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MedGen UID: 141047 • Concept ID: C0443147 • Genetic Function; Intellectual Product
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. [from HPO ]
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Autosomal dominant; Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal dominant inheritance (263681008); Autosomal dominant (263681008); AD - Autosomal dominant (263681008)
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One of the ways a genetic trait or a genetic condition can be inherited. In autosomal dominant inheritance, a genetic condition occurs when a variant is present in only one allele (copy) of a given gene.
Autosomal dominant inheritance is a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child. One copy of a mutated (changed) gene from one parent can cause the genetic condition. A child who has a parent with the mutated gene has a 50% chance of inheriting that mutated gene. Men and women are equally likely to have these mutations and sons and daughters are equally likely to inherit them.
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When a disease or condition runs in families, it is called an inherited disease. You
inherit a disease through your genes. Genes are the tiny blueprints your body uses
for making proteins. Proteins are substances your body needs to develop and work the
way it should.
Most genes come in pairs. You inherit 1 half of the pair from your mother and the
other half from your father. A mutation is a change in a gene that makes it different
from the copy you got from your parents. A mutation can cause a disease or condition.
Or it can cause no problems at all.
Each gene tells your body to work in a certain way. Often genes work together. Sometimes
a single gene pair tells your body what to do. Sometimes you need both genes in a
pair to be exactly the same to have something happen. This is called autosomal recessive
inheritance.
Your genes are grouped together on structures called chromosomes. You have 23 pairs
of chromosomes. One of these 23 pairs of chromosomes is called the sex chromosomes.
This pair determines if you are female or male.
Autosomal inheritance of a gene means that the gene is located on 1 of the 22 other
pairs of chromosomes. This means that boys and girls (or men and women) are equally
likely to have the gene. Recessive means that you must inherit both copies of the
changed gene in order for you to have the trait. If you have only 1 copy of the recessive
gene, you won’t have the trait or the disease. Instead you will be a carrier for the
trait or disease. But you won’t be able to tell that you are a carrier without a genetic
test.
Most people don’t know they have a change to a recessive gene for a disease until
they have a child with the disease. Or they may find out if they have a brother or
a sister with an inherited disease and learn they are a carrier for that disease (1
changed copy of the gene). Once the same parents have had a child with a recessive
disease, they have a 1 in 4 chance of having another child with the same disease.
This is true for every child born after that first child. Their other children have
a 2 in 4 chance of being a carrier of the recessive gene.
The birth of a child with a recessive condition is often a total surprise to a family.
This is because, in most cases, the parents had no family history of the condition.
Your healthcare provider may ask you about more distant relatives who might have had
similar conditions in the past.
Experts estimate that all people carry at least one recessive gene that could cause
genetic diseases or conditions. But the only way you’ll know that you have the gene
is if you have a child with a partner who has the same copy of the gene. Even then,
your child may not have the disease (because of the 1-in-4 chance).
Mutations in certain genes have happened over time in different parts of the world.
Certain ethnic groups are more likely to carry certain recessive gene mutations, because
of where the mutation started. For instance, people of African descent are more likely
to have sickle cell disease. Cystic fibrosis is more common in white people.
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