Инвестиции в природный капитал

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Инвестиции в природный капитал

Natural capital - Wikipedia

Some natural capital assets provide people with free goods and services, often called ecosystem services. Two of these clean water and fertile soil underpin our economy and society, and thus make human life possible. It is an extension of the economic notion of capital resources which enable the production of more resources to goods and services provided by the natural environment. For example, a well-maintained forest or river may provide an indefinitely sustainable flow of new trees or fish, whereas over-use of those resources may lead to a permanent decline in timber availability or fish stocks. Natural capital also provides people with essential services, like water catchment , erosion control and crop pollination by insects, which in turn ensure the long-term viability of other natural resources. Since the continuous supply of services from the available natural capital assets is dependent upon a healthy, functioning environment, the structure and diversity of habitats and ecosystems are important components of natural capital. Schumacher in his book Small Is Beautiful \\\\\\\\\\\[7\\\\\\\\\\\] and was developed further by Herman Daly , Robert Costanza , and other founders of the science of Ecological Economics, as part of a comprehensive critique of the shortcomings of conventional economics. Thus, natural capital is essential to the sustainability of the economy. In a traditional economic analysis of the factors of production, natural capital would usually be classified as 'land' distinct from traditional 'capital. Moreover, natural capital yields benefits and goods, such as timber or food, which can be harvested by humans. These benefits are similar to those realized by owners of infrastructural capital which yields more goods, such as a factory that produces automobiles just as an apple tree produces apples. Ecologists are teaming up with economists to measure and express values of the wealth of ecosystems as a way of finding solutions to the biodiversity crisis. Within the international community the basic principle is not controversial, although much uncertainty exists over how best to value different aspects of ecological health, natural capital and ecosystem services. Full-cost accounting , triple bottom line, measuring well-being and other proposals for accounting reform often include suggestions to measure an 'ecological deficit' or 'natural deficit' alongside a social and financial deficit. It is difficult to measure such a deficit without some agreement on methods of valuation and auditing of at least the global forms of natural capital e. All uses of the term currently differentiate natural from man-made or infrastructural capital in some way. The concept of 'natural capital' has also been used by the Biosphere 2 project, and the Natural Capitalism economic model of Paul Hawken , Amory Lovins , and Hunter Lovins. In Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution \\\\\\\\\\\[21\\\\\\\\\\\] the author claims that the 'next industrial revolution' depends on the espousal of four central strategies: 'the conservation of resources through more effective manufacturing processes, the reuse of materials as found in natural systems, a change in values from quantity to quality, and investing in natural capital, or restoring and sustaining natural resources. The Protocol harmonises existing tools and methodologies, and guides organisations towards the information they need to make strategic and operational decisions that include impacts and dependencies on natural capital. The Protocol was developed in a unique collaboration between 38 organisations who signed voluntary, pre-competitive contracts. Environmental-economic accounts provide the conceptual framework for integrated statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy, including the impacts of the economy on the environment and the contribution of the environment to the economy. A coherent set of indicators and descriptive statistics can be derived from the accounts that inform a wide range of policies. The System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting SEEA contains the internationally agreed standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for producing internationally comparable statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. Whilst measuring the components of natural capital in any region is a relatively straightforward process, both the task and the rationale of putting a monetary valuation on them, or on the value of the goods and services they freely give us, has proved more contentious. These figures, ladies and gentlemen, are marmalade. They are finely shredded, boiled to a pulp, heavily sweetened In other words they are total gibberish. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Boulding E. Related topics. Global biogeochemical cycles critical for life. Nitrogen cycle. Carbon cycle. Oxygen cycle. Phosphorus cycle. Environment portal Ecology portal Earth sciences portal. ISSN Retrieved 5 January Archived from the original on World Forum on Natural Capital. Retrieved 31 December Natural Capital Coalition. Archived from the original on 2 June UK National Ecosystem Assessment. F March Conservation Biology. Lucie Press. Ecological Economics. ISBN Biological Conservation. Conservation Letters. Archived from the original PDF on Retrieved Soil and Tillage Research. Biology Letters. PMC PMID Bibcode : Natur. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. JSTOR Retrieved April Archived from the original on 8 December Yale University. We must stop this neoliberal road to ruin'. The Guardian. Natural Capital Committee. Archived from the original on 13 January Types of capital. Liquid short vs. Patient long. Constant Variable Fictitious. Monopoly Financial capital. Natural resources. Arable peak farmland Degradation Landscape cityscape seascape soundscape viewshed Law property Management habitat conservation Minerals mining law sand peak rights Soil conservation fertility health resilience Use planning reserve. Aquifer storage and recovery Drinking Fresh Groundwater pollution recharge remediation Hydrosphere Ice bergs glacial polar Irrigation huerta Rain harvesting Stormwater Surface water Wastewater reclaimed Watershed. Commons enclosure global land tragedy of Economics ecological land Ecosystem services Exploitation overexploitation Earth Overshoot Day Management adaptive Natural capital accounting Natural heritage Nature reserve Systems ecology Urban ecology Wilderness. Environmental social science. Ecological anthropology Ecological economics Environmental anthropology Environmental crime Environmental economics Environmental communication Environmental history Environmental politics Environmental psychology Environmental sociology Human ecology Human geography Political ecology Regional science. Agroecology Anthrozoology Behavioral geography Community studies Demography Design ecological environmental Ecological humanities Economics energy thermo Environmental education ethics law science studies Ethnobiology botany ecology zoology Forestry Industrial ecology Integrated geography Permaculture Rural sociology Science, technology and society science studies Sustainability science studies Systems ecology Urban ecology geography metabolism studies. Architecture landscape sustainable Ecopsychology Engineering ecological environmental Green criminology Health environmental epidemiology occupational public Management environmental fisheries forest natural resource waste Planning environmental land use regional spatial urban Policy energy environmental. Categories : Capital economics Natural resources Ecological economics Environmental social science concepts. Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from January Articles with permanently dead external links Commons category link is on Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Part of a series on. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Natural capital.

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