Iran where can I buy cocaine

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Iran where can I buy cocaine

A psychostimulant once used by Islamic State fighters to stay alert, Captagon has become the most in-demand narcotic in the region. Corruption at the highest levels of the Iraqi government have complicated efforts by Iraqi counter-narcotic authorities to stem the flow of drugs into the country. The drug war is just beginning in the Middle East. But already, Iraq is poised to become the next narco-state, with Iran the winner. On Feb. It may sound like a familiar story, but there are a couple of twists. First, this did not happen along the U. Rather, the raid took place at Haour Taala, a remote Lebanese village near the Syrian border. It was captagon, the drug of choice for smugglers in the Middle East. Police there intercept millions of pills every week. As Captagon has expanded to new markets, so too have the groups involved in trafficking the substance. The PMF brings together some 67 different armed factions, most of which have ideological and material ties to Iran. This status has allowed PMF members to provide cover for Captagon drug smugglers along the Syrian-Iraqi border while they are funded by the government in Baghdad. Their involvement in the trade has made Iraq a major market for Captagon. Between January and August , Iraqi counter-drug forces seized more than 14 million Captagon pills. In December, Jordanian authorities intercepted another 6 million pills at the Iraqi border. As Saudi Arabia and Jordan have tightened their border controls, smuggling across the porous Syrian-Iraqi border has increased. Complicity and corruption at the highest levels of the Iraqi government have complicated efforts by Iraqi counter-narcotic authorities to stem the flow of drugs into the country. In , Jawad Louay al-Yasseri, the son of the man who was at that time governor of Najaf province, was convicted of trafficking over 5. Four years later in , Al-Yasseri and the other two individuals involved were quietly granted a presidential pardon following a request by then Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Khadimi. A month later, the pardon was rescinded for further investigation. Widespread corruption, weak rule of law, porous borders, and ongoing Iranian interference create a perfect environment for drug smuggling. Since the s, the United States has been fighting its own war on drugs along the U. It has learned the hard lesson that as the drug trade becomes more lucrative, it becomes increasingly difficult to stop. The same holds true in the Middle East. Flush with cash, drug cartels tied to the Syrian regime and Iran will buy off more and more politicians, security forces, and other figures to secure drug routes and areas of control. Competition between different cartels to control the drug trade will lead to violence, leaving the Iraqi state and its people caught in the crossfire. Heritage Foundation Back to Top. Open Navigation Open Search. Political Thought American History. Big Tech. Government Regulation. Health Care Reform. Border Security. Budget and Spending. Global Politics. Middle East. Crime and Justice. Election Integrity. Gun Rights. The Constitution. Marriage and Family. Religious Liberty. International Economies. Markets and Finance. Captagon, the New Cocaine of the Middle East? Mar 24, 4 min read. Key Takeaways A psychostimulant once used by Islamic State fighters to stay alert, Captagon has become the most in-demand narcotic in the region. Subscribe to email updates. Follow us.

Cocaine trade

Iran where can I buy cocaine

And certainly long before it, Iran experimented—perhaps more than any other country—with a wide range of policies to respond to widespread drug use and poppy cultivation, alternating between permissive and very harsh policies. What is perhaps most surprising is how little the Iranian revolution actually changed drug policies in Iran. And while the revolution did have pronounced effects on international drug markets, they were, once again, actually less than meets the eye. Importantly, for example, poppy production was bound to go up in Afghanistan regardless. From the 19th century up to the revolution, drug policy in Iran oscillated widely, running the gamut from legalization to harsh prohibition. Iranian narratives blame British machinations. It was for those economic reasons that Iran was loath to control its opium exports to China and elsewhere even though it had signed a variety of international commitments to that effect in the early 20th century. Even as China specifically banned the imports of Persian opium in , Iran encouraged its farmers and businessmen to export it there. Meanwhile, in the early part of the 20th century, opium abuse in Iran also dramatically increased. Still, by the s, Iran was estimated to have some 1. In , the shah imposed a total ban on cultivation and outlawed the possession and sale of opium. In a country where many rural areas had no medical facilities of any kind and opium was widely used as a universal medicine, the policy also severely impacted a wide range of medicinal practices. The economic and social hardships were great, even though use and addiction did not subside. Users and addicts were imprisoned for longer and longer periods: In , even the possession of poppy seeds, such as on bread, was criminalized with up to three years of imprisonment. Prohibition was systematically undermined by widespread smuggling of opium and heroin from Afghanistan and Turkey—an inevitable outcome, as the ban did not end demand and no treatment facilities and programs were in place. Thus, when they lost drugs to interdiction operations, they often looted Iranian rural settlements and dragged off villagers into Afghanistan. Once again under a state monopoly, poppy cultivation swung back to 20, ha. Some , addicts, those deemed unable to quit because of age or other physical conditions, were given registration cards to obtain state-provided opium. At least , officially estimated users , however, did not end up on the registration list, and the actual addiction rate was believed much higher. A notorious chief justice of the Revolutionary Tribunals and simultaneously head of the Anti-Drugs Revolutionary Council, Sadeq Khalkhali, previously a minor cleric, sentenced to death at least drug dealers during his month reign in , along with the hundreds of others whom he had arbitrarily executed for imagined offenses with zero due process. The use of capital punishment for drug crimes intensified after , and some 10, people have received the death penalty for drug-related offenses since then. The revolution also ended domestic experimentation with legal cultivation of poppy. Opium and methadone maintenance were discontinued, but no other treatment for widespread addiction was available. And once again, outsiders moved to supply the intense demand for drugs. By then, Turkey had effectively legalized its opium production and prevented diversion into the illegal trade, with the United States committing itself to buy a substantial portion of such legal Turkish opium. So drug smuggling into Iran shifted to Pakistan. Critically, opiate production switched robustly to Afghanistan and—along with CIA money from the mids on—funded the mujahideen who fought the invading Soviet Army. To starve the mujahideen and deprive them of food and shelter among the population, the Soviet Army adopted a scorched-earth policy. In order to drive the rural population into cities which they controlled , the Soviets burned orchards and fields and destroyed water canals. The consequence was a significant increase in poppy cultivation: Simply no other crop could survive the harsh weather and lack of water and fertilizers. Unlike legal goods that needed to be processed, and depended on good roads and legal value-added chains and markets, harvested opium resin would not spoil. It was of little comfort to the Afghan people that the heroin production flourishing in the destroyed land also got the Soviet Army extensively addicted. The s Taliban policy of taking an already impoverished and devastated country back to the 9th century—with systematic destruction of administration and socio-economic facilities—had one key outcome: more and more poppy. It has remained the dominant supplier of illegal organic opiates since. Seventeen years of U. Despite the dramatic political developments in and a series of wide policy swings for over a century, drug use in Iran has remained remarkably stubborn. Prisons abound with users: In , 78, people were imprisoned in Iran on drug-related charges; in , the number was , In the mids, Iran and the United States shared a similar rate of imprisonment for drug users, some of the highest rates in the world. The revolution transformed the socio-political context: Alcohol was prohibited for all other than religious minorities, severe restrictions were imposed on social interaction among unrelated men and women, and few opportunities existed for personal self-fulfillment. These developments likely exacerbated drug use. Perhaps the most significant and detrimental effect of greater penalties and intensified efforts at supply control after the revolution has been the switch to hard drugs. Because it is compact and easier to hide, heroin is easier to smuggle than opium. Thus, although the rate of addiction in Iran may be half of what it was in the s, the severity of addiction and its associated effects worsened. The failures of harsh policies periodically resurrect reforms. Methadone maintenance came back into vogue , with some , receiving methadone in Such progressive reforms, however, weakened during the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad years, and treatment facilities and harm-reduction support systems are still hard to come by, particularly for women , while social stigma and fear of law enforcement persist. In January , Iran raised the amount of drugs in possession that triggers the death penalty from a mere 30 grams of heroin, morphine, and cocaine, and 5kg of cannabis and opium, to more than 50kg of opium, 2 kg of heroin, and 3 kg of crystal meth. The change allowed around 5, people on death row to have their cases reviewed , with the prospect of having their sentences commuted to imprisonment or fines. The death penalty for marijuana possession and trafficking has been completely eliminated. And in the spirit of marijuana-legalizing times, a proposal even sought to decriminalize opium and marijuana and introduce state-controlled cultivation. With Afghan opium poppy blooming on its doorstep and its own addiction unabating, Iran has sought to prevent trafficking into the country. Annually, it carries out some to armed interdiction operations. Around 4, Iranian police officers and border guards have lost their lives in counternarcotics operations. Amid growing insecurity in Afghanistan and many economic and governance challenges to legal economic development, those efforts fared as well—or poorly— as U. But even as Iran has devoted vast resources to supply control, suffered widespread addiction, and railed against Western failures to end poppy cultivation in Afghanistan, a variety of state and Iran-sponsored actors have been implicated in drug trafficking. The U. As Felbab-Brown learned during interviews in Iraq in December , Iranian-sponsored paramilitary groups in Iraq are alleged to smuggle heroin from Iran and captagon from Syria into Iraq. Foreign Policy. Sections Sections. Sign Up. Vanda Felbab-Brown and. Bradley S. Related Books Militants, Criminals, and Warlords. Iran Reconsidered. Related Content Another embassy under siege. Pakistan Another embassy under siege Madiha Afzal January 24, More On. The power of Mexican cartels: In Mexico and abroad.

Iran where can I buy cocaine