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Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Chile is an origin, transit and destination country for human trafficking, primarily sexual and labour exploitation. Labour exploitation occurs in mining, agriculture, construction, street vending, hospitality, restaurants, the garment sector and domestic service, with most perpetrators being Chilean nationals. Notably, perpetrators are increasingly making use of the internet to lure victims and often use violence to intimidate bonded people. Dismantled networks show sophisticated levels of organization and differentiated roles, with international networks mainly involving people from Latin America targeting victims from Nepal, India, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador and China. The human smuggling market involves state actor facilitation, criminal networks with international coordination, and individuals facilitating entry through irregular border crossings. The Dominican Republic, China and Venezuela are major source countries for human smuggling into Chile, which is also a transit point to Argentina. However, the existence of 'coyotes' from border countries may indicate that these networks systematically smuggle people from other countries, with many of them perceiving Chile as their final destination. Chile is a major arms importer and a small arms exporter. Importantly, the routes and modalities used in illicit drug imports to Chile have been linked to arms trafficking. There are also indications of corruption, increases in crimes committed with firearms and groups selling arms from prisons. Law enforcement has been involved in the illicit selling of arms, sometimes reporting firearms as lost and then selling them to drug traffickers. The increase in demand for arms is directly related to an increase in the drug market and evident in an escalation of gun-related homicide rates in the country. Of the millions of licit and illicit arms in circulation, only a small number are registered with the General Office of National Mobilization. Even then, people with no criminal records are often paid by criminals to register arms and then report them lost or stolen. Illicit weapons have also been imported from Texas and Florida in the US, to Chile through shell companies, sometimes via the Port of Iquique. Most forests in Chile are privately owned, and opportunities for flora-related offences in the country are fairly limited. Nevertheless, as most flora crimes only result in administrative sanctions, illegal logging occurs in some areas. Perhaps more significantly, Chile is a source and destination country for the illicit trade in exotic fauna such as birds, monkeys and reptiles. A clandestine market operates where large sums are paid for exotic species, used locally as mascots or for their fur. It is likely that perpetrators are small criminal organizations with connections to source countries, mainly Brazil and Bolivia. With regard to non-renewable resource crimes, while limited, it is primarily illegal mining that is undertaken in the country. Few cases of heroin trade have been detected in Chile, mostly involving independent actors attempting to import heroin or move the drug internally. Some heroin is imported from Colombia, and there is evidence that the same mechanisms are used to import other drugs, namely cocaine. Chile has one of the highest prevalence rates of cocaine consumption in South America, and in addition to being a destination and transit country, it is also a major supplier of the controlled substances used in production. Notably, the clandestine laboratories used to dilute cocaine base have been disrupted in the country. The market involves criminal organizations with ties to foreign actors, prisons and clients. Furthermore, increasing violence related to the drug market is evident in shootings and homicides between local rival organizations. Arguably, drugs and arms are imported into the country in the same way. Chile is a major cannabis consumer in Latin America, and cannabis produced in the country mainly feeds domestic demand. Paraguay is the main cannabis distributor in the Americas, but Colombian 'creepy' cannabis, known for its high levels of Tetrahydrocannabinol THC , is also sold to upper and middle-class markets, Chile included. Cannabis is transported in part by small, primarily Colombian, criminal networks, and reportedly some cannabis shipments cross through Chile to Argentina. Meanwhile, Ecstasy and phenethylamine are the most imported synthetic substances. Synthetic drug imports originate in the Netherlands, Germany and Spain, as well as in Argentina and Colombia. Chile is also a transit country for synthetic drugs from Colombia. The market targets young adults, but the consumer base has expanded to encompass diverse socio-economic groups. Most seizures are associated with individual possession, but some cases of criminal organization involvement have been identified as well. Notably, synthetic drugs have been seized in prisons. Organized crime in Chile is largely characterized by loose criminal networks, mostly anonymous family clans, operating in marginalized neighbourhoods and involved in drug trafficking, contraband, human smuggling and trafficking. These networks are mostly territorial, use low levels of violence and coordinate their operations with foreign actors. Although the government claims these groups might play a role in ongoing protests, there is no evidence of them attempting to influence the democratic process. Mafia-style groups operating in Chile also include drug trafficking family networks and family clans with defined leadership, small to moderate membership and low levels of territorial control. However, some operate transnationally, coordinating arms, drug and contraband trafficking with foreign actors. Additionally, drug trafficking groups use prisoners to carry out operations. State officials have also been accused of involvement in arms and drug trafficking locally. Significantly, military equipment has been reported lost and allegedly transferred to criminal groups. Foreign actors, Colombian organizations in particular, are engaged in the illegal cannabis market in Chile. Besides local criminal actors collaborating with foreign groups, nationals from countries with strong historical migration flows into Chile have also allegedly been involved in human trafficking. After months of conflict, Chileans voted by referendum for the Constitution to be rewritten. Punitive measures are being implemented to combat organized crime, including the deployment of the army to fight drug trafficking and contraband. Anti-corruption institutions outside the government also proposed a similar agenda. Furthermore, authorities have uncovered one of the largest corruption operations in the Chilean police's history, in which officers ran a scam to increase their salaries. Nonetheless, corruption levels are perceived as fairly low in the country. Chile has signed most international treaties pertaining to organized crime, and it has extradition agreements with eighteen countries. Chile also engages well in international cooperation on anti-organized crime, evident in a number of successful police operations and seizures. In line with Chile's commitments abroad, a number of national laws target organized crime, including human trafficking and smuggling, drug trafficking, gun control and tax evasion. However, the legal framework needs fine-tuning in respect to non-renewable resources and flora crimes, as these are only penalized if there is some form of tax evasion, while illegal logging merely elicits an administrative penalty. Chile has one of the lowest regional rates of investment in the judicial system or judges per capita, but the judiciary is considered largely independent. However, prisons suffer overcrowding with reports indicating inmates have insufficient access to water and hygiene services, mainly attributed to the inexistence of a criminal enforcement law, corruption and insufficient infrastructure and investment. Although high homicide levels exist inside prisons, the system is not controlled by criminal groups. Meanwhile, the main security bodies in Chile are the Carabineros de Chile, the national militarized police force managed by the interior ministry, and the Chilean investigative police PDI , a civilian police force responsible for investigating crimes. Furthermore, the police have their own anti-drug and organized crime unit. Chile's law of intelligence allows police officers to address threats ranging from terrorism, organized crime, drug trafficking and the use of reserved funds without judicial authorization, but resulting information is inadmissible in court. The lack of information sharing between police forces, ANI and other organizations has been criticized, however, intelligence sharing with other countries appears effective. Chile shares borders with two major cocaine producers, Peru and Bolivia, as well as Argentina, an important transit and destination country for drug trafficking. The borders present many vulnerabilities, including numerous unauthorized border crossing points. Chile also has ports of significant size, vulnerable to trafficking, and the expansion of the Panama Canal has allowed for direct transit to the ports of Valparaiso, San Antonio, San Vicente and Coronel, contributing to the increased risk of trafficking flows. Chilean law encompasses terrorism financing and money laundering, and, importantly, cases have been successfully prosecuted under the legislation. In recent years, more crimes have been incorporated as part of anti-money laundering efforts, including the embezzlement of public funds, fraud against the treasury, fraud, contraband and illicit arms trafficking. The economic regulatory environment is moderately conducive to doing business, and the private sector plays an important role in the economy. Previously, the state launched a programme to promote small, micro and medium enterprises and improve access to international markets. Nevertheless, a bureaucratic and regulatory system makes it difficult for businesses to operate, with tax payments made more costly due to an increase in corporate income tax. However, starting a business has been made easier through online registration of closed corporations, and establishing an electronic platform that allows plaintiffs to file initial complaints online. Additionally, the country's secured transactions system has been improved through a unified collateral registry and a new legal framework for nonpossessory security interests, requiring more corporate disclosure and managing the approval of transactions between interested parties. Chile's Victims Support Programme assists victims of human smuggling and trafficking with centres in every region, while underage victims and witnesses can testify via pre-recorded interviews. Overall, the government has a fairly robust framework to provide support to victims of modern slavery. The government also created a civil society council to promote civil society participation in the elaboration of drug prevention and rehabilitation policies, plans and programmes, and a National Agreement for Public Safety was launched in , focusing on police reform, including non-state actor participation. Additionally, the PDI has created an environment brigade to promote prevention action against fauna and flora crimes. Chile has made efforts to promote press freedom, and coverage of police violence during political protests has been substantial. Although NGOs and opposition leaders frequently contribute to electronic media, concentrated media ownership and a lack of resources are continual challenges. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Santiago. Income group High income. Population 18,, Geography type Coastal. Criminal markets 4. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 4. Human smuggling 4. Arms trafficking 5. Flora crimes 4. Fauna crimes 4. Non-renewable resource crimes 2. Heroin trade 2. Cocaine trade 7. Cannabis trade 6. Synthetic drug trade 4. Criminal actors 4. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 4. Criminal networks 5. State-embedded actors 4. Foreign actors 5. Political leadership and governance 7. Government transparency and accountability 7. International cooperation 8. National policies and laws 6. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 6. Law enforcement 4. Territorial integrity 4. Anti-money laundering 6. Economic regulatory capacity 7. Victim and witness support 7. Prevention 6. Non-state actors 8. Analysis Download full profile english spanish. People Chile is an origin, transit and destination country for human trafficking, primarily sexual and labour exploitation. Trade Chile is a major arms importer and a small arms exporter. Environment Most forests in Chile are privately owned, and opportunities for flora-related offences in the country are fairly limited. Drugs Few cases of heroin trade have been detected in Chile, mostly involving independent actors attempting to import heroin or move the drug internally. Criminal Actors Organized crime in Chile is largely characterized by loose criminal networks, mostly anonymous family clans, operating in marginalized neighbourhoods and involved in drug trafficking, contraband, human smuggling and trafficking. Criminal justice and security Chile has one of the lowest regional rates of investment in the judicial system or judges per capita, but the judiciary is considered largely independent. Economic and financial environment Chilean law encompasses terrorism financing and money laundering, and, importantly, cases have been successfully prosecuted under the legislation. Civil society and social protection Chile's Victims Support Programme assists victims of human smuggling and trafficking with centres in every region, while underage victims and witnesses can testify via pre-recorded interviews. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The production, transport, storage and sale of goods that are fraudulently mislabeled or fraudulent imitations of registered brands. The illicit transport, handling and sale of excise consumer goods despite a ban or outside a legal market. Excludes oil and counterfeits. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Organized crime that results in a monetary loss via financial fraud, embezzlement, misuse of funds, tax evasion and abusive tax avoidance. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Chile is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. Victims include men, women, children and adolescents. They are exploited for sexual and labour purposes, particularly in the mining, agriculture, construction, street vending, hospitality, restaurant, garment and domestic service sectors. Human trafficking has been on the rise in recent years, with traffickers taking advantage of border openings and unauthorized crossings to smuggle people into Chile under false pretences. Currently the government investigates and prosecutes few traffickers, and judges often suspend or commute sentences of less than five years, even for serious human-trafficking cases. In addition to human trafficking, Chile is also facing an increasing problem with human smuggling. Criminal networks with international ties are operating in the country, using various methods to bring individuals into Chile, including unauthorized border crossings, fake travel agencies and leased flights. Domestic actors profit substantially from these markets, making it difficult to combat the problem effectively. The COVID pandemic and migration crisis have only worsened the situation, particularly for vulnerable populations such as Venezuelans, Peruvians and Haitians. Extortion and protection racketeering is particularly prevalent in relation to drug trafficking in Chile. Narco-extortion, in which gangs kidnap members of rival gangs or their relatives for money or drugs, is a common tactic. Extortion complaints have declined in recent years, but protection racketeering still occurs in prisons, where older or more dangerous inmates demand money from the families of new inmates in exchange for protection. Additionally, criminal gangs involved in drug trafficking threaten legal businesses in border regions for protection, which is a growing concern due to the expansion in the cocaine trade and human smuggling. Chile both imports and exports small arms. The country has seen a rise in the confiscation of illegal or unregistered weapons, indicating potential corruption and an increase in firearm-related crime. Criminals in Chile favour pistols, revolvers and shotguns, with a growing trend towards the use of modified blank guns. While Chile is not a hotbed of arms trafficking compared to other Latin American countries, it has experienced a recent surge in such activity. The primary crimes associated with weapon seizures are illegal possession of firearms and drug trafficking. Illicit arms are often imported from the US specifically Texas and Florida through shell companies. Due to its proximity to the triple border of Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil, Iquique has become a route for arms trafficking into neighbouring countries with major organized-crime problems. The bulk of counterfeit clothing discovered in port inspections in Chile originates from China. Additionally, there has been a rise in counterfeit brands being sold in the country, partly due to the Venezuelan diaspora. As Chile has one of the lowest ratios of customs officers in the world, it is challenging to monitor all counterfeit products entering the country. Moreover, the illegal trade of excise goods, particularly cigarettes, is a growing issue in Chile. Contraband cigarettes are smuggled into the country by sea from China and India and by land from Bolivia and Peru. Despite the considerable number of contraband cigarettes seized in , the market continues to expand in the country. Northern regions are particularly affected by the illicit trade in these products. Illegal logging is a notable concern in some parts of Chile, where evidence shows that it has resulted in the depletion of thousands of hectares of native forests in recent years. The main causes of deforestation include real-estate expansion, agriculture and cattle ranching, and paper pulp production using exotic trees. The underfunded regulation agency has also been accused of colluding with economic groups. Furthermore, the narrow legislative definition of forests means that any land without a specific number of hectares of tree cover can be used for economic activities, effectively turning environmental crimes into legal activities in Chile. Although national authorities claim that wildlife trafficking is not common, it remains a problem. While the COVID pandemic and economic crisis have reduced wildlife trafficking, recent seizures and the number of rescued animals requiring rehabilitation indicate a worrying trend. Demand for birds, which are easier to hide, is the main driver of illegal trade in exotic animals. The animals are smuggled into the country through unauthorized passages and hidden in various ways, often subjected to physical abuse when taken across borders illegally. The market for illegal trade in exotic animals is lucrative and is an incentive for small criminal organizations with connections in source countries, mainly Brazil and Bolivia. Lax sanctions for these crimes do not deter criminals from engaging in them. In Chile, most mineral resources are owned and controlled by the state, and only a few criminal activities are known, mainly when licensed companies fail to comply with regulations, especially when polluting water. However, illegal gold smuggling into Chile continues, mainly from Peru, where illegal mining is prevalent. Smuggled gold is intended to be laundered and illegally exported to third-party countries, such as the United Arab Emirates. The market for heroin in Chile remains small, with few cases of heroin trade being detected. However, there is evidence that the same mechanisms used to import other drugs are used to import heroin from other countries. In fact, Chile is one of the top markets for cocaine consumption in Latin America. The porosity of the borders with Bolivia and Peru, scarce state and police control, and the extensive Chilean coasts allow drug traffickers easy access. Additionally, cocaine shipments destined for Europe, the US, Oceania and Asia are re-exported through non-traditional ports along the Chilean coastline. Chile is also a major supplier of controlled substances, such as potassium permanganate, used in cocaine production. Chile has one of the highest rates of marijuana consumption in Latin America. In recent years, locally produced marijuana with a higher THC content has been replacing Paraguayan imports due to a reduction in drug supply during social protests and the COVID pandemic. Despite the rise in seizures, domestic demand for cannabis remains high, with the value of the market being among the highest of the criminal markets. The synthetic drug trade in Chile mainly comes from European countries, such as the Netherlands, Germany and Spain, but also from Argentina and Colombia. The target demographic for these drugs is young adults, mainly at electronic music parties. While initially sold to people of high socioeconomic status, adulterations of the drugs have allowed the substance to reach a much more diverse group of customers. The synthetic drug trade in Chile has not been associated with violence or clear evidence of criminal networks, with most seizures involving individuals possessing or transporting the drug independently. Chile has recently experienced a surge in cybercrime, with millions of cyber-attack attempts occurring in recent years. However, the country has also become more aware of cyber-security, with a growing culture of awareness among both enterprises and individuals. As a result, Chile is now the country in South America least likely to experience a cyber-attack and is considered moderately resilient in terms of cyber-security. Despite this progress, experts warn that Chile remains a vulnerable country due to its growing digital development. Chile has experienced a surge in financial crimes, including Ponzi schemes and tax evasion. These schemes offer unreal profitability percentages under the guise of social work. To address financial crime, the Chilean government has introduced measures to increase the responsibility of companies in preventing these crimes. Despite efforts the country remains vulnerable to financial crime due to the high profitability and low risk of detection associated with such crimes. Determining the number of mafia-style groups operating in Chile is challenging as many remain anonymous until they are brought to justice. Local drug-trafficking family networks differ from traditional mafia-style groups, and the country does not have any major mafia gangs with high levels of organization and membership compared to its neighbouring countries. However, Chile has seen a surge in violence by smaller groups forming to control local drug trafficking, posing more challenges for the authorities in the future. In fact, organized crime in Chile consists mostly of decentralized criminal networks operating in marginalized areas. These networks are expanding in the northern regions, with growing involvement in other illicit markets due to the migration crisis on the border. Mexican and Colombian cartels have identified Chile as a good market for drugs and an alternative country for shipments to Europe. Mexican cartels have started constructing facilities for the cultivation of highly concentrated THC cannabis. Venezuelan mafia groups are obstructing the smuggling of individuals into Chile and have been reported to charge them a toll to use the illegal crossing to Colchane, killing those who refuse. Private-sector actors are mostly involved in money-laundering activities, forming front, shell and paper companies. The financial products most commonly used for laundering money are cash, bank accounts and wire transfers. The most vulnerable businesses in the money-laundering process are notaries, automobile companies, legal accounting services, retailers, e-commerce merchants, banks, real estate agencies and exchange houses. Some police officers collaborate with criminal groups in drug trafficking, robbery and other criminal activities, and some prison guards have been involved in corruption and drug trafficking. Nevertheless, there is no evidence suggesting that state-embedded criminal actors dominate criminal economies or influence democratic processes in Chile. The Chilean government has demonstrated its willingness to combat organized crime and illegal activities over the past two decades, despite recent surge in homicides and rising levels of insecurity. Although protests have exposed massive discrepancies between the political establishment and the economic situation in the country, Chile ranks among the best-positioned countries in Latin America in terms of corruption and governability. However, the rejection of its new constitution has shown an increasingly polarized country and a divided government. The Chilean government provides moderate access to information, however, there has been little significant progress in this area in recent years. This stagnation, combined with corruption scandals and citizen dissatisfaction with the political establishment, has led to a sense of disillusionment among the population. Chile has signed all international treaties related to organized crime and complies with its international obligations. Nevertheless, the current government has expressed the need to work with neighbouring countries to combat organized crime. Moreover, Chile has a range of legislation to combat organized crime, including laws on money laundering, terrorism, drug trafficking, gun control, corruption and human trafficking. New legislation has also been introduced to establish an effective legal framework against organized crime, including laws on cybercrime and migration. Although the judiciary is largely independent, it is seen as discriminatory in terms of access, and most of the population evaluates its performance as deficient. The hierarchized pyramid structure of the judiciary, which is intertwined with networks of the executive and legislative power, endangers the correct intervention of sentences or procedural execution of the law. Inmates have replicated their criminal structures and established zones of hegemony inside prisons, allowing intra-prison trafficking to flourish and the drug business to expand from the prisons to the outside. While the Andes mountain range serves as a natural barrier with Argentina, the porous borders with Bolivia and Peru in the Atacama Desert are difficult to control, with numerous irregular border crossings identified. Criminal activities such as human smuggling and drug trafficking are particularly prevalent in the north, where Venezuelan and Bolivian mafias are believed to be in control. The northern ports of Chile are also attractive to criminal organizations as they offer access to the internal markets of Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. Despite efforts to control these activities, criminal markets continue to expand, leading to the implementation of states of exception and the involvement of the armed forces in public security functions. In terms of cyber-security, Chile has not suffered a major attack in recent years and is considered the safest country in Latin America in terms of such attacks, although improvements are still needed. The government has implemented measures such as the creation of the Financial Analysis Unit. It has also passed the Corporate Criminal Liability Law and imposed substantial fines to deter anti-money laundering activities. However, despite these efforts, there has been an increase in illicit financial flows into the country, particularly due to the rise of organized-crime groups that need to launder their gains from illegal activities. The primary source of these funds is drug trafficking. Another potential channel for money-laundering activities is unregulated online gambling. Legal accounting services, retailers and e-commerce merchants have been identified as the three sectors with the highest risk of money laundering. In terms of its macroeconomic policy framework, Chile has a strong foundation and boasts one of the highest GDPs per capita in the Americas. While recent tax policy changes have resulted in higher taxes, the country has made it easier to start a business by allowing online registration of closed corporations and introducing an e-system for filing complaints. Additionally, Chile has implemented a unified collateral registry and enhanced investor protections. However, complying with environmental regulations can be a lengthy and unpredictable process, which is a cause for concern. Chile has established several programmes and policies to provide support and protection to victims and witnesses of crimes, including human smuggling and trafficking. The victim support programme and the Regional Units for Victim and Witness Support provide orientation, support and protection to victims and witnesses during the criminal process. However, NGOs have reported inadequate funding for victim assistance, particularly for children and male victims, which hinders victim support efforts. Although there is a government inter-agency task force on trafficking that coordinates various agencies to aid victims, the provision of victim support services is uneven across the country. Chile has implemented various strategies to prevent and combat organized crime, including efforts to reduce poverty and extreme poverty and creating specific plans to address money laundering, human trafficking and smuggling, and drug trafficking. The National Plan against Drug Trafficking has resulted in increased drug seizures, but there is still no national policy against organized crime. The Chilean government has established a civil society council to involve civil society in drug consumption prevention and rehabilitation policies. Media coverage in Chile faces challenges due to concentrated media ownership and a lack of resources. Although mass media outlets are diverse, they are mostly owned by the same corporate groups, leading to limited pluralism and vulnerability for journalists who uncover corruption cases or report on conflicts between the state and Mapuche communities. Despite these challenges, Chile remains a stable democracy with plenty of legally registered NGOs and a highly active and involved civil society. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Santiago. Income group High income. Population 19,, Geography type Coastal. GINI Index Criminal markets 5. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 6. Human smuggling 5. Extortion and protection racketeering 4. Arms trafficking 6. Trade in counterfeit goods 6. Illicit trade in excisable goods 4. Flora crimes 4. Fauna crimes 5. Non-renewable resource crimes 3. Heroin trade 2. Cocaine trade 7. Cannabis trade 7. Synthetic drug trade 5. Cyber-dependent crimes 5. Financial crimes 4. Criminal actors 5. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 4. Criminal networks 6. State-embedded actors 5. Foreign actors 6. Private sector actors 5. Political leadership and governance 7. Government transparency and accountability 7. International cooperation 8. National policies and laws 6. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 5. Law enforcement 4. Territorial integrity 4. Anti-money laundering 6. Economic regulatory capacity 6. Victim and witness support 6. Prevention 6. Non-state actors 7. Analysis Download full profile english spanish. People Chile is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. Trade Chile both imports and exports small arms. Environment Illegal logging is a notable concern in some parts of Chile, where evidence shows that it has resulted in the depletion of thousands of hectares of native forests in recent years. Drugs The market for heroin in Chile remains small, with few cases of heroin trade being detected. Cyber Crimes Chile has recently experienced a surge in cybercrime, with millions of cyber-attack attempts occurring in recent years. Financial Crimes Chile has experienced a surge in financial crimes, including Ponzi schemes and tax evasion. Criminal Actors Determining the number of mafia-style groups operating in Chile is challenging as many remain anonymous until they are brought to justice. Leadership and governance The Chilean government has demonstrated its willingness to combat organized crime and illegal activities over the past two decades, despite recent surge in homicides and rising levels of insecurity. Civil society and social protection Chile has established several programmes and policies to provide support and protection to victims and witnesses of crimes, including human smuggling and trafficking. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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