Japon+18

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Japon+18
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

^ Jump up to: a b Williams and Nakagawa 2006, p. 63.

^ Jump up to: a b c Wendel, Marcus. "18 Army (Japan)" . Axis History Factbook . Retrieved May 26, 2012 .

^ Gillison 1962, p. 695.

^ Jump up to: a b c Williams and Nakagawa 2006, p. 59.

^ Johnston 2008, p. 234.


The Japanese 18th Army ( 第18軍 , Dai-jyūhachi gun ) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II .

The Japanese 18th Army was formed on November 9, 1942, [2] under the Japanese Eighth Area Army of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group for the specific task of opposing landings by Allied forces in Japanese-occupied New Guinea . [ citation needed ] Upon establishment, it was made up of three divisions: the 20th , which had been raised from men from Kyushu , and the 41st and 51st Divisions formed from the Kantō region . [1]

Both the 20th and 41st Divisions arrived in New Guinea safely. However, the 51st Division, including the army's commander, Hatazō Adachi , and his senior staff, came under Allied air attack while en route from their supply base at Rabaul to Lae , in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea . All eight transport ships and four destroyers were sunk [3] with the loss of 3,664 men, and only 2,427 men of the division were rescued. [ citation needed ]

Operation Cartwheel , an Allied master plan implemented from mid-1943, progressively severed the supply lines between Rabaul and frontline Japanese forces. Key defeats included the withdrawal of the Imperial Japanese Navy from the Solomon Islands campaign , followed by landings on New Britain , as well as Aitape and Hollandia , in April 1944.

Adachi's forces were badly affected by tropical diseases including malaria , heat exhaustion and malnutrition for the remainder of the war, [4] despite Adachi's efforts to achieve some form of self-sufficiency by planting crops and giving priority in rations to the sick. As ammunition began to run low, many of Japanese field commanders resorted to banzai charges , rather than surrender.

By the end of the war in September 1945, most of his forces had been annihilated. Of Adachi's original 140,000 men, [ citation needed ] barely 13,000 were still alive when the war ended. [4] The remnants of the Japanese 18th Army surrendered to the Australian 6th Division at Cape Wom , by Wewak , New Guinea. [5] They were held on Mushu Island before being returned to Japan. [4]


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Nippon" redirects here. For other uses, see Japan (disambiguation) and Nippon (disambiguation) .
日本国 ( Japanese ) Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku
Territory controlled by Japan in dark green; territory claimed but not controlled shown in light green
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Japanese history .
Ritsurin Garden , one of the most famous strolling gardens in Japan

^ [ɲippoꜜɴ] ( listen ) or [ɲihoꜜɴ] ( listen )

^ In English, the official name of the country is simply "Japan". [8] In Japanese, the name of the country as it appears on official documents, including the country's constitution , is 日本国 ( Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku ), meaning "State of Japan". Despite this, the short-form name 日本 ( Nippon or Nihon ) is also often used officially.



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