Is Lesbian Marriage Legal In Usa

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Civil unions and registered partnerships
  Recognized when performed elsewhere
  Only recognized by the state and federal governments
  (mixed jurisdiction; not performed by tribal government)
  (mixed jurisdiction; not performed or recognized by tribal government)
  Same-sex marriage ban overturned, decision stayed indefinitely
  Same-sex marriage banned where federal circuit court has found similar bans unconstitutional
  Same-sex marriage legality complicated
— President Barack Obama , on the matter of same-sex marriage as a constitutional question
  Majority support same-sex marriage — 80 to 89%
  Majority support same-sex marriage — 70 to 79%
  Majority support same-sex marriage — 60 to 69%
  Majority support same-sex marriage — 50 to 59%
  Plurality support same-sex marriage — 40 to 49%

^ Among many examples: (1) the U.S. District Court ruling in Bourke v. Beshear , which required Kentucky to recognize same-sex marriages from Canada and several U.S. states, was decided on equal protection grounds alone. The plaintiffs claimed that Kentucky's ban violated the Full Faith and Credit Clause, but the court found it unnecessary to address that argument, [18] and (2) the plaintiffs in Robicheaux v. Caldwell , who sought Louisiana's recognition of their out-of-state marriages, argued only on the basis of equal protection and due process. One of the Louisiana statutes they challenged made clear the state's assertion of its right to deny recognition to the legal act of another state: "A purported marriage between persons of the same sex violates a strong public policy of the state of Louisiana". (emphasis added). [19]

^ Other cases that sought review by the U.S. Supreme Court were Golinski v. Office of Personnel Management , Gill v. Office of Personnel Management , Massachusetts v. United States Department of Health and Human Services , and Pedersen v. Office of Personnel Management .

^ In early 2013, the IRS recognized the community property and income of same-sex partners in community property states. [147]



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^ Andrew Gumbel. "The Great Undoing?" . The Advocate . Retrieved July 9, 2012 .

^ Michael Long (January 31, 2013). "Coretta's Big Dream: Coretta Scott King on Gay Rights" . HuffPost . Retrieved July 18, 2018 . Jeanne Theoharis (February 3, 2018). " ' I am not a symbol, I am an activist': the untold story of Coretta Scott King" . The Guardian . Retrieved July 18, 2018 . Douglas Martin (June 18, 2007). "Mildred Loving, 40 Years Later" . The Atlantic . Retrieved March 11, 2015 . Douglas Martin (May 6, 2008). "Mildred Loving, Who Battled Ban on Mixed-Race Marriage, Dies at 68" . The New York Times . Retrieved July 14, 2018 . Star-Ledger Editorial Board (December 9, 2009). "Gay marriage: NAACP chairman Julian Bond says gay rights are civil rights" . NJ.com . Retrieved December 12, 2018 . "Civil Rights Community Mourns Death Of Julian Bond" . NPR . August 17, 2015 . Retrieved December 12, 2018 . "Georgia Congressman John Lewis reacts to gay marriage ruling" . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . June 26, 2015 . Retrieved December 12, 2018 . Office of Congressman John Lewis . "LGBT RIGHTS" . House.gov . Archived from the original on April 29, 2019 . Retrieved December 12, 2018 .

^ "For First Time, Majority of Americans Favor Legal Gay Marriage" . Gallup . May 20, 2011.

^ Jump up to: a b "NAACP Passes Resolution In Support Of Marriage Equality" . NAACP . May 20, 2018 . Retrieved April 11, 2018 . "NAACP Speaks Out For Marriage Equality" . NAACP . April 2, 2013 . Retrieved July 14, 2018 . Michael Barbaro (May 19, 2012). "In Largely Symbolic Move, N.A.A.C.P. Votes to Endorse Same-Sex Marriage" . The New York Times . Retrieved July 14, 2018 .

^ "Record-High 60% of Americans Support Same-Sex Marriage" . Gallup . May 19, 2015.

^ Gumbel, Andrew (June 20, 2009). "The Great Undoing?" . The Advocate . Retrieved July 9, 2012 .

^ Glenn Adams and David Crary, "Maine voters reject gay-marriage law" , November 4, 2009

^ Houston, Sonya (March 17, 2013). "Tribe marries same-sex couple but state won't recognize it" . CNN . Retrieved March 18, 2013 .

^ "For first time, voters back gay marriage in statewide votes" . NBC News . Retrieved November 7, 2012 .

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^ Jump up to: a b Loretta Lynch (July 9, 2015). "Attorney General Lynch Announces Federal Marriage Benefits Available to Same-Sex Couples Nationwide" . Department of Justice. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016.

^ Wermiel, Stephen (March 23, 2012). "SCOTUS for law students: The Defense of Marriage Act and the Constitution" . SCOTUSblog . Retrieved September 23, 2014 .

^ Wolff, Tobias Barrington (July 21, 2011). "DOMA Repeal and the Truth About Full Faith & Credit" . The Huffington Post . Retrieved September 23, 2014 .

^ "Memorandum Opinion, Bouke v. Beshear " . U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. February 12, 2014.

^ "Order and Reasons, Robicheaux v. Caldwell " . U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana. September 3, 2014.

^ 1 U.S.C. § 7 .

^ Goodnough, Abby; Schwartz, John (July 8, 2010). "Judge Topples U.S. Rejection of Gay Unions" . The New York Times . Retrieved June 2, 2011 .

^ "The Defense of Marriage Act" . Freedom to Marry . Retrieved July 19, 2012 .

^ Lavoie, Denise (May 31, 2012). "DOMA Ruled Unconstitutional By Federal Appeals Court" . The Huffington Post . Retrieved July 19, 2012 .

^ Malewitz, Jim (October 18, 2012). "Defense of Marriage Act Discriminates Against Gays, Federal Court Rules" . Pewstates.org . Retrieved October 20, 2012 .

^ Tiven, Rachel. "Edie Wins! Another Ruling Against DOMA, What It Means" . Immigration Equality (organization) . Archived from the original on October 27, 2012 . Retrieved October 23, 2012 .

^ "Live Analysis of the Supreme Court Decisions on Gay Marriage" . New York Times . June 26, 2013 . Retrieved June 26, 2013 .

^ "After DOMA: Military Spousal Benefits" . Lambda Legal . November 15, 2013 . Retrieved December 19, 2017 .

^ Condon, Stephanie (June 26, 2014). "One year after DOMA ruling, same-sex couples still face benefits gaps" . CBS News . Retrieved December 19, 2017 .

^ Wolf, Richard (September 4, 2013). "Veterans' same-sex spouses eligible for federal benefits" . USA Today . Retrieved September 4, 2013 .

^ "John Kerry Announces Visa Changes for Same-Sex Couples" . U.S. Embassy Kuala Lumpur. August 2, 2013. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014 . Retrieved July 26, 2014 .

^ Perez, Evan (February 10, 2014). "U.S. expands legal benefits, services for same-sex marriages" . CNN . Retrieved July 26, 2014 .

^ Chappell, Bill (June 20, 2014). "Married Same-Sex Couples To Receive More Federal Benefits" . NPR . Retrieved July 26, 2014 .

^ Glenza, Jessica (June 20, 2014). "Federal agencies roll out benefits for married same-sex couples" . The Guardian . Retrieved July 26, 2014 .

^ Capehart, Jonathan (May 9, 2014). "Fix the Social Security discrepancy DOMA left behind" . The Washington Post . Retrieved July 26, 2014 .

^ Forman, Shira (February 27, 2015). "DOL Issues Final Rule Amending FMLA Definition of "Spouse" to Include Same-Sex Marriages" . Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton LLP . Retrieved February 28, 2015 .

^ Trotier, Geoffrey S. (February 24, 2015). "FMLA "Spouse" Definition Now Includes Same-Sex Spouses and Common-Law Spouses" . The National Law Review . von Briesen & Roper, s.c . Retrieved February 28, 2015 .

^ Johnson, Chris (September 19, 2014). "DOJ pressured to recognize same-sex marriages in 3 states" . Washington Blade . Retrieved September 24, 2014 .

^ "Senate blocks same-sex marriage ban" . CNN. June 7, 2006. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008 . Retrieved July 5, 2006 .

^ "Alabama House approves call to put same-sex marriage ban in U.S. Constitution" . Montgomery Advertiser . April 2, 2014. Archived from the original on April 12, 2014 . Retrieved April 3, 2014 .

^ "Same-sex marriage: American Samoa may be the only territory in the US where the historic Supreme Court ruling does not apply" . The Independent . July 10, 2015 . Retrieved September 2, 2015 .

^ American Samoa questions gay marriage validity in territory The Seattle Times , July 10, 2015

^ Williams, Pete (January 6, 2016). "Alabama Chief Justice Orders Halt to Gay Marriage" . NBC News . Retrieved January 6, 2016 .

^ "Alabama's top judge faces ethics charges over gay-marriage order" . Reuters . May 7, 2016.

^ Faulk, Kent (September 30, 2016). "Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore suspended for rest of term" . Alabama Media Group . Retrieved September 30, 2016 .

^ Young, Stephen (April 12, 2017). "Texas Senate Approves Recusals For County Clerks Opposed to Same-Sex Marriage" . Dallas Observer .

^ "Irion County Clerk" .

^ "Eight Alabama counties still refuse to issue marriage licenses despite gay marriage ruling" . AL.com . Retrieved October 21, 2016 .

^ "2yrs later, 7co. still not issuing same-sex marriage licenses" . Alabama Today . June 29, 2017 . Retrieved July 7, 2017 .

^ "Alabama judges use segregation-era law to avoid gay marriage" . AL.com . Retrieved October 21, 2016 .

^ Kirby, Brendan. "Here's how getting married in Alabama will change with no marriage licenses" . FOX10 News . Retrieved August 29, 2019 .

^ "One year after marriage ruling, pockets of defiance remain" . Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights . June 22, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2016 .

^ "Same-Sex Couples Can Now Adopt Children In All 50 States" . The Huffington Post . March 31, 2016.

^ "Judge Invalidates Mississippi's Same-Sex Adoption Ban, the Last of Its Kind in America" . Slate . March 31, 2016.

^ Gay Couples Entitled to Equal Treatment on Birth Certificates, Justice Rule The New York Times , June 26, 2017

^ Julian Brave Noisecat (July 2, 2015). "Fight For Marriage Equality Not Over On Navajo Nation" . The Huffington Post . Retrieved July 2, 2015 .

^ "Petition Granted" . Scribd.com . Supreme Court of Alabama. p. 27 . Retrieved March 24, 2015 .

^ DeMillo, Andrew (June 9, 2015). "Judge: Arkansas Must Recognize in-State Same-Sex Marriages" . ABC News. Associated Press . Retrieved June 9, 2015 .

^ U.S. Census estimate, 2014: "State Totals: Vintage 2014" . Annual Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014 . Retrieved December 26, 2014 . The Census Bureau population estimate for 2014 was 318,857,056 for the states and the District of Columbia.

^ "Federal judge rules Alaska's same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional" . Alaska Dispatch. October 12, 2014 . Retrieved October 12, 2014 .

^ "Connoly v. Jeanes, order and opinion" . United States District Court for the District of Arizona . Retrieved October 17, 2014 .

^ "Prop. 8 officially out — SF weddings begin" . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved June 28, 2013 .

^ Gutierrez, Melody (July 7, 2014). "California removes 'husband' 'wife' from marriage statutes" . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved October 6, 2014 .

^ Geidner, Chris (April 14, 2015). "Marriage Equality Comes To Guam" . BuzzFeed . Retrieved April 14, 2015 .

^ Miculka, Cameron (June 5, 2015). "Court strikes down Guam's same-sex marriage ban" . Pacific Daily News . Retrieved June 29, 2015 .

^ "Guam passes marriage equality and employment nondiscrimination acts" . Metro Weekly . August 12, 2015 . Retrieved September 2, 2015 .

^ "Judge rules Idaho gay marriage ban unconstitutional" . Idaho Statesman . May 13, 2014. Archived from the original on May 16, 2014 . Retrieved May 13, 2014 .

^ Geidner, Chris (October 7, 2014). "Idaho And Nevada Marriage Bans Are Unconstitutional, Federal Appeals Court Rules" . BuzzFeed News . Retrieved October 7, 2014 .

^ Johnson, Chris (September 15, 2014). "7th Circuit stays decision on Indiana same-sex marriage" . Washington Blade . Retrieved September 15, 2014 .

^ Miller, Kyle (September 4, 2007). "A window of opportunity" . Iowa State Daily . Retrieved April 5, 2013 .

^ Johnson, Chris (November 19, 2014). "Judge strikes down Montana ban on same-sex marriage" . Washington Blade . Retrieved November 19, 2014 .

^ Geidner, Chris (October 7, 2014). "Idaho And Nevada Marriage Bans Are Unconstitutional, Federal Appeals Court Rules" . BuzzFeed News . Retrieved October 7, 2014 .

^ Duffy, Nick (October 7, 2014). "Nevada amends laws to formally recognise same-sex marriage" . PinkNews . Retrieved July 3, 2017 .

^ Nevada Bill AB229 . Nevada Legislature. Retrieved July 3, 2017.

^ "SB 503" . www.nmlegis.gov .

^ Gordon, Michael (October 10, 2014). "Gay marriage is now legal in North Carolina" . Charlotte Observer . Retrieved October 10, 2014 .

^ "Opinion of the Court in Nos. 14–5003 & 14–5006, Bishop, et al v. Smith, et al" (PDF) . United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit . Retrieved July 18, 2014 .

^ "HB 2478" . The Oregonian . Oregon Legislature Bill Tracker . Retrieved September 2, 2015 .

^ United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (November 12, 2014). "Order" . Equality Case Files . Retrieved November 12, 2014 .

^ Mimica, Mila (February 14, 2014). "Federal Judge Rules Va. Gay Marriage Ban Unconstitutional" . NBC News . Retrieved February 27, 2014 .

^ Carpenter, Dale (July 28, 2014). "Fourth Circuit strikes down Virginia ban on same-sex marriage" . The Volokh Conspiracy . Retrieved August 21, 2014 .

^ Graham, Chris (March 3, 2020). "Virginia ban on same-sex marriage, civil unions repealed" . Augusta Free Press . Retrieved March 7, 2020 .

^ "West Virginia begins issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples" . LGBTQ Nation . Retrieved October 14, 2014 .

^ "West Virginia gay-marriage ban "officially" dead" . San Diego Gay & Lesbian News. November 7, 2014 . Retrieved November 14, 2014 .

^ Johnson, Chris (September 4, 2014). "7th Circuit rules against marriage bans in Wisconsin, Indiana" . Washington Blade . Retrieved September 4, 2014 .

^ Bob Moen (October 21, 2014). "Wyoming Becomes Latest to Legalize Gay Marriage" . ABC News. Associated Press . Retrieved October 21, 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b Andy Coghlan (June 16, 2008). "Gay brains structured like those of the opposite sex" . New Scientist . Retrieved April 5, 2018 . "Statement on Marriage and the Family" . American Anthropological Association . Retrieved June 9, 2015 . Mary Ann Lamanna; Agnes Riedmann; Susan D Stewart (2014). Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society . Cengage Learning . p. 82. ISBN 978-1305176898 . Retrieved February 11, 2016 . [T]he APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice [...]. ( American Psychological Association , 2010). Pawelski, J. G.; Perrin, E. C.; Foy, J. M.; Allen, C. E.; Crawford, J. E.; Del Monte, M.; Kaufman, M.; Klein, J. D.; Smith, K.; Springer, S.; Tanner, J. L.; Vickers, D. L. (2006). "The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children" . Pediatrics . American Academy of Pediatrics . 118 (1): 349–364. doi : 10.1542/peds.2006-1279 . PMID 16818585 . Retrieved November 2, 2013 . American Medical Association , American Academy of Pediatrics , American Psychological Association , American Psychiatric Association , American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy , National Association of Social Workers , American Psychoanalytic Association , American Academy of Family Physicians ; et al. "Brief of [medical organizations] as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners" (PDF) . supremecourt.gov . Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019 . Retrieved April 5, 2018 . CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) Davis, Annie (October 22, 2017). "Children raised by same-sex parents do as well as their peers, study shows" . The Guardian . Retrieved March 28, 2018 . Bever, Lindsey (July 7, 2014). "Children of same-sex couples are happier and healthier than peers, research shows" . The Washington Post . Retrieved December 12, 2018 .

^ Michael Long (January 31, 2013). "Coretta's Big Dream: Coretta Scott King on Gay Rights" . HuffPost . Retrieved July 18, 2018 . Jeanne Theoharis (February 3, 2018). " ' I am not a symbol, I am an activist': the untold story of Coretta Scott King" . The Guardian . Retrieved July 18, 2018 .

^ Douglas Martin (June 18, 2007). "Mildred Loving, 40 Years Later" . The Atlantic . Retrieved March 11, 2015 . Douglas Martin (May 6, 2008). "Mildred Loving, Who Battled Ban on Mixed-Race Marriage, Dies at 68" . The New York Times . Retrieved July 14, 2018 .

^ Star-Ledger Editorial Board (December 9, 2009). "Gay marriage: NAACP chairman Julian Bond says gay rights are civil rights" . NJ.com . Retrieved December 12, 2018 . "Civil Rights Community Mourns Death Of Julian Bond" . NPR . August 17, 2015 . Retrieved December 12, 2018 .

^ "Georgia Congressman John Lewis reacts to gay marriage ruling" . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . June 26, 2015 . Retrieved December 12, 2018 . Office of Congressman John Lewis . "LGBT RIGHTS" . House.gov . Archived from the original on April 29, 2019 . Retrieved December 12, 2018 .

^ Human Rights Campaign website Archived February 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved November 1, 2010.

^ Mathabane, Gail (January 25, 2004). "Gays face same battle interracial couples fought" . USA Today . Retrieved May 23, 2010 .

^ "Comment
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