Japon Ponr

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Japon Ponr
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Nippon" redirects here. For other uses, see Japan (disambiguation) and Nippon (disambiguation) .
日本国 ( Japanese ) Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku
Territory controlled by Japan in dark green; territory claimed but not controlled shown in light green
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Japanese history .
Ritsurin Garden , one of the most famous strolling gardens in Japan

^ [ɲippoꜜɴ] ( listen ) or [ɲihoꜜɴ] ( listen )

^ In English, the official name of the country is simply "Japan". [8] In Japanese, the name of the country as it appears on official documents, including the country's constitution , is 日本国 ( Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku ), meaning "State of Japan". Despite this, the short-form name 日本 ( Nippon or Nihon ) is also often used officially.



^ Jump up to: a b 令和元年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調 (10月1日時点) [Reiwa 1 prefectures and municipalities ranked according to area (as of 1 October)] (in Japanese). Geospatial Information Authority of Japan . December 26, 2019. Archived from the original on April 15, 2020.

^ "Surface water and surface water change" . OECD . Retrieved October 11, 2020 .

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^ "2020 Population Census Preliminary Tabulation" . Statistics Bureau of Japan . Retrieved June 26, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d "World Economic Outlook database: April 2022" . International Monetary Fund . April 2022.

^ Inequality - Income inequality - OECD Data . OECD . Retrieved July 25, 2021 .

^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme . December 15, 2020.

^ "Official Names of Member States (UNTERM)" (PDF) . UN Protocol and Liaison Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2020 . Retrieved May 21, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Schreiber, Mark (November 26, 2019). "You say 'Nihon,' I say 'Nippon,' or let's call the whole thing 'Japan'?" . The Japan Times .

^ Jump up to: a b Carr, Michael (March 1992). "Wa Wa Lexicography" . International Journal of Lexicography . 5 (1): 1–31. doi : 10.1093/ijl/5.1.1 – via Oxford Academic .

^ Piggott, Joan R. (1997). The Emergence of Japanese Kingship . Stanford University Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-0-8047-2832-4 .

^ Hoffman, Michael (July 27, 2008). "Cipangu's landlocked isles" . The Japan Times . Archived from the original on August 25, 2018.

^ Lach, Donald (2010). Asia in the Making of Europe . Vol. I. University of Chicago Press. p. 157.

^ Mancall, Peter C. (2006). "Of the Ilande of Giapan, 1565". Travel Narratives from the Age of Discovery: an anthology . Oxford University Press. pp. 156–157.

^ Batchelor, Robert K. (2014). London: The Selden Map and the Making of a Global City, 1549–1689 . University of Chicago Press. pp. 76, 79. ISBN 978-0-226-08079-6 .

^ Ono, Akira; Sato, Hiroyuki; Tsutsumi, Takashi; Kudo, Yuichiro (2002). "Radiocarbon Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands" . Radiocarbon . 44 (2): 477–494. doi : 10.1017/S0033822200031854 .

^ Habu, Junko (2004). Ancient Jomon of Japan . Cambridge University Press . p. 43. ISBN 978-0-521-77670-7 .

^ "Jōmon Culture (ca. 10,500–ca. 300 B.C.)" . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved August 28, 2020 .

^ Oh, ChungHae Amana (2011). Cosmogonical Worldview of Jomon Pottery . Sankeisha. p. 37. ISBN 978-4-88361-924-5 .

^ "Road of rice plant" . National Science Museum of Japan . Archived from the original on April 30, 2011 . Retrieved January 15, 2011 .

^ "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)" . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved August 28, 2020 .

^ "Yayoi Culture (ca. 300 B.C.–300 A.D.)" . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved August 28, 2020 .

^ Hendry, Joy (2012). Understanding Japanese Society . Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-136-27918-8 .

^ Brown, Delmer M.; Hall, John Whitney; Jansen, Marius B.; Shively, Donald H.; Twitchett, Denis (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan . Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press . pp. 140–149, 275. ISBN 978-0-521-22352-2 .

^ Beasley, William Gerald (1999). The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan . University of California Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-520-22560-2 .

^ Jump up to: a b Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan: 1334–1615 . Stanford University Press. pp. 57, 68. ISBN 978-0-8047-0525-7 .

^ Jump up to: a b Totman, Conrad (2002). A History of Japan . Blackwell. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4 .

^ Totman, Conrad (2002). A History of Japan . Blackwell. pp. 64–79. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "Of Courtiers and Warriors: Early and Medieval History (710–1600)". A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 24–52. ISBN 978-0-230-36918-4 .

^ Hays, J.N. (2005). Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history . ABC-CLIO. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-85109-658-9 .

^ Totman, Conrad (2002). A History of Japan . Blackwell. pp. 79–87, 122–123. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4 .

^ Leibo, Steven A. (2015). East and Southeast Asia 2015–2016 . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 99–104. ISBN 978-1-4758-1875-8 .

^ Middleton, John (2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties . Routledge. p. 616.

^ Totman, Conrad (2005). A History of Japan (2nd ed.). Blackwell. pp. 106–112. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4 .

^ Shirane, Haruo (2012). Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600 . Columbia University Press. p. 409. ISBN 978-0-231-15730-8 .

^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan: 1334–1615 . Stanford University Press. pp. 42, 217. ISBN 978-0-8047-0525-7 .

^ Lidin, Olof (2005). Tanegashima . Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-203-47957-2 .

^ Brown, Delmer (May 1948). "The impact of firearms on Japanese warfare, 1543–98". The Far Eastern Quarterly . 7 (3): 236–253. doi : 10.2307/2048846 . JSTOR 2048846 .

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^ Turnbull, Stephen (2011). Toyotomi Hideyoshi . Osprey Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-84603-960-7 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "The Closed Country: the Tokugawa Period (1600–1868)". A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 53–74. ISBN 978-0-230-36918-4 .

^ Totman, Conrad (2005). A History of Japan (2nd ed.). Blackwell. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4 .

^ Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". Journal of Japanese Studies . 3 (2): 323–363. doi : 10.2307/132115 . JSTOR 132115 .

^ Howe, Christopher (1996). The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy . Hurst & Company. pp. 58ff. ISBN 978-1-85065-538-1 .

^ Ohtsu, M.; Imanari, Tomio (1999). "Japanese National Values and Confucianism". Japanese Economy . 27 (2): 45–59. doi : 10.2753/JES1097-203X270245 .

^ Totman, Conrad (2005). A History of Japan (2nd ed.). Blackwell. pp. 289–296. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4 .

^ Jump up to: a b Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "Building a Modern Nation: the Meiji Period (1868–1912)". A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 75–107. ISBN 978-0-230-36918-4 .

^ McCargo, Duncan (2000). Contemporary Japan . Macmillan. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-333-71000-5 .

^ Baran, Paul (1962). The Political Economy of Growth . Monthly Review Press. p. 160.

^ Totman, Conrad (2005). A History of Japan (2nd ed.). Blackwell. pp. 312–314. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4 .

^ Matsusaka, Y. Tak (2009). "The Japanese Empire". In Tsutsui, William M. (ed.). Companion to Japanese History . Blackwell. pp. 224–241. ISBN 978-1-4051-1690-9 .

^ Hiroshi, Shimizu; Hitoshi, Hirakawa (1999). Japan and Singapore in the world economy: Japan's economic advance into Singapore, 1870–1965 . Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-415-19236-1 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "The Excesses of Ambition: the Pacific War and its Lead-Up". A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 108–141. ISBN 978-0-230-36918-4 .

^ Tsuzuki, Chushichi (2011). "Taisho Democracy and the First World War". The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan 1825–1995 . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205890.001.0001 . ISBN 978-0-19-820589-0 .

^ Jump up to: a b Ramesh, S (2020). "The Taisho Period (1912–1926): Transition from Democracy to a Military Economy". China's Economic Rise . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 173–209. ISBN 978-3-030-49811-5 .

^ Burnett, M. Troy, ed. (2020). Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World . ABC-CLIO. p. 20.

^ Weber, Torsten (2018). Embracing 'Asia' in China and Japan . Palgrave Macmillan. p. 268.

^ "The Japanese Nation: It has a history of feudalism, nationalism, war and now defeat" . LIFE . September 17, 1945. pp. 109–111.

^ Paine, S. C. M. (2012). The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949 . Cambridge University Press. pp. 123–125. ISBN 978-1-139-56087-0 .

^ Worth, Roland H., Jr. (1995). No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific . McFarland. pp. 56, 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-0141-3 .

^ Bailey, Beth; Farber, David (2019). "Introduction: December 7/8, 1941". Beyond Pearl Harbor: A Pacific History . University Press of Kansas. pp. 1–8.

^ Yōko, Hayashi (1999–2000). "Issues Surrounding the Wartime "Comfort Women" ". Review of Japanese Culture and Society . 11/12 (Special Issue): 54–65. JSTOR 42800182 .

^ Pape, Robert A. (1993). "Why Japan Surrendered". International Security . 18 (2): 154–201. doi : 10.2307/2539100 . JSTOR 2539100 .

^ Watt, Lori (2010). When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan . Harvard University Press. pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-0-674-05598-8 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "A Phoenix from the Ashes: Postwar Successes and Beyond". A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 142–180. ISBN 978-0-230-36918-4 .

^ Coleman, Joseph (March 6, 2007). " '52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA" . The Japan Times .

^ Saxonhouse, Gary; Stern, Robert (2003). "The bubble and the lost decade". The World Economy . 26 (3): 267–281. doi : 10.1111/1467-9701.00522 . hdl : 2027.42/71597 .

^ Jump up to: a b Fackler, Martin; Drew, Kevin (March 11, 2011). "Devastation as Tsunami Crashes Into Japan" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on January 3, 2022.

^ "Japan's emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication" . Nikkei Asian Review . April 30, 2019.

^ "Water Supply in Japan" . Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018 . Retrieved September 26, 2018 .

^ Iwashita, Akihiro (2011). "An Invitation to Japan's Borderlands: At the Geopolitical Edge of the Eurasian Continent". Journal of Borderlands Studies . 26 (3): 279–282. doi : 10.1080/08865655.2011.686969 .

^ Kuwahara, Sueo (2012). "The development of small islands in Japan: An historical perspective" . Journal of Marine and Island Cultures . 1 (1): 38–45. doi : 10.1016/j.imic.2012.04.004 .

^ McCargo, Duncan (2000). Contemporary Japan . Macmillan. pp. 8–11. ISBN 978-0-333-71000-5 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "World Factbook: Japan" . CIA . Retrieved January 16, 2021 .

^ Yamada, Yoshihiko (2011). "Japan's New National Border Strategy and Maritime Security". Journal of Borderlands Studies . 26 (3): 357–367. doi : 10.1080/08865655.2011.686972 .

^ "Natural environment of Japan: Japanese archipelago" . Ministry of the Environment . Retrieved August 4, 2022 .

^ Fujimoto, Shouji; Mizuno, Takayuki; Ohnishi, Takaaki; Shimizu, Chihiro; Watanabe, Tsutomu (2017). "Relationship between population density and population movement in inhabitable lands" . Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review . 14 : 117–130. doi : 10.1007/s40844-016-0064-z .

^ "List of countries by population density" . Statistics Times . Retrieved October 12, 2020 .

^ Fujimoto, Shouji; Mizuno, Takayuki; Ohnishi, Takaaki; Shimizu, Chihiro; Watanabe, Tsutomu (2014). "Geographic Dependency of Population Distribution" . Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, Plus Econophysics Colloquium . Springer Proceedings in Complexity: 151–162. doi : 10.1007/978-3-319-20591-5_14 . ISBN 978-3-319-20590-8 .

^ 総務省｜住基ネット [Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Resident Registration net]. soumu.go.jp . Retrieved November 13, 2021 .

^ Hua, Yang (2014). "Legal Regulation of Land Reclamation in China's Coastal Areas". Coastal Management . 42 (1): 59–79. doi : 10.1080/08920753.2013.865008 .

^ Tabata, Ryoichi; Kakioka, Ryo; Tominaga, Koji; Komiya, Takefumi; Watanabe, Katsutoshi (2016). "Phylogeny and historical demography of endemic fishes in Lake Biwa: The ancient lake as a promoter of evolution and diversification of freshwater fishes in western Japan" . Ecology and Evolution . 6 (8): 2601–2623. doi : 10.1002/ece3.2070 . PMC 4798153 . PMID 27066244 .

^ Israel, Brett (March 14, 2011). "Japan's Explosive Geology Explained" . Live Science.

^ "World Risk Report 2016" . UNU-EHS . Retrieved November 8, 2020 .

^ Fujita, Eisuke; Ueda, Hideki; Nakada, Setsuya (July 2020). "A New Japan Volcanological Database" . Frontiers in Earth Science . 8 : 205. doi : 10.3389/feart.2020.00205 .

^ "Tectonics and Volcanoes of Japan" . Oregon State University. Archived from the original on February 4, 2007 . Retrieved March 27, 2007 .

^ Hammer, Joshua (May 2011). "The Great Japan Earthquake of 1923" . Smithsonian Magazine .

^ Jump up to: a b c Karan, Pradyumna Prasad; Gilbreath, Dick (2005). Japan in the 21st century . University Press of Kentucky. pp. 18–21, 41. ISBN 978-0-8131-2342-4 .

^ "Climate of Hokuriku district" . Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved October 24, 2020 .

^ "Overview of Japan's climate" . Japan Meteorological Association . Retrieved December 11, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Ito, Masami. "Japan 2030: Tackling climate issues is key to the next decade" . The Japan Times . Retrieved September 24, 2020 .

^ "Record High in Japan as Heat Wave Grips the Region" . The New York Times . Associated Press. July 23, 2018. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018.

^ Ogura, Junko; Regan, Helen (August 18, 2020). "Japan's heat wave continues, as temperatures equal highest record" . CNN.

^ "Flora and Fauna: Diversity and regional uniqueness" . Embassy of Japan in the USA. Archived from the original on February 13, 2007 . Retrieved April 1, 2007 .

^ Sakurai, Ryo (2019). Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Japan: From Asia to the World . Springer. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-981-13-6332-0 .

^ "The Wildlife in Japan" (PDF) . Ministry of the Environment . March 2015.

^ "National Parks of Japan" . Ministry of the Environment . Retrieved May 11, 2011 .

^ "Japan" . Ramsar . Retrieved December 11, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Japan – Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List" . UNESCO . Retrieved December 11, 2020 .

^ 日本の大気汚染の歴史 [Historical Air Pollution in Japan] (in Japanese). Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011 . Retrieved March 2, 2014 .

^ Sekiyama, Takeshi. "Japan's international cooperation for energy efficiency and conservation in Asian region" (PDF) . Energy Conservation Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2008 . Retrieved January 16, 2011 .

^ "Environmental Performance Index: Japan" . Yale University . Retrieved February 26, 2018 .

^ "Japan sees extra emission cuts to 2020 goal – minister" . Reuters. June 24, 2009.

^ Davidson, Jordan (October 26, 2020). "Japan Targets Carbon Neutrality by 2050" . Ecowatch .

^ "Environmental Performance Review of Japan" (PDF) . OECD . Retrieved January 16, 2011 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d "Japan's Parliament and other political institutions" . European Parliament. June 9, 2020.

^ Jump up to: a b "The Constitution of Japan" . Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. November 3, 1946. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Japan" . US Securities and Exchange Commission. August 6, 2020.

^ "Japan Youth Can Make Difference with New Voting Rights: UN Envoy" . UN Envoy on Youth. July 2016.

^ "Fumio Kishida wins race to become Japan's next prime minister" . BBC News . September 29, 2021.

^ Crespo, José Antonio (April 1995). "The Liberal Democratic Party in Japan: Conservative Domination". International Political Science Review . 16 (2): 199–209. JSTOR 1601459 .

^ Jump up to: a b Dean, Meryll (2002). Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials (2nd ed.). Cavendish. pp. 55–58, 131. ISBN 978-1-85941-673-0 .

^ Kanamori, Shigenari (January 1, 1999). "German influences on Japanese Pre-War Constitution and Civil Code". European Journal of Law and Economics . 7 (1): 93–95. doi : 10.1023/A:1008688209052 .

^ "The Anomalous Life of the Japanese Constitution" . Nippon.com . August 15, 2017. Archived from the original on August 11, 2019.

^ "The Japanese Judicial System" . Office of the Prime Minister of Japan. July 1999.

^ "Regions of Japan" (PDF) . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan . Retrieved January 13, 2021 .

^ "Japan's Efforts at the United Nations (UN)" . Diplomatic Bluebook 2017 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan . Retrieved December 11, 2020 .

^ Terada, Takashi (2011). "The United States and East Asian Regionalism". In Borthwick, Mark; Yamamoto, Tadashi (eds.). A Pacific Nation (PDF) . ISBN 978-4-88907-133-7 .

^ "Statistics from the Development Co-operation Report 2015" . OECD . Retrieved November 15, 2015 .

^ "Global Diplomacy Index – Country Rank" . Lowy Institute . Retrieved December 29, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b "US Relations with Japan" . US Department of State. January 21, 2020.

^ Chanlett-Avery, Emma (2018). Japan, the Indo-Pacific, and the "Quad" (Report). Chicago Council on Global Affairs.

^ Smith, Sheila A. (May 27, 2021). "The Quad in the Indo-Pacific: What to Know" . Council on Foreign Relations . Retrieved January 26, 2022 .

^ "Japan and South Korea agree WW2 'comfort women' deal" . BBC News . December 28, 2015.

^ Ju, H. (July 2018). "The Korean Wave and Korean Dramas" . Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication . doi : 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.715 . ISBN 9780190228613 .

^ Min-sik, Yoon (August 14, 2019). "21 years after 'Japanese invasion,' Korean pop culture stronger than ever" . The Korean Herald .

^ "Japanese Territory, Northern Territories" . MOFA . April 4, 2014.

^ "Japanese Territory, Takeshima" . MOFA. July 30, 2014.

^ Fox, Senan (September 2016). "The Senkaku Shoto/
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