelly Joins Hollywood Players in "Glass Key " " . Harrisburg Telegraph. November 23, 1946. p. 19 . Retrieved September 12, 2015 – via Newspapers.com .
^ "Suspense – To Find Help" Escape and Suspense . To Find Help starring Gene Kelly, Ethel Barrymore and William Conrad , aired on January 6, 1949. It was adapted from Mel Dinelli 's stage play The Man and from the film Beware, My Lovely (1952) starring Ida Lupino and Robert Ryan .
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Eugene Curran Kelly (August 23, 1912 – February 2, 1996) was an American actor, dancer, singer, filmmaker, and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his good looks, and the likable characters that he played on screen. He starred in, choreographed, or co-directed some of the most well-regarded musical films of the 1940s and 1950s, until they fell out of fashion in the late 1950s.
Kelly is best known today for his performances in films such as Cover Girl (1944), Anchors Aweigh (1945), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor , On the Town (1949), which was his directorial debut, An American in Paris (1951), Singin' in the Rain (1952), Brigadoon (1954), and It's Always Fair Weather (1955). Kelly made his film debut with Judy Garland in For Me and My Gal (1942), and followed by Du Barry Was a Lady (1943), Thousands Cheer (1943), The Pirate (1948), Summer Stock (1950), and Les Girls (1957) among others. After musicals he starred in two films outside the musical genre: Inherit the Wind (1960) and What a Way to Go! (1964). [2] In 1967, he appeared in French director Jacques Demy 's musical comedy The Young Girls of Rochefort opposite Catherine Deneuve . Kelly solo directed the comedy A Guide for the Married Man (1967) starring Walter Matthau , and later the extravagant musical Hello, Dolly! (1969) starring Barbra Streisand , [3] [4] [5] recognized with an Oscar nomination for Best Picture . [6] [7] Kelly co-hosted and appeared in Ziegfeld Follies (1946), That's Entertainment! (1974), That's Entertainment, Part II (1976), That's Dancing! (1985), and That's Entertainment, Part III (1994).
His many innovations transformed the Hollywood musical, and he is credited with almost single-handedly making the ballet form commercially acceptable to film audiences. [8] Kelly received an Academy Honorary Award in 1952 for his career achievements; the same year, An American in Paris won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture. He later received lifetime achievement awards in the Kennedy Center Honors (1982) and from the Screen Actors Guild and American Film Institute . In 1999, the American Film Institute also ranked him as the 15th greatest male screen legend of Classic Hollywood Cinema .
Kelly was born in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh . He was the third son of James Patrick Joseph Kelly, a phonograph salesman, and his wife, Harriet Catherine Curran. [9] His father was born in Peterborough , Ontario , Canada, to an Irish Canadian family. His maternal grandfather was an immigrant from Derry , Ireland, and his maternal grandmother was of German ancestry. [10] When he was eight, Kelly's mother enrolled him and his brother James in dance classes. As Kelly recalled, they both rebelled: "We didn't like it much and were continually involved in fistfights with the neighborhood boys who called us sissies ... I didn't dance again until I was 15." [11] At one time, his childhood dream was to play shortstop for the hometown Pittsburgh Pirates . [12]
By the time he decided to dance, he was an accomplished sportsman and able to defend himself. He attended St. Raphael Elementary School [13] in the Morningside neighborhood of Pittsburgh and graduated from Peabody High School at age 16. He entered the Pennsylvania State College as a journalism major, but after the 1929 crash , he left school and found work in order to help his family financially. He created dance routines with his younger brother Fred to earn prize money in local talent contests. They also performed in local nightclubs. [11]
In 1931, Kelly enrolled at the University of Pittsburgh to study economics, joining the Theta Kappa Phi fraternity (later known as Phi Kappa Theta after merging with Phi Kappa). [14] He became involved in the university's Cap and Gown Club , which staged original musical productions. [15] After graduating in 1933, he continued to be active with the Cap and Gown Club, serving as the director from 1934 to 1938. Kelly was admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Law School . [16]
His family opened a dance studio in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh. In 1932, they renamed it the Gene Kelly Studio of the Dance and opened a second location in Johnstown, Pennsylvania , in 1933. Kelly served as a teacher at the studio during his undergraduate and law-student years at Pitt. In 1931, he was approached by the Beth Shalom Synagogue in Pittsburgh to teach dance, and to stage the annual Kermesse . The venture proved a success, Kelly being retained for seven years until his departure for New York. [17]
Kelly eventually decided to pursue a career as a dance teacher and full-time entertainer, so he dropped out of law school after two months. He increased his focus on performing and later said: "With time I became disenchanted with teaching because the ratio of girls to boys was more than ten to one, and once the girls reached 16, the dropout rate was very high." [11] In 1937, having successfully managed and developed the family's dance-school business, he finally did move to New York City in search of work as a choreographer. [11] Kelly returned to Pittsburgh, to his family home at 7514 Kensington Street, by 1940, and worked as a theatrical actor. [18]
After a fruitless search for work in New York, Kelly returned to Pittsburgh to his first position as a choreographer with the Charles Gaynor musical revue Hold Your Hats at the Pittsburgh Playhouse in April 1938. Kelly appeared in six of the sketches, one of which, La cumparsita , became the basis of an extended Spanish number in the film Anchors Aweigh eight years later.
His first Broadway assignment, in November 1938, was as a dancer in Cole Porter 's Leave It to Me! —as the American ambassador's secretary who supports Mary Martin while she sings " My Heart Belongs to Daddy ". He had been hired by Robert Alton , who had staged a show at the Pittsburgh Playhouse where he was impressed by Kelly's teaching skills. When Alton moved on to choreograph the musical One for the Money , he hired Kelly to act, sing, and dance in eight routines. In 1939, he was selected for a musical revue, One for the Money , produced by the actress Katharine Cornell , who was known for finding and hiring talented young actors.
Kelly's first big breakthrough was in the Pulitzer Prize –winning The Time of Your Life , which opened on October 25, 1939—in which, for the first time on Broadway, he danced to his own choreography. In the same year, he received his first assignment as a Broadway choreographer, for Billy Rose 's Diamond Horseshoe . He began dating a cast member, Betsy Blair , and they got married on October 16, 1941.
In 1940, he got the lead role in Rodgers and Hart 's Pal Joey , again choreographed by Robert Alton. This role propelled him to stardom. During its run, he told reporters: "I don't believe in conformity to any school of dancing. I create what the drama and the music demand. While I am a hundred percent for ballet technique, I use only what I can adapt to my own use. I never let technique get in the way of mood or continuity." [11] His colleagues at this time noticed his great commitment to rehearsal and hard work. Van Johnson —who also appeared in Pal Joey —recalled: "I watched him rehearsing, and it seemed to me that there was no possible room for improvement. Yet he wasn't satisfied. It was midnight and we had been rehearsing since 8 in the morning. I was making my way sleepily down the long flight of stairs when I heard staccato steps coming from the stage ... I could see just a single lamp burning. Under it, a figure was dancing ... Gene." [11]
Offers from Hollywood began to arrive, but Kelly was in no hurry to leave New York. Eventually, he signed with David O. Selznick , agreeing to go to Hollywood at the end of his commitment to Pal Joey , in October 1941. Prior to his contract, he also managed to fit in choreographing the stage production of Best Foot Forward . [19]
Selznick sold half of Kelly's contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for his first motion picture: For Me and My Gal (1942) starring Judy Garland . Kelly said he was "appalled at the sight of myself blown up 20 times. I had an awful feeling that I was a tremendous flop." For Me and My Gal performed very well, and in the face of much internal resistance, Arthur Freed of MGM picked up the other half of Kelly's contract. [11] After appearing in a B movie drama, Pilot No. 5 (1943) and in Christmas Holiday (1944), he took the male lead in Cole Porter's Du Barry Was a Lady (1943) with Lucille Ball (in a part originally intended for Ann Sothern ). His first opportunity to dance to his own choreography came in his next picture, Thousands Cheer (1943), where he performed a mock-love dance with a mop. Unusually, in Pilot No. 5 , Kelly played the antagonist .
He achieved a significant breakthrough as a dancer on film when MGM lent him to Columbia to work with Rita Hayworth in Cover Girl (1944), a film that foreshadowed the best of his future work. [20] He created a memorable routine dancing to his own reflection. Despite this, critic Manny Farber was moved to praise Kelly's "attitude", "clarity", and "feeling" as an actor while inauspiciously concluding, "The two things he does least well—singing and dancing—are what he is given most consistently to do." [21] At the end of 1944, Kelly enlisted in the U.S. Naval Air Service and was commissioned as lieutenant, junior grade . He was stationed in the Photographic Section, Washington D.C., where he was involved in writing and directing a range of documentaries, and this stimulated his interest in the production side of filmmaking. [14] [22]
In Kelly's next film, Anchors Aweigh (1945), MGM gave him a free hand to devise a range of dance routines, including his duets with co-star Frank Sinatra and the celebrated animated dance with Jerry Mouse —the animation for which was supervised by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera . That iconic performance was enough for Farber to completely reverse his previous assessment of Kelly's skills. Reviewing the film, Farber enthused, "Kelly is the most exciting dancer to appear in Hollywood movies." [23] Anchors Aweigh became one of the most successful films of 1945 and Kelly was nominated for the
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