Ii Latin

🔞 ALL INFORMATION CLICK HERE 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻

Ii Latin
Opens in a new window Opens an external website Opens an external website in a new window
This website stores data such as cookies to enable essential site functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. By remaining on this website you indicate your consent. Privacy Policy





Secondary





Login


Support










Catalog >

Courses >
World Languages >

Latin II


Prerequisites
Latin I, MS Latin 2, or equivalent


Length
Two Semesters





Footer menu





Catalog


EdChats


Support


Blog


About Us


News


Careers


Culturally Responsive Curriculum











Sales Inquiries







Connect with an Apex Learning expert to explore ways we could collaborate to support the needs of your students.





Let's Connect!




Students continue with their study of Latin through ancient, time-honored, classical language approaches which include repetition, parsing, written composition, and listening exercises. These techniques, combined with a modern multimedia approach to learning grammar, syntax, and vocabulary, prepare students for a deeper study of Latin. Each unit consists of a new vocabulary theme and grammar concept, reading comprehension activities, writing activities, multimedia culture, history, and mythology presentations, and interactive activities and practices which reinforce vocabulary and grammar. The emphasis is on reading Latin through engaging with myths from the ancient world which are presented in Latin. The curriculum concurs with the Cambridge school of Latin; therefore, students will learn ancient high classical styles of pronunciation and grammar in lieu of generally less sophisticated medieval styles, making it possible for students to comprehend the most Latin from the widest range of time periods. Students should expect to be actively engaged in their own language learning, understand and use common vocabulary terms and phrases, comprehend a wide range of grammar patterns, understand and analyze the cultural and historical contexts of the ancient sources they study, and take frequent assessments where their language progression can be monitored.

This course is built to national standards as set forth by ACTFL (the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages).
This course has required materials. For more information, see the ALVS Course Materials List .
Our mission is to make a difference in education.
2150 Lakeside Blvd
Suite 200
Richardson, TX 75082
5600 West 83rd Street
Suite 300, 8200 Tower
Bloomington, MN 55437
Copyright© 2021 Apex Learning Inc. Apex Learning®, the Apex Learning logo, ClassTools®, ClassTools Achieve®, ClassTools Virtual™, Literacy Advantage® and where opportunity thrives™ are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Apex Learning Inc. Advanced Placement®, AP®, SAT®, and ACCUPLACER® are registered trademarks and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse this product. TASC Test Assessing Secondary Completion™ is a trademark of Data Recognition Corporation|CTB. HiSET® is a trademark of ETS®. Suite360™ is a trademark of Evolution Labs.
Please note that our Privacy Policy has changed. Click here to learn more.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about numerical figures and expressions in Latin. For Roman numerical figures (for example II, XIX), see Roman numerals .


^ Livy, 1.35.1.

^ Caesar, 1.10.4

^ Definitions from Lewis and Short A Latin Dictionary .

^ Cicero, Att. 11.17

^ Caesar, B.C. 3.9

^ Livy, 36.3

^ Livy, 22.54

^ Jump up to: a b c Lewis & Short, Latin Dictionary .

^ Allen & Greenough (1903), New Latin Grammar , §137.

^ C. G. Zumpt, "A Grammar of the Latin Language", 4th edition, 1836, translated by John Kenrick, p. 73

^ Pliny, Letters , 6.33.2.

^ e.g. Matt. 20' cf. Matt. 22.

^ Plautus, Amphitruo 575

^ Livy, 29.19.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Manu Leumann, Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre , Reprint of the 5th ed. from 1926–1928, München 1977, §§ 163b/376/378.

^ Jump up to: a b c Alexander Falileyev, Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh , Tübingen 2000, pp. 49 /150/154.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Paul Georg Band, Zahlwörter im Sprachenvergleich. Ein Streifzug in die Geschichte der indogermanischen Sprachen an Hand ihrer Zahlwörter , Wien 1998, p. 12 f.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Gerhard Meiser, Historische Laut- und Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache , Darmstadt 1998, §§ 72.2/88/116.


The Latin numerals are the words used to denote numbers within the Latin language. They are essentially based on their Proto-Indo-European ancestors, and the Latin cardinal numbers are largely sustained in the Romance languages . In Antiquity and during the Middle Ages they were usually represented by Roman numerals in writing.

Latin numeral roots are used frequently in modern English, particularly in the names of large numbers .

The Latin language had several sets of number words used for various purposes. Some of those sets are shown in the tables below.

The cardinal numerals are the ordinary numbers used for counting ordinary nouns ('one', 'two', 'three' and so on):

The conjunction et between numerals can be omitted: vīgintī ūnus, centum ūnus . Et is not used when there are more than two words in a compound numeral: centum trīgintā quattuor . The word order in the numerals from 21 to 99 may be inverted: ūnus et vīgintī . Numbers ending in 8 or 9 are usually named in subtractive manner: duodētrīgintā, ūndēquadrāgintā . Numbers may either precede or follow their noun (see Latin word order ).

Most numbers are invariable and do not change their endings:

However, the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 200, 300, etc. change their endings for gender and grammatical case. Ūnus 'one' declines like a pronoun and has genitive ūnīus (or ūnius ) and dative ūnī :

The first three numbers have masculine, feminine and neuter forms fully declined as follows (click on GL or Wh to change the table to the American order as found in Gildersleeve and Lodge, or Wheelock):

Mīlle '1000' is indeclinable in the singular but variable in the plural:

When it is plural, the noun it refers to is put in the genitive case:

Mīlle passūs '1000 paces' (plural mīlia passuum ) is the Latin for a mile:

When the number is plural, the genitive passuum is sometimes omitted:

Ordinal numerals all decline like normal first- and second-declension adjectives. When declining two-word ordinals (thirteenth onwards), both words decline to match in gender, number and case.

Note: secundus only means 'second' in the sense of 'following'. The adjective alter, altera, alterum meaning 'other [of two]' was more frequently used in many instances where English would use 'second'.

Ordinal numbers, not cardinal numbers, are commonly used to represent dates, because they are in the format of 'in the tenth year of Caesar', etc. which also carried over into the anno Domini system and Christian dating, e.g. annō post Chrīstum nātum centēsimō for AD 100.

Based on the ordinary ordinals is another series of adjectives: prīmārius 'of the first rank', secundārius 'of the second class, of inferior quality', tertiārius 'containing a third part', quārtārius 'a quarter, fourth part', quīntārius 'containing five parts', 'five-sixths', sextārius 'a one-sixth part of a congius , 'pint', and so on. [3]

Certain nouns in Latin were plurālia tantum , i.e. nouns that were plural but which had a singular meaning, for example litterae 'a letter', castra 'a camp', catēnae 'a set of chains', vestīmenta '(a set of) clothes', hibernae 'winter quarters', nūptiae 'wedding', quadrīgae ' quadriga ' etc. A special series of numeral adjectives was used for counting these, namely ūnī , bīnī , trīnī , quadrīnī , quīnī , sēnī , and so on. Thus Roman authors would write: ūnae litterae 'one letter', trīnae litterae 'three letters', quīna castra 'five camps', etc.

Except for the numbers 1, 3, and 4 and their compounds, the plurale tantum numerals are identical with the distributive numerals (see below).

Another set of numeral adjectives, similar to the above but differing in the adjectives for 1, 3, and 4, were the distributive numerals: singulī , bīnī , ternī , quaternī , quīnī , sēnī , and so on. The meaning of these is 'one each', 'two each' (or 'in pairs') and so on, for example

The word singulī is always plural in this sense in the classical period. [8]

The distributive numerals are also used for multiplying: [9]

In numbers 13 to 19, the order may be inverted, e.g. dēnī ternī instead of ternī dēnī . [10]

Based on the distributive numerals are derived a series of adjectives ending in -ārius : singulārius 'unique', 'extraordinary', 'of one part', 'singular', bīnārius 'of two parts', ternārius 'of three parts', quaternārius 'of four parts', and so on.

Often these adjectives specify the size or weight of something. The usual meaning is 'of so many units', the units being feet, inches, men, pounds, coins, or years, according to context:

They can also be used for specifying age:

Some of these words have a specialised meaning. The sēnārius was a kind of metre consisting of six iambic feet commonly used in spoken dialogue in Roman comedy. There were also metres called the septēnārius and octōnārius (see Metres of Roman comedy ).

The dēnārius was a silver coin originally worth ten assēs (but later sixteen assēs ); but there was also a gold dēnārius , mentioned by Pliny the Elder and Petronius, worth 25 silver dēnāriī . The silver dēnārius is often mentioned in the New Testament, and was stated to be the day's pay in the parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard . [12]

Adverbial numerals are (as the name states) indeclinable adverbs, but because all of the other numeral constructions are adjectives, they are listed here with them. Adverbial numerals give how many times a thing happened. semel 'once', bis 'twice', ter 'thrice, three times', quater 'four times', and so on.

The suffix -iēns may also be spelled -iēs : quinquiēs , sexiēs , etc.

Multiplicative numerals are declinable adjectives. simplex 'single', duplex 'double', triplex 'treble', quadruplex 'fourfold', and so on.

These numerals decline as 3rd declension adjectives:

For completeness all the numbers have been given above. Not all of these numerals are attested in ancient books, however.

Based on this series of numerals there is a series of adverbs: simpliciter 'simply, frankly', dupliciter 'doubly, ambiguously', tripliciter 'in three different ways' etc., as well as verbs such as duplicāre 'to double', triplicāre 'to triple', quadruplicāre 'to make four times as much', and so on. [8]

Proportional numerals are declinable adjectives. simplus 'simple', duplus 'twice as great', triplus 'thrice as great', quadruplus 'four times as great', and so on.

These are often used as nouns: simplum 'the simple sum', duplum 'double the amount of money' and so on. [8]

The numeral ūnus < Old Latin oinos ‘one’, with its cognates Old Irish óen ‘one’, Gothic ains ‘one’, Ancient Greek οἴνη oínē ‘ ace on dice’, and the first part of Old Church Slavonic inorogŭ ‘Unicorn’, hearkens back to Proto-Indo-European * Hoi̯-no-s . The genitive forms ūnīus, ūnĭus and the dative form ūnī match the pronominal declension (cf. hujus , illius etc.), the remaining forms (including a rare gen. f. ūnae ) conform with those of first and second declension adjectives. [15] [16] Nominative and accusative forms persist within the Romance languages as numeral and also in its secondarily acquired role as indefinite article , e. g. Old French and Occitan uns, une, un , Italian un, una , Spanish uno, una , Portuguese um, uma , Romanian un, o . [17]

The masculine nominative/accusative forms dŭŏ < Old Latin dŭō ‘two’ is a cognate to Old Welsh dou ‘two’, [16] Greek δύω dýō ‘two’, Sanskrit दुवा duvā ‘two’, Old Church Slavonic dŭva ‘two’, that imply Proto-Indo-European * duu̯o-h 1 , a Lindeman variant of monosyllabic * du̯o-h 1 , living on in Sanskrit द्वा dvā ‘two’, and slightly altered in Gothic twai ‘two’, German zwei ‘two’ etc.; the feminine dŭae points to an ancestral form * duu̯ah 2 -ih 1 . Both forms bear a dual ending, which otherwise in Latin is preserved only in ambō ‘both’, and possibly in octō ‘eight’. The accusative forms dŭōs m., dŭās f., the genitive dŭom , classical dŭōrum m./n., dŭārum f., and the dative/ablative dŭōbus m./n., dŭābus f., are original Latin formations replicating nominal declension patterns; at times, duo stands in for other case forms, especially when combined with invariant numerals, e. g. duo et vīgintī ‘twenty-two’, duodētrīgintā ‘twenty-eight’. [15] [18]

Most Romance languages sustain an invariant form developed from the masculine accusative duōs > Spanish, Catalan , Occitan dos , French deux , Romansh duos , dus ; Italian due seems to preserve the feminine nominative duae (or may have evolved from the feminine accusative duas ). [17] Portuguese inflects masculine dois and feminine duas ; Romanian has doi and două , respectively.

The masculine and feminine nominative form trēs ‘three’ and its cognates Gothic þreis ‘three’, Greek τρεῖς treîs ‘three’, Sanskrit त्रयः trayaḥ ‘three’ are based on Proto-Indo-European * trei̯-es ; the original accusative form trīs , matching Umbrian trif , Gothic þrins , Old Irish trí , [16] Greek τρίνς tríns < Proto-Indo-European * tri-ns , was being superseded from preclassical Latin onward. The neuter tria corresponds to Umbrian triia and Greek τρία tría . The genitive trium is a direct descendant of Proto-Indo-European * trii̯-om , unlike e. g. Greek τριῶν triôn with long -ōn < -o-om , taken from the second declension; the dative/ablative form tribus , as well as Umbrian tris < * trifos , sustains Proto-Indo-European * tri-bʰos . [15] [18] The Romance languages only preserve one invariant form reflecting Latin trēs > Spanish, Catalan, Occitan tres , Portuguese três , French trois , Romansh trais , treis , Romanian trei . [17]

The invariant numeral quattuor ‘four’ does not fully correspond to any of its cognates in other languages, as Oscan petora ‘four’, Greek τέσσαρες téssares ‘four’, Old Irish cethair ‘four’, Gothic fidwôr ‘four’, Lithuanian keturì ‘four’, Old Church Slavonic četyre ‘four’ point to a Proto-Indo-European base * kʷetu̯or- , that should appear as * quetuor in Latin; the actual -a- has been explained as epenthetic vowel emerging from a zero-grade * kʷtu̯or- . The geminate -tt- might have been established to compensate the fluctuating quality of succeeding -u- between non-syllabic glide and full vowel apparent since Old Latin; in the postclassical form quattor this sound is dropped altogether, and in most Romance languages the second syllable is subject to syncope , which then is compensated by an additional vowel at the very end of the word, as in Spanish cuatro , Portuguese quatro , Italian quattro , French, Occitan, Catalan quatre , Romanian patru . [15] [18] [17]

The cardinal number quīnque ‘five’, with its cognates Old Irish coíc ‘five’, Greek πέντε pénte ‘five’, Sanskrit पञ्च pañca ‘five’, leads back to Proto-Indo-European pénkʷe ; the long -ī- , confirmed by preserved -i- in most Romance descendants, must have been transferred from the ordinal quīntus ‘fifth’, where the original short vowel had been regularly lengthened preceding a cluster with a vanishing fricative: quīntus < * quiŋxtos < * kʷuiŋkʷtos < * kʷeŋkʷ-to-s . The assimilation of antevocalic * p- to -kʷ- of the following syllable is a common feature of the Italic languages as well as the Celtic languages . [15] [18]





About Us
Blog
Free Resources
Support
1-800-567-9619





Try it Free




Find it at your Library



© 2022 Transparent Language, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
© 2022 Transparent Language, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Blogs.transparent.com stores cookies on your computer. These cookies are used to collect information about how you interact with our website and allow us to remember you. We use this information in order to improve and customize your browsing experience, as well as for analytics and metrics about our visitors - both on this website and other media. To find out more about the cookies we use, see our Privacy Policy .
If you decline, your information won’t be tracked when you visit this website. A single cookie will be used in your browser to remember your preference not to be tracked.
Latin Numbers can be expressed in both Arabic and Latin numeral notation. Knowing your Latin numbers is essential for any Latin speaker, whether you’re a beginner or advanced, so I’ve included a table below for your convenience. If you know your numbers from 1-100, I promise you’ll impress your friends for many a Superbowl to come with your Roman numeral knowledge. Happy counting!
Build vocabulary, practice pronunciation, and more with Transparent Language Online. Available anytime, anywhere, on any device.
Just wondering about proper pronunciation of Latin numerals. Is “c” pronounced as “ch”? Is “g” pronounced as in “giant” or as in “golf”? Thanks to anyone who can advise me.
Classical Latin: C is actually pronounced K
Classical Latin: G is pronounced as g in golf
Ecclesia
Girl Handjob Porn
Korean Twink Xxx
Horny Hentai Teen