✅ The competing risks model encompasses the situation where a subject or unit is exposed to multiple causes of failures and ➕ a failure can 🥫 be caused by one 1️⃣ of the multiple risks. When a failure occurs, procedures are exploited in an attempt to attain a definitive cause of failure. However, if the cause of failure for a subject or unit is not ❌️ precisely defined, it can 🥫 be narrowed down ⬇️ to a subset of the potential risks and ➕ this phenomenon is called 📞 masking 😷. In the context of biomedical applications, statistical inferences and ➕ methods for the competing risks with and ➕ without masking 😷 are discussed.
