Italian Latin

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Italian Latin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Italian language. For the regional varieties of standard Italian, see Regional Italian .
"Italiano" redirects here. For other uses, see Italiano (disambiguation) .
  Presence of Italian-speaking communities
"History of Italian" redirects here. For the history of the Italian people, see Italians . For the history of the Italian culture, see culture of Italy .
Dante Alighieri ( top ) and Petrarca ( bottom ) were influential in establishing their Tuscan dialect as the most prominent literary language in all of Italy in the Late Middle Ages .
  Spoken traditionally by the majority
Italian edition of Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia

^ Jump up to: a b Recognized as a minority language by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . [6]

^ Italian is the main language of the valleys of Calanca , Mesolcina , Bregaglia and val Poschiavo . In the village of Maloja , it is spoken by about half the population. It is also spoken by a minority in the village of Bivio .




^ Jump up to: a b Keating, Dave. "Despite Brexit, English Remains The EU's Most Spoken Language By Far" . Forbes . Retrieved 7 February 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Europeans and their Languages Archived 6 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine , Data for EU27 , published in 2012.

^ "Centro documentazione per l'integrazione" . Cdila.it . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ "Centro documentazione per l'integrazione" . Cdila.it . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ "Pope Francis to receive Knights of Malta grand master Thursday – English" . ANSA.it . 21 June 2016 . Retrieved 16 October 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" (PDF) . (PDF)

^ Fleure, H. J. The peoples of Europe . ISBN 9781176926981 .

^ "Hermathena" . 1942.

^ Winters, Margaret E. (8 May 2020). Historical Linguistics: A cognitive grammar introduction . ISBN 9789027261236 .

^ "Romance languages" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 19 February 2017 . ...if the Romance languages are compared with Latin, it is seen that by most measures Sardinian and Italian are least differentiated...

^ Jump up to: a b " Sardinian language , Encyclopedia Britannica" .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy) – Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version

^ "MULTILINGVISM ŞI LIMBI MINORITARE ÎN ROMÂNIA" (PDF) (in Romanian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2019 . Retrieved 13 June 2019 .

^ "Italy" . Ethnologue. 19 February 1999 . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ "Italian — University of Leicester" . .le.ac.uk . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ See List of Italian musical terms used in English

^ [1] Archived 3 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lepschy, Anna Laura; Lepschy, Giulio C. (1988). The Italian language today (2nd ed.). New York: New Amsterdam. pp. 13, 22, 19–20, 21, 35, 37. ISBN 978-0-941533-22-5 . OCLC 17650220 .

^ Andreose, Alvise; Renzi, Lorenzo (2013), "Geography and distribution of the Romance Languages in Europe", in Maiden, Martin; Smith, John Charles; Ledgeway, Adam (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages , vol. 2, Contexts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 302–308

^ Coletti, Vittorio (2011). "Storia della lingua" . Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana . Retrieved 10 October 2015 . L'italiano di oggi ha ancora in gran parte la stessa grammatica e usa ancora lo stesso lessico del fiorentino letterario del Trecento.

^ "History of the Italian language" . Italian-language.biz. Archived from the original on 3 September 2006 . Retrieved 24 September 2006 .

^ Jump up to: a b Berloco 2018 .

^ P., McKay, John (2006). A history of Western society . Hill, Bennett D., Buckler, John. (8th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-52273-6 . OCLC 58837884 .

^ Dittmar, Jeremiah (2011). "Information Technology and Economic Change: The Impact of the Printing Press" . The Quarterly Journal of Economics . 126 (3): 1133–1172. doi : 10.1093/qje/qjr035 . S2CID 11701054 .

^ Toso, Fiorenzo. Lo spazio linguistico corso tra insularità e destino di frontiera , in Linguistica , 43, pp. 79–80, 2003

^ Cardia, Amos. S'italianu in Sardìnnia candu, cumenti e poita d'ant impostu : 1720–1848; poderi e lìngua in Sardìnnia in edadi spanniola , pp. 80–93, Iskra, 2006.

^ «La dominazione sabauda in Sardegna può essere considerata come la fase iniziale di un lungo processo di italianizzazione dell'isola, con la capillare diffusione dell'italiano in quanto strumento per il superamento della frammentarietà tipica del contesto linguistico dell'isola e con il conseguente inserimento delle sue strutture economiche e culturali in un contesto internazionale più ampio e aperto ai contatti di più lato respiro. [...] Proprio la variegata composizione linguistica della Sardegna fu considerata negativamente per qualunque tentativo di assorbimento dell'isola nella sfera culturale italiana.» Loi Corvetto, Ines. I Savoia e le "vie" dell'unificazione linguistica . Quoted in Putzu, Ignazio; Mazzon, Gabriella (2012). Lingue, letterature, nazioni. Centri e periferie tra Europa e Mediterraneo , p.488.

^ This faction was headed by Vincenzo Calmeta, Alessandro Tassoni , according to whom “the idiom of the Roman court was as good as the Florentine one, and better understood by all” (G. Rossi, ed. (1930). La secchia rapita, L’oceano e le rime . Bari. p. 235) and Francesco Sforza Pallavicino . See: Bellini, Eraldo (2022). "Language and Idiom in Sforza Pallavicino's Trattato dello stile e del dialogo " . Sforza Pallavicino: A Jesuit Life in Baroque Rome . Brill Publishers : 126–172. ISBN 978-90-04-51724-0 .

^ "I Promessi sposi or The Betrothed" . Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.

^ "Lewis, M. Paul (ed.) (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition" . Ethnologue.com . Retrieved 21 April 2010 .

^ Grimes, Barbara F. (October 1996). Barbara F. Grimes (ed.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World . Consulting Editors: Richard S. Pittman & Joseph E. Grimes (thirteenth ed.). Dallas, Texas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, Academic Pub . ISBN 978-1-55671-026-1 .

^ Brincat (2005) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFBrincat2005 ( help )

^ "Similar languages to Italian" . ezglot.com .

^ Pei, Mario (1949). Story of Language . ISBN 978-0-397-00400-3 .

^ See Italica 1950: 46 (cf. [2] and [3] ): "Pei, Mario A. "A New Methodology for Romance Classification." Word, v, 2 (Aug. 1949), 135–146. Demonstrates a comparative statistical method for determining the extent of change from the Latin for the free and checked stressed vowels of French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Rumanian, Old Provençal, and Logudorese Sardinian. By assigning 3½ change points per vowel (with 2 points for diphthongization, 1 point for modification in vowel quantity, ½ point for changes due to nasalization, palatalization or umlaut, and −½ point for failure to effect a normal change), there is a maximum of 77 change points for free and checked stressed vowel sounds (11×2×3½=77). According to this system (illustrated by seven charts at the end of the article), the percentage of change is greatest in French (44%) and least in Italian (12%) and Sardinian (8%). Prof. Pei suggests that this statistical method be extended not only to all other phonological but also to all morphological and syntactical, phenomena.".

^ See Koutna et al. (1990: 294) : "In the late forties and in the fifties some new proposals for classification of the Romance languages appeared. A statistical method attempting to evaluate the evidence quantitatively was developed in order to provide not only a classification but at the same time a measure of the divergence among the languages. The earliest attempt was made in 1949 by Mario Pei (1901–1978), who measured the divergence of seven modern Romance languages from Classical Latin, taking as his criterion the evolution of stressed vowels. Pei's results do not show the degree of contemporary divergence among the languages from each other but only the divergence of each one from Classical Latin. The closest language turned out to be Sardinian with 8% of change. Then followed Italian — 12%; Spanish — 20%; Romanian — 23,5%; Provençal — 25%; Portuguese — 31%; French — 44%."

^ "Portland State Multicultural Topics in Communications Sciences & Disorders | Italian" . www.pdx.edu . Archived from the original on 6 February 2017 . Retrieved 5 February 2017 .

^ Lüdi, Georges; Werlen, Iwar (April 2005). "Recensement Fédéral de la Population 2000 — Le Paysage Linguistique en Suisse" (PDF) (in French, German, and Italian). Neuchâtel : Office fédéral de la statistique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2007 . Retrieved 5 January 2006 .

^ Marc-Christian Riebe, Retail Market Study 2015 , p. 36. " the largest city in Ticino, and the largest Italian-speaking city outside of Italy. "

^ The Vatican City State appendix to the Acta Apostolicae Sedis is entirely in Italian.

^ "Society" . Monaco-IQ Business Intelligence . Lydia Porter. 2007–2013. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013 . Retrieved 28 June 2013 .

^ "France" . Ethnologue . SIL International. 2013. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013 . Retrieved 28 June 2013 .

^ " "Un nizzardo su quattro prese la via dell'esilio" in seguito all'unità d'Italia, dice lo scrittore Casalino Pierluigi" (in Italian). 28 August 2017 . Retrieved 14 May 2021 .

^ Abalain, Hervé, (2007) Le français et les langues historiques de la France , Éditions Jean-Paul Gisserot, p.113

^ Jump up to: a b "Il monegasco, una lingua che si studia a scuola ed è obbligatoria" (in Italian) . Retrieved 6 June 2022 .

^ "Europeans and their Languages" (PDF) . European Commission: Directorate General for Education and Culture and Directorate General Press and Communication. February 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2008 . Retrieved 28 June 2013 .

^ Hull, Geoffrey, The Malta Language Question: A Case Study in Cultural Imperialism , Valletta: Said International, 1993.

^ Jump up to: a b "La tutela delle minoranze linguistiche in Slovenia" (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 June 2022 .

^ "Popis 2002" . Retrieved 10 June 2017 .

^ "Državni Zavod za Statistiku" (in Croatian) . Retrieved 10 June 2017 .

^ Thammy Evans & Rudolf Abraham (2013). Istria . p. 11. ISBN 9781841624457 .

^ James M. Markham (6 June 1987). "Election Opens Old Wounds in Trieste" . The New York Times . Retrieved 9 June 2016 .

^ Lodge, R. Anthony; Pugh, Stefan (2007). Language contact and minority languages on the littorals of Europe . Logos Verlag. pp. 235–238. ISBN 9783832516444 .

^ Zonova, Tatiana. "The Italian language: soft power or dolce potere?." Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali (2013): 227–231.

^ "Albanian government makes Italian an obligatory language in professional schools" . balkaneu.com . February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018 . Retrieved 8 November 2018 .

^ Longo, Maurizio (2007). "La lingua italiana in Albania" (PDF) . Education et Sociétés Plurilingues (in Italian) (22): 51–56. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015 . Retrieved 28 July 2014 . Today, even though for political reasons English is the most widely taught foreign language in Albanian schools, Italian is anyway the most widespread foreign language.

^ Longo, Maurizio; Ademi, Esmeralda; Bulija, Mirjana (June 2010). "Una quantificazione della penetrazione della lingua italiana in Albania tramite la televisione (III)" [A quantification of the diffusion of the Italian language in Albania via television] (PDF) . Education et Sociétés Plurilingues (in Italian) (28): 53–63. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014 . Retrieved 28 July 2014 .

^ [4] Archived 17 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine

^ Podestà, Gian Luca. "L'emigrazione italiana in Africa orientale" (PDF) . Retrieved 10 February 2022 .

^ "Language Spoken at Home: 2000" . United States Bureau of the Census . Archived from the original on 12 February 2020 . Retrieved 8 August 2012 .

^ "Newsletter" . Netcapricorn.com . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ "Data tables, 2016 Census" . Statistics Canada . Archived from the original on 11 October 2017 . Retrieved 26 October 2017 .

^ "Los segundos idiomas más hablados de Sudamérica | AméricaEconomía – El sitio de los negocios globales de América Latina" . Americaeconomia.com. 16 July 2015 . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ "Brazil" . Ethnologue . Archived from the original on 17 July 2018 . Retrieved 6 June 2018 .

^ Bernasconi, Giulia (2012). "L'ITALIANO IN VENEZUELA" . Italiano LinguaDue (in Italian). Università degli Studi di Milano. 3 (2): 20. doi : 10.13130/2037-3597/1921 . Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 . Retrieved 22 January 2017 . L'italiano come lingua acquisita o riacquisita è largamente diffuso in Venezuela: recenti studi stimano circa 200.000 studenti di italiano nel Paese

^ "Encuesta Telefónica de Idiomas (ETI) 2019" . Instituto Nacional de Estadística Instituto Nacional de Estadística – Uruguay . 2019. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020.

^ "2011 Census QuickStats: Australia" . Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 6 November 2015 . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ "QUOTIDIANI ITALIANI ALL'ESTERO" (in Italian) . Retrieved 6 June 2022 .

^ "Come si informano gli italiani all'estero" (in Italian) . Retrieved 6 June 2022 .

^ "Il giornale italo-brasiliano (Fanfulla)" (in Italian) . Retrieved 6 June 2022 .

^ "duolingo" . duolingo . Retrieved 18 July 2017 .

^ "Dati e statistiche" . Esteri.it. 28 September 2007 . Retrieved 22 October 2015 .

^ "Italian Language" . ilsonline.it . Retrieved 7 October 2016 .

^ "Lingue di Minoranza e Scuola: Carta Generale" . Minoranze-linguistiche-scuola.it . Archived from the original on 10 October 2017 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .

^ Hall (1944) , pp. 77–78.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004) , p. 117.

^ Hall (1944) , p. 78.

^ Jump up to: a b c Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005) , p. 132.

^ Jump up to: a b Canepari (1992) , p. 62.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Canepari (1992) , pp. 68, 75–76.

^ Canepari (1992) , pp. 57, 84, 88–89.

^ Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005) , p. 133.

^ Canepari (1992) , pp. 58, 88–89.

^ Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005) , p. 134.

^ Canepari (1992) , pp. 57–59, 88–89.

^ Jump up to: a b Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005) , pp. 134–135.

^ Canepari (1992) , p. 59.

^ Canepari (1992) , p. 58.

^ Recasens (2013) , p. 13. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFRecasens2013 ( help )

^ "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of [ʎ] , creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)" Ashby (2011 :64).

^ Jump up to: a b Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) , p. 221. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996 ( help )

^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004) , p. 118.

^ Jump up to: a b Luciano Canepari, A Handbook of Pronunciation , chapter 3: «Italian».

^ Romano, Antonio. "A preliminary contribution to the study of phonetic variation of /r/ in Italian and Italo-Romance." Rhotics. New data and perspectives (Proc. of’r-atics-3, Libera Università di Bolzano (2011): 209–226, pp. 213–214.

^ "Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia" .

^ "Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia" .

^ Jump up to: a b Clivio, Gianrenzo; Danesi, Marcel (2000). The Sounds, Forms, and Uses of Italian: An Introduction to Italian Linguistics . University of Toronto Press. pp. 21, 66.

^ Canepari, Luciano (January 1999). Il MªPI – Manuale di pronuncia italiana (second ed.). Bologna : Zanichelli . ISBN 978-88-08-24624-0 .

^ Simone 2010 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "Collins Italian Dictionary | Translations, Definitions and Pronunciations" . www.collinsdictionary.com . Retrieved 28 July 2017 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Danesi, Marcel (2008). Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Italian Grammar, Premium Second Edition . New York: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-1-259-58772-6 .

^ Kellogg, Michael. "Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference" . WordReference.com (in Italian and English). WordReference.com . Retrieved 7 August 2015 .



Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics , Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0340928271
Bertinetto, Pier Marco; Loporcaro, Michele (2005). "The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome" (PDF) . Journal of the International Phonetic Association . 35 (2): 131–151. doi : 10.1017/S0025100305002148 . S2CID 6479830 .
Canepari, Luciano (1992), Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana [ Handbook of Italian Pronunciation ] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, ISBN 978-88-08-24624-0
Berloco, Fabrizio (2018). The Big Book of Italian Verbs: 900 Fully Conjugated Verbs in All Tenses. With IPA Transcription, 2nd Edition . Lengu. ISBN 978-8894034813 .
Palermo, Massimo (2015). Linguistica italiana . Il Mulino. ISBN 978-8815258847 .
Simone, Raffaele (2010). Enciclopedia dell'italiano . Treccani.
Hall, Robert A. Jr. (1944). "Italian phonemes and orthography". Italica . American Association of Teachers of Italian. 21 (2): 72–82. doi : 10.2307/475860 . JSTOR 475860 .
Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004). "Italian" . Journal of the International Phonetic Association . 34 (1): 117–121. doi : 10.1017/S0025100304001628 .
M. Vitale, Studi di Storia della Lingua Italiana , LED Edizioni Universitarie, Milano, 1992, ISBN 88-7916-015-X
S. Morgana, Capitoli di Storia Linguistica Italiana , LED Edizioni Universitarie, Milano, 2003, ISBN 88-7916-211-X
J. Kinder, CLIC: Cultura e Lingua d'Italia in CD-ROM / Culture and Language of Italy on CD-ROM , Interlinea, Novara, 2008, ISBN 978-88-8212-637-7
Treccani Italian Dictionary (iso) . archive.org (in Italian). it. (with a similar list of other Italian-modern languages dictionaries)

Italian edition of Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia
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