Interview with the Joint Doctor
Interview with the Joint DoctorInterview with the Joint Doctor
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Hear a Patient Power interview with Dr. Ma discusses the differences between arthroscopic and traditional surgery. So many of us, whether we are athletes or just getting older, we can have shoulder problems, knee problems, hip problems, elbow problems, wrist problems. You name it, we have joints that can hurt. Traditionally, there has been rehabilitation and there could be surgery. Well there are new ways of doing surgeries that you can recover from much more quickly, and it is not just for the big name athletes. So to help us understand arthroscopic surgeries and joint repair, state of the art, is Dr. Ma, thank you for joining us. I think most of us who take care of athletes would say that we take care of a lot of weekend warriors, high school seniors and also active individuals. It is not limited to high-profile athletes for the surgery we do. You know, we are living through the era of the baby boomers. We call it the 'boomeritis. I imagine if you want to run the Bay to Breakers as I saw recently, then right, maybe one of these surgeries could help. When we say arthroscopic surgery what do we mean versus the traditional open surgery? Arthroscopic surgery means that we do the surgery with the assistance of an arthroscope. An arthroscope means there is a camera that we actually put into a joint, which allows us to kind of visualize the joint in a more magnified manner using minimally invasive techniques. Also, you create less damage or injury to the joint. With arthroscopic surgery you can bypass the splitting or cutting of the muscle. You just go directly in there, minimally invasively, and then do the work you need to do. You can really avoid creating more problems while fixing the injury. So, with open surgery, the recovery might take how long versus arthroscopic? Now I know it is going to vary by procedures, so give us an example. For example, an arthroscopic meniscectomy in which we talk the meniscus out, as a surgery it takes us about 15 to 20 minutes to do. If we do it arthroscopically you could actually be back on your feet in about a day or two and walk back to the office in about a week. Whereas with an open surgery, we traditionally did about 20 or 30 years ago, it requires an open incision. Cutting the meniscus out, you would be on crutches for about two to three weeks, and it would be about a month before you could be back doing most activities. Wow, help us understand the kind of procedures you could do. Just take us through the joints. So take in the shoulder I think of the rotator cuff or what are some of the other surgeries that you might do where you can do it through the arthroscope? Shoulder is one of the most advanced joint arthroscopies that we have developed over the past 20 years or so. We could do rotator cuff surgery arthroscopically. We could do stabilization surgery for dislocation arthroscopically. We could take care of a lot of labral tears, which like the pitchers or the swimmers or the volleyball players get. We could also use arthroscopic technique to fix ligament tears. For example the AC joint separation or separated shoulder, which we traditionally fix with a screw or an open incision, now we can do it arthroscopically assisted. So shoulder I would say, aside from a shoulder replacement, most surgeries we can achieve doing the arthroscopic technique unless it is for some of the very complicated or difficult cases. Knee surgery is another joint that we actually have had a lot of development in meniscus surgery, ACL or ligament reconstructions, and arthroscopic cartilage repair. I think those are all the developments that have happened over the past 15 years or so. You know wrists we can do arthroscopic debridement of the ligaments within the joint itself. With the elbow we could take loose bodies out. We can actually take care of some of the cartilage problems within the elbow joint, and we could also take care of some of the arthritic problems. For example when people develop arthritis in the elbow and they get stiffness, traditionally we make this big incision and take out osteophytes and open up the joint. We can now do them arthroscopically to really open up the joint without making big incisions. Ma hundreds of thousands of people as they get older typically end up having hip replacement surgery; either the whole hip or part of the hip or there are even ads on TV. All of us would like to not get to that point. Is there any arthroscopic approach that you are looking at now that might either stave that off or maybe alleviate the need for a whole hip replacement surgery? One of the reasons for developing a hip arthritis is when you actually develop abnormal biomechanics to the hip in a sense that you develop this spur in the hip, and this spur subsequently creates more problems with cartilage where abnormal mechanics and the joints start to deteriorate. We actually found out that as high as even 70 to 80 percent of the people that have end stage, or bad, bad arthritis of the hip; the cause is actually because of this spur. So now we actually have the ability to use arthroscopic to remove this spur ahead of time so that they halt the process or slow down the process of hip degeneration. So we may see a lot of interest in terms of developing screening to look at people before they develop bad, bad arthritis and need a hip replacement. We could do this more minimally invasive surgery to enable them to use the hip for a longer period of time and remain more symptom-free. Ma you make it sound easy, as you have rattled off all these procedures you do, but I know that UCSF is highly regarded in this. Well you know a team consists of multiple personnel to make it work. Of course you have to have the surgeon that is technically gifted to do it. We have specialists in hip, shoulder, knee, elbow, wrist and ankle arthroscopy here at UCSF. We also need to have nurses that are very comfortable with the equipment, which is difficult to train because of the ever-changing field and instruments we have. So we have a good team of nurses and technicians that help us all the time. The other important facet of it is anesthesiology because these tend to be young patients. They want to be back on their feet very quickly. So we have good regional anesthesiologists. These are folks that actually are very well trained to deal with these athletes and also do regional anesthesia that can provide the best optimal condition for us to do the operation. So there I am, a weekend athlete, and I develop one of these problems. I guess I can go to UCSF with a great deal of confidence because certainly there are professional athletes who go there whose career is on the line looking for a shoulder repair or a knee repair and I know those same skills on your team will be brought to bear for me. I think that we take care of professional athletes or weekend warriors or even folks that want to continue to stay active. So the teams certainly have the ability to take care of people with different types of backgrounds. The majority of the patients we take care of actually are the weekend warriors because those are the most common people we see that are still staying very active. I would say I would encourage everyone to stay active because what it does is that it prevents you from having other types of diseases like heart problems, lung problems, and we want everyone to stay active as much as possible. Yes, I think to a certain degree that is true, but I also tell people that injuries happen because it is either over-used or you have trauma to it and every time you add injury to it, the joint is not perfectly normal. It is not going to be exactly what it was before and to be cautious about using the joint. So functionally we can get patients back to a very high level of activity, but also deep down we want them to careful not to be very cavalier about jumping off that 60 foot cliff again to hurt themselves because repeated injuries can be very tough on the joint to recover. Okay, so if I see you once then I know I may have to give up my career as an extreme skier, right? So it must be very satisfying though in that what you can do now arthroscopically you allow people to stay very active. I think the team here really thrives on each other. We are dealing with a lot of happy patients because they are motivated to get better, and this is the population we want to take care of. Certainly if someone is facing a joint surgery, it sounds like they should really have a discussion with their surgeon, maybe get a second opinion, maybe even a third. I would say visit UCSF for sure to see can it be done arthroscopically. Yes, I think the arthroscopic approach is one technique that can actually help patients to have a faster recovery, and I think in terms of going to the surgery, is the relationship that you have with your physician. Benjamin Ma, chief of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, thank you for explaining arthroscopic surgeries and joint repair for us. We really appreciate it. Our discussions are not a substitute for seeking medical advice or care from your own doctor. This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or health care provider. We encourage you to discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have. Sports Medicine Center Owens St. San Francisco, CA Appointments: Call us at UCSF or browse our directory. University of California San Francisco. MyChart Find a Doctor. Arthroscopic Surgery and Joint Repair.
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