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Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. The Agulhas Current AC is the strongest western boundary current in the Southern Hemisphere and is key for weather and climate patterns, both regionally and globally. Its heat transfer into both the midlatitude South Indian Ocean and South Atlantic is of global significance. A new composite coral record Ifaty and Tulear massive Porites corals , is linked to historical AC sea surface temperature SST instrumental data, showing robust correlations. The composite coral SST data start in and comprise years more than the AC instrumental record. Numerical modelling exhibits that this new coral derived SST record is representative for the wider core region of the AC. AC SSTs variabilities show distinct cooling through the Little Ice Age and warming during the late 18 th , 19th and 20th century, with significant decadal variability superimposed. The greater Agulhas Current AC system near the southern tip of Africa is a key component in the global climate system through its role in inter-ocean heat and salt transport, thereby influencing the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 1 , 2 , 3 hereafter AMOC. Modeling experiments suggest that the increased export of AC waters into the Atlantic Ocean, through the so-called Agulhas leakage, results in an enhanced AMOC albeit with a lag of 15—30 years 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. The recent warming is thought to be related to an increase in ocean heat transport in response to an increase in wind stress curl in the southern Indian Ocean trade winds 8 , 9. The AC is the strongest western boundary current in the Southern Hemisphere and releases a lot of heat to the atmosphere throughout the year. Relatively strong winds over the southern AC lead to strong latent heat loss from the surface, while further north off the east coast of South Africa, there is often convective cloud cover over its warm core 10 , 11 , 12 , As a result, under suitable atmospheric conditions, the AC can influence severe weather systems over South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique such as cut-off lows 14 , thunderstorms 15 and mesoscale convective complexes The AC region is modulated by interannual and decadal climate modes in the Indian and Pacific Ocean, partly through their influence on the circulation in the South Indian Ocean 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 and also through local ocean-atmosphere interactions driven by these modes 17 , 21 , 22 , This strong interannual and decadal variability may be superimposed on the long-term trend in AC SST that could partly be related to changes in the subtropical Indian Ocean gyre strength on these time scales 24 , 25 , Historical gridded SST data and reconstructions reveal that the southern Mozambique Channel MC , one of the source regions of the AC, has also experienced one of the highest rates in ocean warming across the southern Indian Ocean since A single year long coral geochemical proxy record from Ifaty reef off southwestern Madagascar in the southern MC also revealed an increase in SST after the 's These single core observations, however, are limited and may not represent the wider southern MC or the AC core region as yet. The Ifaty coral core location yellow dot and the region of dense SST observations rectangular box for the Agulhas Current are indicated. Here, we present a new three-core coral composite oxygen isotope record from the Ifaty and Tulear coral reefs off SW Madagascar, which covers SST variability for the past years — Finally, we aim to infer cross-ocean relationships in the Southern Hemisphere using SST records, elucidating the pivotal role of the AC region at the cross roads between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Correlations are plotted at maximum lag, with lag values shown as contours. Figure 2d shows that The new coral composite comprises three corals from to , two from onwards and a single coral covering to Fig. The coral proxy data and measurement procedures are described in detail in the Methods. In brief, all proxy records were centered by removing the — mean. This has the advantage that our coral temperature reconstruction does not depend on linear regression with instrumental SST data, which has rather large errors The composite chronology extends from to Fig. All SST anomalies computed relative to the to period. The composite SST record indicates strong multidecadal variability throughout the years. The coolest period in SW Madagascar and the AC core region on record pre is observed between and and includes the Late Maunder Minimum — , the coolest period during the Little Ice Age. The cool period shows strong interannual variability. The warmest periods on record pre for both SW Madagascar and the AC core region are observed between —, to and to The warming rate between and was rapid at 0. The warm period between to is also very prominent for both SW Madagascar and the AC core region. This period is punctuated by strong interannual warm anomalies with cooler years in between. Similarly strong interannual variability is also observed for the to warm period. We use the period since because SST products are less reliable prior to that date. We found a steady warming in the coral composite SST record since 1. The magnitude of the warming inferred from the corals is 0. We speculate that much of the observed spread in proxy-SST relationships reflects statistical uncertainties since the error of the OLS regression obtained using the mean slopes equals the spread of the warming rates estimates using the upper and lower limits of proxy-SST relationships. The warming trend after the mid's in the coral composite record agrees substantially better with instrumental SST than the previously published Ifaty-4 coral record alone The long-term warming rates indicated by the SST products for the Ifaty-Tulear region since clearly differ, yet agree on the strong post warming. The warming rates per decade since are 0. The absolute warming between to ranges between 0. This is most probably due to the sparse to non-existent observations for the Ifaty-Tulear region Fig. Interannual warm peaks are observed during the 20th century, the most prominent between — and the late 's to early 's. Our new SST reconstructions also show excellent correlation with an annual mean South African air temperature reconstruction AT from a stalagmite record 36 over the entire year period Fig. Both, the coral composite SST and stalagmite AT indicate the period between to as the coolest on record. In addition, both records indicate relatively high temperatures during the late 18th and 19th century, a cool period in the early 20th century followed by a warming towards the end of the 20th century. Note the gap in the stalagmite record between and Both SST and air temperature anomalies computed relative to the to period. To assess the correlations of the coral composite with global SST on decadal time scales, we applied a Loess low-pass filter with a cutoff at 8 years. Positive correlations also emerge off the eastern coast of South America and the sub tropical Atlantic. Other teleconnected regions with positive correlations are the northern Indian Ocean, the western and northeastern Pacific. Tables S4 to S6 and Fig. This pattern is related to ENSO. PC2 is not correlated with the coral composite when the entire period from to is considered. This finding is consitent with Zinke et al. EOF3 comprises the well-known subtropical dipole modes that can be found across all southern ocean basins, especially in austral summer. Table S7 and Fig. This finding is consistent with Zinke et al. Based on this strong relationship, we are able to resolve historical SST variability and long-term changes in the southern MC and the AC core region back to We observed strong multidecadal to centennial-scale oscillations in SST over the past years in the coral composite SST and since at least in three SST datasets. We confirmed the period between and as the coolest period on record, which suggests that transport of warm water from the tropical Indian Ocean towards the AC was diminished at this time. We find warm excursions between and , the late 19th century and post where warm water transport to the AC was at its peak. The current warming after to is not unprecedented since similar warming rates were observed from to following peak cooling during the Late Maunder Minimum during the Little Ice Age. Yet, instrumental SST beyond show that the warming of the past 20 years was exceptional in the context of the past years 8 Figs. These periods stand out as particularly warm decades in our new reconstruction. Nevertheless, the three instrumental SST datasets agree with the coral composite SST in showing a warm period with strong interannual oscillations pre In addition, the recently published air temperature reconstruction for southern Africa from a stalagmite record 36 agrees with the coral composite in showing higher temperatures in the region during the late 18th and 19th century Fig. A rainfall reconstruction for southern Africa 37 revealed that the 19th century was wetter than the 20th century which could be partly related to relatively warm SST in the AC region during the early and late 19th century observed in our SST reconstruction. Our reconstruction is in concert with typical spatial teleconnection pattern of the AC region SST with global SST on interannual and decadal time scales. Yet, we found significant correlations with the western and northeastern Pacific SST. The strongest relationship was found with the southern Indian Ocean and off the east coast of South America. The strong correlations with the southern Indian Ocean are found along the AC return flow. The teleconnections with the South Atlantic are found along the advective pathways of the Agulhas leakage 7 , A recent study of mid-latitude islands across the southern part of all ocean basins also revealed that the Agulhas system is likely a dominant driver of climate variability for the mid- to high latitude Indian Ocean islands The recent spatial warming trend pattern in the southern Indian Ocean is characterised by two warming centers, one in the southwestern and the other in the southeastern Indian Ocean Fig. Thus, the two centers of warming most possibly underwent similar multidecadal SST changes and the recent pattern is part of this natural multidecadal variability. The mechanism driving this multidecadal variability might be related to large-scale wind forcing across the southern Indian and Atlantic Ocean 17 , Lee et al. The warming in the South Atlantic after was probably reinforced by a warm Agulhas leakage and its westward and northward transport into the Atlantic. Similar warming of the South Atlantic should have occurred during the late 18th and 19th century according to our AC core region SST reconstruction. This assumption needs to be tested with coupled atmosphere-ocean models. In conclusion, our new coral composite SST record for the Agulhas Current system showed strong multidecadal SST variability in this globally important ocean current and that the warming over the last three decades is not unprecedented in the context of the multi-centennial record. Coral cores from massive Porites sp. The Ifaty and Tulear coral reef sites are described in detail in Zinke et al. Core Ifaty-4 4. The average growth rate of core Ifaty-4 was 0. Then, slabs were rinsed several times with demineralized water and dried with compressed air. The slabs were X-rayed to reveal annual density banding. A high resolution profile for stable isotope analysis on core Ifaty-4 was drilled using a computer-controlled drilling device along the growth axis as observed in X-ray-radiograph-positive prints Cores Ifaty-1 and Tular-3 were sampled at annual resolution along the major growth axis following the density pattern from summer to summer in any given year established from X-ray-radiograph-positive prints. We used the Ifaty-4 core as our best dated reference time series to ensure that the yearly sampled chronologies of Ifaty-1 and Tulear-3 aligned well. The three proxy records were first centered by removing the — mean. A composite annually resolved coral temperature record was then constructed by 1 converting each proxy record to temperature units, 2 calculating the arithmetic mean of the coral SST records from each site and 3 averaging the mean records from both sites. This resulted in a time series of relative SST changes at annual resolution against the to mean. We estimated the uncertainties of the coral composite SST reconstruction following the method of Nurhati et al. The errors are displayed in Figure 3 as grey shaded envelopes for each individual year. Peeters, F. Vigorous exchange between the Indian and Atlantic oceans at the end of the past five glacial periods. Nature , — Beal, L. On the role of the Agulhas system in ocean circulation and climate. Biastoch, A. Increase in Agulhas leakage due to poleward shift of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. Weijer, W. Ruijter, W. Response of the Atlantic overturning circulation to South Atlantic sources of buoyancy. Change 34, — Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning. Haarsma, R. Impacts of interruption of the Agulhas leakage on the tropical Atlantic in coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations. Advective time scales and pathways of Agulhas leakage. Rouault, M. Warming in the Agulhas system since the 's. Backeberg, B. Impact of intensified Indian Ocean winds on mesoscale variability in the Agulhas system. Nature Climate Change 2, — Jury, M. Tropical monsoons around Africa: Stability of El Nino-Southern Oscillation associations and links with continental climate. Lee-Thorp, J. Rapid climate shifts in the southern African interior throughout the mid to late Holocene. Air-sea exchange over an Agulhas eddy at the subtropical convergence. Global Atmos. Google Scholar. Reason, C. Evidence for the influence of the Agulhas current on regional atmospheric circulation patterns. Climate 14, — Singleton, A. Reviews , — Forecasting 17, — Blamey, R. Numerical simulation of a mesoscale convective system over the east coast of South Africa. Tellus A 61, 17—34 Tellus A 52, — Sensitivity of the southern African circulation to dipole sea-surface temparature patterns in the south Indian Ocean. Article Google Scholar. Fauchereau, N. Sea-surface temperature co-variability in the southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans and its connections with the atmospheric circulation in the southern hemisphere. Zinke, J. ENSO and Indian Ocean subtropical dipole variability is recorded in a coral record off southwest Madagascar for the period Earth Planet. Behera, S. Hermes, J. Annual cycle of the South Indian Ocean Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge in a regional ocean model. Fetter, A. Atmospheric driving forces for the Agulhas Current in the subtropics. Lee, T. Decadal phase change in large-scale sea level and winds in the Indo-Pacific region at the end of the 20th century. ADS Google Scholar. Nidheesh, A. Decadal and long-term sea level variability in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Crueger, T. Patterns of Pacific decadal variability recorded by Indian Ocean corals. Earth Sci. McClanahan, T. Recent seawater temperature histories, status and predictions for Madagascar's coral reefs. Loveday, B. Decoupling of the Agulhas Current from the Agulhas Leakage. Juillet-Leclerc, A. A calibration of the oxygen isotope paleothermometer of coral aragonite from Porites. Nurhati, I. Climate 24, — Rayner, N. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. Kennedy, J. Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in sea-surface temperature observations since part 2: biases and homogenisation. Smith, T. Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land—ocean surface temperature analysis — Climate 21, — Woodruff, S. Sundqvist, H. Evidence of a large cooling between and AD in southern Africa. Neukom, R. Multi-proxy summer and winter precipitation reconstruction for southern Africa over the last years. Lee, S. What caused the significant increase in Atlantic Ocean heat content since the midth century? Richard, Y. Temperature chnages in the mid- and high-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. Durgadoo, J. Agulhas leakage predominantly responds to the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. Searching for decadal variations in ENSO precipitation teleconnections. Bruggemann, H. Social-ecological problems forcing unprecedented change on the latitudinal margins of coral reefs: the case of southwest Madagascar. Carton James, A. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. All authors helped with the interpretation of the data and writing the manuscript. Reprints and permissions. Madagascar corals track sea surface temperature variability in the Agulhas Current core region over the past years. Sci Rep 4 , Download citation. Received : 10 December Accepted : 13 February Published : 18 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Palaeoclimate Physical oceanography. Abstract The Agulhas Current AC is the strongest western boundary current in the Southern Hemisphere and is key for weather and climate patterns, both regionally and globally. Modern and sub-fossil corals suggest reduced temperature variability in the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole during the medieval climate anomaly Article Open access 22 July Introduction The greater Agulhas Current AC system near the southern tip of Africa is a key component in the global climate system through its role in inter-ocean heat and salt transport, thereby influencing the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 1 , 2 , 3 hereafter AMOC. Figure 1. Surface ocean connectivity between southwest Madagascar and the Agulhas Current. Full size image. Figure 2. Figure 3. Sea surface temperature reconstruction for the Agulhas Current region. Correlations computed for maximum number of years in each dataset taking into account the degrees of freedom for each correlation pair. Figure 4. Reconstructions for sea surface and air temperature for the Agulhas Current and South Africa. Figure 5. Global teleconnections of Agulhas Current region sea surface temperature. Methods Coral core collection and sampling Coral cores from massive Porites sp. References Peeters, F. Google Scholar Reason, C. Article Google Scholar Fauchereau, N. Article Google Scholar Zinke, J. Article Google Scholar Hermes, J. Article Google Scholar Kennedy, J. Article Google Scholar Sundqvist, H. Article Google Scholar Lee, S. Article Google Scholar Durgadoo, J. Kroon Authors J. Zinke View author publications. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. Electronic supplementary material. Supplementary Information Supplementary Information. About this article Cite this article Zinke, J. Copy to clipboard. This article is cited by On the importance of the Mozambique Channel for the climate of southeastern Africa D. Mawren R. Blamey C. Reason Climate Dynamics Rainfall variability in southeast and west-central Africa during the Little Ice Age: do documentary and proxy records agree? Matthew J. Hannaford Kristen K. Publish with us For authors Language editing services Submit manuscript. Search Search articles by subject, keyword or author. Show results from All journals This journal. Advanced search. Close banner Close. Email address Sign up. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing.

Madagascar

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The cultural and geographical characteristics of Madagascar are also reflected in Malagasy cuisine. Of course, first and foremost, the yields of Madagascar's Crops the typical eating habits of the country. Especially Rice plays a major role in the daily diet of the population. Although Madagascar has many poor regions, the cities have developed into a considerable restaurant culture can develop, where Gourmets and Lovers of natural food get their money's worth. Basically, two main currents dominate in culinary terms: international and French cuisine and traditional Malagasy cuisine. The international and French cuisine offers visitors from Europe few surprises, but first-class quality. The climate offers the possibility fresh fruit and vegetables all year round to harvest. Most of the products also come from organic cultivation. With the cultivation of the potato, French fries became a popular side dish, even among locals. In coastal regions, in addition to a rich offer, restaurant visitors can enjoy various edible fish also about Lobsters, crabs, shrimps and prawns directly from the sea. In addition to European influences, Madagascar's menus are also dominated by dishes from Asia and other Creole regions. For example, the actually Indian samosas The 'madagache' are small, triangular dumplings filled with vegetables, fish or meat and then fried in hot fat. An extremely delicate and satisfying street food, they have become a popular dish in their infinite variations available in almost all local markets. Traditional Malagasy dishes are far less spicy than those from other African regions. Rice serves as a filling side dish at any time of day, so that up to grams of rice per capita are consumed daily in Madagascar. The food is usually prepared over a charcoal fire on the veranda or a cooking corner inside the house. A popular and arguably common breakfast with Madagascar's highlanders is Vary amin'anana. The basis is rice, which is served with eggs, meat or honey. Often, leftovers from the evening meal can be used in this way. Rice also forms the basis tasty doughnut baked in fat These are popularly known as Ramanonaka and Mofo Gasy. It is not drunk with coffee or tea, as is customary here, but Ranoyla, a decoction that is produced when the burnt sediment in the rice pot is boiled up with water: Ranovola is pale yellow, slightly cloudy and tastes decidedly bland. However, it is considered very healthy and has a calming effect on an upset stomach. Especially the Zebu on Madagascar provides the basis of many traditional meat dishes. The zebu is a type of cattle raised on the red island - as well as in other tropical areas. A special delicacy is for example Lelan'omby sosy, Zebu tongue with ginger and tomato sauce , an unusual for European palates, but extremely tasty combination, powerful flavors. The dishes are seasoned mainly with wild growing native herbs or also a typical Malagasy broth. Zebu meat, in addition to a particularly large variety of herbs, is also the basis of the very tasty Romazava. This broth is also known beyond Madagascar. There are great regional differences in the preparation of the broth, so that it is a new taste experience every time. Also Cassava , in South America also Tapioca as a particularly low-maintenance, robust tuber has become a popular ingredient in Malagasy cuisine. It thrives in all tropical regions and can be used universally in the kitchen. Raw cassava roots are inedible. They are therefore usually served grilled or boiled. To preserve the tuber for a long time, it is usually processed into flour. From this in turn Croquettes and doughnuts, but also cakes produced, which European palates can enjoy very much. Unlike potatoes, for example, cassava can be eaten even the fresh leaves of the plant. Usually, these are crushed and then cooked. A typical combination of these ingredients can be found in Ravitoto, a hearty stew made from cassava leaves and pieces of meat. Ravitoto is served with Rice and chopped and spiced tomatoes and thus unites the national colors of Madagascar - green, white and red - on the plate! This dish is especially popular with beef. However, since the preparation of this Malagasy national dish in this case requires several hours, it usually has to be pre-ordered in restaurants. But after this long cooking time, the meat is particularly tender and remains juicy in the spicy broth. Faster to prepare is the Stew with pork. The henakisoa sy ravitoto is therefore particularly common on the menus of Malagasy restaurants. Very similar to the ravitoto and also classic in the cuisine madagache is the henakisoa sy anatsonga, a stew of pork and various culinary herbs. Besides zebu, pork is the main source of protein in Madagascar's cuisine, since dairy products are rarely consumed. Pork is served, among other things, with white beans as Henakisoa sy Tsaramaso , or also as a Shank with fresh green peas Tongon- Kisoa sy petits pois offered throughout the year. Sofin-kisoa sy voanjobory, pig's ears with bambara beans, is also an extremely popular dish among locals. Very tasty and also particularly strong with Garlic and black pepper seasoned are the Saosisy, small sausages that enrich the displays at every Magadasian butcher's stand in long chains. They are very reminiscent of our domestic Bratwursts and are very popular with both Malagasy and visitors to the island nation. The processing and also the handling of meat in Madagascar is fundamentally different from what is usual in Europe. Thus, the relationship between man and animal may seem almost crude and brute to the European visitor. Unlike in our country, the slaughter of farm animals is not done behind closed doors, but in public, usually directly on the market. The animal is also subsequently slaughtered in the open air. However, this practice, which is repulsive for Europeans, has the immense advantage that the meat is only ever offered in the quantities in which it is actually in demand. Overproduction and spoilage of the meat, which unfortunately can hardly be avoided in our country, thus do not take place. Especially the latter may surprise the visitor of a Madagascan market: Meat and sausages are offered at the stalls without appropriate cooling. Especially in the hot season, it is therefore impossible to prevent flies from settling on them. This aspect is admittedly highly unhygienic in our eyes, but in Madagascar the meat is sold and processed faster than is commonly the case here. Also Meat purchases only for the day made. Buying in stock does not take place with meat products. The flies are therefore primarily a visual, but by no means a qualitative flaw. During processing, the bleeding is also carried out very conscientiously and with extreme meticulousness. Meat consumption in all parts of Madagascar is thus harmless to health. Attention should still be paid to this, to consume only cooked meat. Fish lovers also get their money's worth with the typical Malagasy cuisine. The Variety of fish dishes and types of fish served is almost limitless in the coastal regions. An unimaginable number of fish and seafood are offered there in countless variations for purchase and consumption. Particularly appreciated in Madagascar, however, is the meat of the Tilapia, an African cichlid fish. Shrimp is also a favorite. As Ravimbomanga sy patsa kely, they can be found with sweet potato leaves in restaurants. However, fish and meat are often simply combined. Dishes that are also known in our country as Surf 'n Turf are extremely popular among the Malagasy. For example, pork is often served with eel in tomato sauce as henakisoa sy amalona, and pork with crayfish henakisoa sy orana is a traditional dish once reserved exclusively for the ruling classes. Because fruits and vegetables thrive year-round in Madagascar's tropical climate, they can be eaten fresh all year round and at a excellent quality are offered. The large selection of different fruits is partly due to Madagascar's colonial past. Among other things, the French were able to cultivate the apple tree in the areas of the Malagasy highlands. Pears are also a typical European fruit, which is cultivated in Madagascar in numerous varieties. Only fruit that requires frost to flower, such as our native cherry, cannot grow in the warm, tropical climate of the red island. This does the Variety of fruits and vegetables but this does not detract from the quality of the fruit. Physalis, also known as Cape gooseberries or pok-pok in Madagascar, are mainly grown in the Fianarantsoa area. The pleasantly sour tasting fruits are offered for sale by the kilo and at a ridiculous price. The strawberries, which are only available in summer, are available in Madagascar all year round in perfect quality. Almost every front garden in Madagascar has a papaya tree. The fruits are harvested ripe as usual in our country, but also half ripe, then grated and steamed to make a salad. The leaves of the plant prove as a tea as an effective remedy against malaria. The popular pineapple can of course also be found in Madagascar. The typical for the island Victoria or 'mountain pineapple' called fruit, is much smaller than the representatives we know from the domestic supermarkets, beats this by their particularly intense and fruity taste however, by lengths. Largely unknown to us but also extremely tasty is the corossol, a fruit from the Anonaceae family like the related cinnamon apples, ox hearts and chirimoyas. Jackfruit, typical of Africa, can also be harvested year-round in Madagascar and are impressive in size and weight. Since these spoil particularly quickly when ripe, they can only be enjoyed in tropical climes, quite fresh. In addition, not to be forgotten are the wonderful edible mushrooms that the red earth produces. In fact Madagascar chanterelles almost red color - but just as delicious as our native 'Schwammerl'. In the months of January to March along the RN 7 in the highlands they enrich almost every Malagasy dish in the most excellent way. Also excellent porcini mushrooms are offered and are here warmly recommended. The famous RN 7 can be used within the framework of different Tours south be traveled. In Madagascar is every drop of clean drinking water very precious. Drinks are therefore primarily used as thirst quenchers and not as stimulants. Mineral water from the 1. However, travelers should resort to it. It provides the the only recommended source of drinking water dar - if you want to be absolutely sure, take it also for brushing your teeth! Soft drinks are available in Madagascar in a surprising variety: In addition to the classics such as Coca-Cola and Fanta which are predominantly bottled in 0. Another popular drink among locals is Bonbon Anglais, a water-clear lemonade with a taste reminiscent of Red Bull. In addition, Malagasy variants of bitter lemon, tonic water and sparkling water called 'Crystal' are also available. All beverages without alcohol are sometimes available under the name 'Hygienic Beverages'. As particularly helpful for gastrointestinal upset is the Medicinal water Rano Visy, a highly bicarbonate water from Antsirabe, a former spa in the highlands that can still be visited on one of the tours along RN 7. Beer is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages everywhere in the world and thus also in Madagascar. The brewery has even launched a beer with 6. The THB 'Lite' with 3. Unlike in our country, beer in Madagascar is sold in 0. Although not according to the German Purity Law. Brewed from corn , THB tastes practically exactly like our domestic beers and is very pleasantly hopped. Only since has the star brewery had a significant competitor. The year is remembered by the locals as Year of the beer war , when an interest group of local investors supported by foreign financiers and their expertise in the city of Ambatolampy established the SKOL- Brewery was founded. Since then, the competition has been giving the previous monopolist a hard time. SKOL, offered in a slim, 'modern' 0. In the tourist centers, you can buy mainly imported wines, mostly from South Africa. Although both white and red wines such as the 'Cote de Fianar' or 'Grand Cru d'Antsirabe' are grown in the highlands, they cannot compete with the imported wines in terms of taste. An exception is the sweet wine from the area of Fianarantsoa. Rum is one of the better known export items of the red island - and enjoys great popularity among the population! Both white and brown - in an unmanageable variety, the sugar cane liquor is sold everywhere and in all bottle sizes. Special mention should be made of the Top product Dzama 12 ans , a year-old rum from Nosy Be which you can only get with very good connections. An insider tip from the east coast is Lychee liquor , wonderfully mild and fruity - and also only available with relationships. At Tours and Individual travel at the northern east coast With a little luck, you can get your hands on a bottle or two of these typical local specialties. The rum is mixed with pickled fruits, vanilla beans, Fine cocoa and chocolate or Coffee from Madagascar flavored and a tasty digestive to a Malagasy menu. Particularly exquisite are the products in the respective growing region. For example the Masola Peninsula and the Vanilla Coast or northern east coast. Coffee - although not originally native to Madagascar, the Malagasy can nevertheless boast of a peculiar mastery in the preparation of this beverage. The Coffee from Madagascar impresses with its strong and intense aroma and its very dark practically inky black color. The finish light and a Pleasure for every connoisseur of good coffee. This extraordinary flavor unfolds through the special and loving roasting of the raw coffee beans. These are roasted with a little cane sugar in a pan over a coal fire, which causes the sugar to caramelize. The roasted coffee beans are then not ground, but crushed in a hardwood mortar. Filtered through a cloth bag, the Madagascar coffee unfolds its incomparable taste. Tea has also become native to Madagascar, albeit hesitantly. Some small plantations near Fianarantsoa, produce excellent tea, partly according to the strictest ecological criteria. Fianarantsoa can be visited for example at a Individual trip along the madagascan East Coast be visited. Since the Madagascans themselves hardly drink tea, most of the tea grown there is exported. It is hardly offered on the domestic market. Most of the tea served in restaurants is imported from the Far East. One exception to this is the Islamic, partly Arab residents of the west coast - in their everyday lives, tea plays a much more important role as a traditional beverage. One can fixed travel book, where Madagascar's West Coast - The splendor of the slopes get to know and taste the particularly delicious tea. Caviar from Madagascar: the future third largest production in the world You can not say it often enough. Five specialties that are considered typical Malagasy 5 typical Malagasy specialties that you will enjoy during your. A fish delight with a fruity - exotic taste On Madagascar, the food culture has developed just like. An exquisite indulgence Drinking chocolate, cocoa powder, nut and milk chocolate - all this can be found in any. Do you have any questions? Simply get in touch with us! Please use the contact form on the right. We will take care of your request as soon as possible. Use our contact form to reach us directly! We guarantee a quick response and look forward to dealing with your individual requests and inquiries. Your dream vacation in Madagascar is just a message away. Don't hesitate - we are here for you! Thank you for thinking about donating to the poorest. Maybe you will come back here again. Kind regards Klaus. Villa Sibylle Antananarivo Madagascar. Generic filters. Trip offers. Connection tours. RN7 variants. Motorcycle tours and rental. The North of Madagascar. The West of Madagascar. The East of Madagascar. Madagascar slope rides. Splendor of the slopes. Sport travel. Photo travel. Ornithological trips. Fellow travelers welcome! Paragliding - Paragliding. The south of Madagascar. The most beautiful itinerary through Madagascar. Duration 16 days. Mountain cloud forests - Madagascar's east coast - Nosy Be. Duration 20 days. Tsingy of Bemaraha and Morondava. Duration 10 days. Duration 23 days. Andasibe-Ankanin'y Nofy-Sainte Marie. Duration 14 days. Highland tour with boat trip on the Pangalan Channel. Duration 17 days. Highland Tour 20 days with Kirindy and Tsaranoro. RN7 from south to north. Highland Tour -Ornithological trip in 17 days. RN7-Antananarivo to Ambatomila without flight. Duration 21 days. Highland Route Trekking-Andasibe. Duration 15 days. Highland tour with Andasibe and Manakara without flight. Highland Tour with Andasibe and Ankan'y Nofy. Car rental with and without driver in Madagascar. Duration On request Days. Duration 9 days. The splendor of the slopes-east and south with highland route. The splendor of the slopes- west coast and highland route. The splendor of the slopes - West Coast and Tsingy of Bemaraha. The splendor of the slopes-with us experience the 'Terra incognita. Duration 24 days. Cities in Madagascar. Travel arrangements. The guests have the floor. Food and drink in Madagascar. The culinary diversity of the red island The cultural and geographical characteristics of Madagascar are also reflected in Malagasy cuisine. The international and French cuisine The international and French cuisine offers visitors from Europe few surprises, but first-class quality. The traditional Malagasy cuisine Traditional Malagasy dishes are far less spicy than those from other African regions. Traditional meat dishes from the red island A typical combination of these ingredients can be found in Ravitoto, a hearty stew made from cassava leaves and pieces of meat. Meat processing directly on the market The processing and also the handling of meat in Madagascar is fundamentally different from what is usual in Europe. Fish dishes from Madagascar Fish lovers also get their money's worth with the typical Malagasy cuisine. Fruit and vegetables Because fruits and vegetables thrive year-round in Madagascar's tropical climate, they can be eaten fresh all year round and at a excellent quality are offered. Drinks in Madagascar In Madagascar is every drop of clean drinking water very precious. Alcoholic beverages Beer is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages everywhere in the world and thus also in Madagascar. Wine and spirits In the tourist centers, you can buy mainly imported wines, mostly from South Africa. Coffee and tea Coffee - although not originally native to Madagascar, the Malagasy can nevertheless boast of a peculiar mastery in the preparation of this beverage. Blog topics. Latest blogs. Karenjy, the handmade car from Madagascar drive yourself. Marriage in Madagascar. Kere-the dramatic drought in the south of Madagascar. Tourism in Madagascar-shattered on the ground. Welcome to the year ! The scattered islands-Iles Eparses: 'France respects neither history nor international law. These posts might also interest you Caviar from Madagascar Five specialties that are considered typical Malagasy Traditional zebu dishes from Magagascar The local specialties in Madagascar Malagasy cuisine is different from our European cuisine, is. Fruits from Madagascar - all year round Fruits from Madagascar - classified by season In Madagascar there is a great variety of. Fish with coconut sauce Fine cocoa and chocolate from Madagascar The weather. Deutsch English. Villa Sibylle Antananarivo Madagascar Email: kontakt urlaub-auf-madagaskar. Just get in touch with us! Email: kontakt urlaub-auf-madagaskar. First name. Last name. Number of people. By sending my request, I agree that my data may be stored and used for the purpose of transmitting offers and other communication in this regard. Yes, I would like them to contact me. The form was sent successfully. An error has occurred. Do you have a question or a request? Whatsapp Youtube. I am flexible with travel times. Please tell us a little more about your travel plans. What type of trip do you prefer? Travel interests 1. Preferred activities multiple selection possible. Travel interests 2. Masoala, Andasibe, Isalo Animal observations lemurs, reptiles, birds Photo tour e. Other activities. Enquire now without obligation. Appeal for donations. After 10 months of total inactivity, self-employed people in the tourism industry in Madagascar are completely without income. There is no opening of the borders in sight in Madagascar and we are at the beginning of the rainy season, which is the low season, even in normal times. I have started a fundraiser for the guides and drivers I know well. From this money we will buy rice and other essentials and distribute them regularly, if possible, until the resumption of travel activities in April at the earliest. My special thanks to those who have already donated. I will start buying rice tomorrow and will begin distributing it this week. 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Ifaty buy coke